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BIOL 2220 > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

Observation and Monitoring

A

benefits: observe organisms in natural ecosystem
limitations: lacks control; multiple factors considered

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2
Q

Natural Experiment

A

benefits: natural spatial/temporal scale
limitations: lack of replication/control; lucky data

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3
Q

Manipulative Field Experiment

A

benefits: direct test of predictions; natural ecosystem
limitations: altering natural ecosystem; lack of replication

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4
Q

Manipulative Artificial Experiment

A

benefits: well controlled, replicable; tests magnitude
limitations: not real ecosystem; temporal/spatial limitations

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5
Q

Conceptual Modeling

A

benefits: qualitative
limitations: reduces complexity; not real ecosystem

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6
Q

Mathematical Modeling

A

benefits: quantitative
limitations: reduces complexity; not real system

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7
Q

What 4 things determine global climate?

A

Tilt, Orbit, Rotation, and Shape

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8
Q

Earth is tilted at a ___° angle.

A

23.5°

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9
Q

Energy from the sun is most intense at the ______.

A

equator

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10
Q

Where are Hadley cells found?

A

Between 0° and 30°

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11
Q

Where are Ferrel cells found?

A

Between 30° and 60°

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12
Q

Where are Polar cells found?

A

Between 60° and the poles

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13
Q

Which direction does water flow in the northern hemisphere?

A

Clockwise

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14
Q

Which direction does water flow in the southern hemisphere?

A

counter-clockwise

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15
Q

What % of water is in the oceans?

A

97

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16
Q

What % of water is in the ice caps?

A

2

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17
Q

What % of water is freshwater?

A

1

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18
Q

What is the turnover time of water in the atmosphere?

A

9 days

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19
Q

What is the turnover time of water in the rivers?

A

12-20 days

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20
Q

What is the turnover time of water in the oceans?

A

3,100 years

21
Q

Air masses in the northern hemisphere tend to deflect toward the _____.

A

Right

22
Q

Air masses in the southern hemisphere tend to deflect toward the _____.

A

Left

23
Q

Biomes

A

repeatable patterns of climate and vegetation type

24
Q

Anthromes

A

repeatable patterns of human land use

25
Q

Euphotic Zone

A

Up to 200 m depth; Most life

26
Q

Dyphotic Zone

A

200m-1000m; no plants

27
Q

Aphotic Zone

A

1000m- ; No light

28
Q

Thermocline

A

Steep change in temperature marked by a layer above and below.

29
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

synthesis of organic materials using energy from inorganic chemicals. Feeds most deep sea food webs

30
Q

Estuaries

A

transition region between seas and rivers

31
Q

Freshwater wetlands

A

transition regions between land and freshwater

32
Q

Salt Marshes

A

transition region between land and sea

33
Q

Mangrove Forest

A

transition region between land and sea or land and river

34
Q

Basin

A

Area that is drained by a river

35
Q

Flow is _____ in tropical/arid rivers and _____ in temperate forests.

A

variable; constant

36
Q

[Oxygen] is highest in ____(warm/cold) water.

A

cold

37
Q

Lake

A

depression in a landscape caused by glaciers, volcanoes, or tectonics and filled with water.

38
Q

Epilimnion

A

top layer of a lake where most light is visible

39
Q

Metalimnion

A

Middle layer of a lake. Often where the thermocline is

40
Q

Hypolimnion

A

Bottom layer of a lake. Dark, cold.

41
Q

Oligotrophic

A

Low levels of nutrients and relatively unproductive

42
Q

Eutrophic

A

High levels of nutrients, very productive. May often be low in Oxygen

43
Q

Adaptation

A

When an organism or species becomes better at dealing with their environment

44
Q

Evolution

A

Development and diversification of species over time.

45
Q

Mutation

A

a random change in the base sequence of the genetic material

46
Q

Genetic Drift

A

change in allele frequency within a population from chance events.

47
Q

Gene Flow

A

succesful movement of alleles from one population to another.

48
Q

Directional Selection

A

when natural selection favors the evolution of one extreme phenotype, such that the mean phenotype shifts in one direction along a range of phenotypes.

49
Q

Heritability

A

the proportion of the variation in that trait that is due to genetic variation

BIOL 2220 (1 decks)

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