Exam I

Question 1

what are the 4 P’s framework?

Answer 1

(1) prevention
(2) prediction
(3) plasticity
(4) participation

Question 2

what are the 3 different types of interventions to improve motor function?

Answer 2

(1) restorative interventions
(2) augmented interventions and impairment specific interventions
(3) compensatory interventions

Question 3

what are the elements that make up restorative interventions? (3)

Answer 3

(1) repetition and intensity
(2) enhance active motor learning
(3) encourage use of impaired body segment

Question 4

what are examples of impairment specific interventions?

Answer 4

strength, flexibility, coordination, postural control

Question 5

what are examples of augmented interventions? (3)

Answer 5

(1) neuromuscular facilitation
(2) PNF
(3) NDT

Question 6

what are compensatory interventions?

Answer 6

interventions for those with severe deficits and limited recovery

Question 7

what are the 4 main motor skills?

Answer 7

(1) transitional mobility
(2) stability
(3) dynamic postural control
(4) skill

Question 8

what is postural mobility?

Answer 8

ability to transition from one position to another independently and safely

Question 9

what is stability?

Answer 9

maintaining postural stability with the COM over the BOS at rest

Question 10

what is dynamic postural control?

Answer 10

ability to maintain COM over BOS while the body is in motion

Question 11

what is skill as it related to a motor skill?

Answer 11

ability to consistently perform coordinated movement sequences for the purposes of attaining a goal

Question 12

during what phases of the temporal sequence would augmented interventions help with?

Answer 12

difficulty initiating movement and executing the movement (including timing and sequencing of movement)

Question 13

when should augmented interventions be implemented? (3)

Answer 13

(1) lacking voluntary movement
(2) insufficient motor recovery
(3) difficulty initiating or sustaining movement

Question 14

when implementing NDT treatment, should the patient be actively participating or not?

Answer 14

NDT requires active participation by the patient

Question 15

what do each of the 5 body segments require from a stability or mobility standpoint?

Answer 15

(1) head and neck: mobility
(2) upper trunk: stability
(3) lower trunk: mobility
(4) UE: mobility
(5) LE: mobility

Question 16

what should be the primary cueing used for NDT?

Answer 16

light touch; facilitate movement by guiding and handling the patient with light touch (allow time for muscles to activate and patient to respond)

Question 17

what are the variables to consider when selecting an outcome measure? (5)

Answer 17

(1) dimension (which aspect of the ICF is the focus)
(2) format (performance vs. self-report)
(3) reliability
(4) validity
(5) feasibility

Question 18

what does the Romberg OM assess? what about the sharpened Romberg?

Answer 18

(1) Romberg: static standing balance

2) Sharpened: static standing balance (tandem stance

Question 19

what does the BERG balance scale assess?

Answer 19

static and dynamic balance

Question 20

what does the Tinetti assess?

Answer 20

Balance (static / dynamic) AND Gait

Question 21

what does the functional reach assess?

Answer 21

quick standing balance screen

Question 22

what does the modified functional reach assess?

Answer 22

quick sitting balance screen

Question 23

what does the TUG assess?

Answer 23

quick screen of dynamic balance and mobility in elderly

Question 24

what does the 6 minute walk test assess?

Answer 24

endurance (functional capacity)

Question 25

what does the 10 meter walk assess?

Answer 25

functional mobility

Question 26

what does the dynamic gait index assess?

Answer 26

dynamic gait

Question 27

what does the PASS (Postural Assessment for Stroke Patients) assess?

Answer 27

acute stroke postural assessment

Question 28

what does the Fugl-Meyer assess?

Answer 28

motor recovery following CVA

Question 29

what is the STREAM and what does it assess?

Answer 29

(1) Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement | (2) common ADLs following CVA

Question 30

what does the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment assess?

Answer 30

split into two sections: impairment and function (following CVA)

Question 31

what is the SIS and what does it assess?

Answer 31

(1) Stroke Impact Scale | (2) self-report scale to assess functional recovery following a CVA

Question 32

if a patient appears depressed about their diagnosis (such as a stroke), what are some strategies to implement during treatment?

Answer 32

change the environment or implement activities that the patient enjoys into therapy

Question 33

what are the FIM levels and what is the level of assistance required at each level?

Answer 33

``` 7 - Independent 6 - Modified Independent 5 - SGA (Supervision) 4 - Min Assistance (Contact Guard Assistance) 3 - Mod Assistance (50% A) 2 - Max Assistance (50-75% A) 1 - Dependent (>75% A OR use of > 1 person) 0 - Task not performed on Eval ```

Question 34

when are FIM scores taken?

Answer 34

(1) always taken at evaluation and discharge | (2) sometimes taken every time the patient is seen

Question 35

what are 3 main factors that contribute to gait performance?

Answer 35

(1) progression (2) stability (postural control) (3) adaptation

Question 36

what are the functional tasks of gait? (3)

Answer 36

(1) weight acceptance (2) single limb stance (3) swing limb advancement

Question 37

what is required during midstance of the gait cycle?

Answer 37

(1) coordination of extensors | (2) co-contraction of foot PF and DF

Question 38

what is required during terminal stance of the gait cycle?

Answer 38

(1) forward / lateral weight shift | (2) co-contraction of the extensors

Question 39

how much knee and hip flexion is required during the swing phase of gait to clear the foot?

Answer 39

(1) 35-60 degrees of knee flexion | (2) 0-30 degrees of hip flexion