Exam I Flashcards
what are the 4 P’s framework?
(1) prevention
(2) prediction
(3) plasticity
(4) participation
what are the 3 different types of interventions to improve motor function?
(1) restorative interventions
(2) augmented interventions and impairment specific interventions
(3) compensatory interventions
what are the elements that make up restorative interventions? (3)
(1) repetition and intensity
(2) enhance active motor learning
(3) encourage use of impaired body segment
what are examples of impairment specific interventions?
strength, flexibility, coordination, postural control
what are examples of augmented interventions? (3)
(1) neuromuscular facilitation
(2) PNF
(3) NDT
what are compensatory interventions?
interventions for those with severe deficits and limited recovery
what are the 4 main motor skills?
(1) transitional mobility
(2) stability
(3) dynamic postural control
(4) skill
what is postural mobility?
ability to transition from one position to another independently and safely
what is stability?
maintaining postural stability with the COM over the BOS at rest
what is dynamic postural control?
ability to maintain COM over BOS while the body is in motion
what is skill as it related to a motor skill?
ability to consistently perform coordinated movement sequences for the purposes of attaining a goal
during what phases of the temporal sequence would augmented interventions help with?
difficulty initiating movement and executing the movement (including timing and sequencing of movement)
when should augmented interventions be implemented? (3)
(1) lacking voluntary movement
(2) insufficient motor recovery
(3) difficulty initiating or sustaining movement
when implementing NDT treatment, should the patient be actively participating or not?
NDT requires active participation by the patient
what do each of the 5 body segments require from a stability or mobility standpoint?
(1) head and neck: mobility
(2) upper trunk: stability
(3) lower trunk: mobility
(4) UE: mobility
(5) LE: mobility
what should be the primary cueing used for NDT?
light touch; facilitate movement by guiding and handling the patient with light touch (allow time for muscles to activate and patient to respond)
what are the variables to consider when selecting an outcome measure? (5)
(1) dimension (which aspect of the ICF is the focus)
(2) format (performance vs. self-report)
(3) reliability
(4) validity
(5) feasibility
what does the Romberg OM assess? what about the sharpened Romberg?
(1) Romberg: static standing balance
2) Sharpened: static standing balance (tandem stance
what does the BERG balance scale assess?
static and dynamic balance
what does the Tinetti assess?
Balance (static / dynamic) AND Gait
what does the functional reach assess?
quick standing balance screen
what does the modified functional reach assess?
quick sitting balance screen
what does the TUG assess?
quick screen of dynamic balance and mobility in elderly
what does the 6 minute walk test assess?
endurance (functional capacity)
what does the 10 meter walk assess?
functional mobility
what does the dynamic gait index assess?
dynamic gait
what does the PASS (Postural Assessment for Stroke Patients) assess?
acute stroke postural assessment
what does the Fugl-Meyer assess?
motor recovery following CVA
what is the STREAM and what does it assess?
(1) Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement
(2) common ADLs following CVA
what does the Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment assess?
split into two sections: impairment and function (following CVA)
what is the SIS and what does it assess?
(1) Stroke Impact Scale
(2) self-report scale to assess functional recovery following a CVA
if a patient appears depressed about their diagnosis (such as a stroke), what are some strategies to implement during treatment?
change the environment or implement activities that the patient enjoys into therapy
what are the FIM levels and what is the level of assistance required at each level?
7 - Independent 6 - Modified Independent 5 - SGA (Supervision) 4 - Min Assistance (Contact Guard Assistance) 3 - Mod Assistance (50% A) 2 - Max Assistance (50-75% A) 1 - Dependent (>75% A OR use of > 1 person) 0 - Task not performed on Eval
when are FIM scores taken?
(1) always taken at evaluation and discharge
(2) sometimes taken every time the patient is seen
what are 3 main factors that contribute to gait performance?
(1) progression
(2) stability (postural control)
(3) adaptation
what are the functional tasks of gait? (3)
(1) weight acceptance
(2) single limb stance
(3) swing limb advancement
what is required during midstance of the gait cycle?
(1) coordination of extensors
(2) co-contraction of foot PF and DF
what is required during terminal stance of the gait cycle?
(1) forward / lateral weight shift
(2) co-contraction of the extensors
how much knee and hip flexion is required during the swing phase of gait to clear the foot?
(1) 35-60 degrees of knee flexion
(2) 0-30 degrees of hip flexion
