Exam I Flashcards
The name of a parasite that infects dogs and cats all around the world. Indirect life cycle, L3 infective, adults are in the stomach, paratenic hosts include birds/snakes, with eggs that are more oval than elongated as well as hard to float.
Physaloptera
This parasite can cause bone changes such as osteosarcomas, spondylosis, and osteopathy of long bones in addition to esophageal granulomas. Indirect life cycle with a dung beetle as an intermediate host. What is it and what is the host?
Spirocerca lupi
Carnivores like dogs and big cats
What are the main characteristics of parasites in the Spirurida Order?
Indirect life cycles
Insect Intermediate host
What does mff stand for?
Microfilariae
What is the scientific name for heartworm and what are the hosts? Location in host? Intermediate host? Infective stage?
Dirofilaria immitis
Dogs, cats, and other mammals
Mosquitoes
L3
When would you use a Baermann? In which parasites would a Baermann be useful during diagnosis?
When you want to recover larval stages; larvae can’t swim so they sink to bottom.
Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri Dictyocaulus viviparous Dictyocaulus filarial Muellerius spp. Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Which parasites have an infective stage of L3 inside of an egg?
Toxocara
Ascaris
Parascaris
Which parasites have an infective stage of L2 inside of an egg?
Ascaridia
Heterakis
Which parasites have larvae with a kinked tail?
Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri (dogs) Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (cats) Muellerius spp. (sheep/goats)
Which parasites have larvae with a straight tails?
Dictyocaulus viviparous
Dictyocaulus filarial
What if the difference between saying coccidiasis versus coccidiosis?
The -iasis implies that the parasite is present while the -iosis implies that the parasite is causing disease.
What stage parasite do you usually look for when performing a necropsy?
The adult
Which parasites have an infective stage as an egg with an infective larvae?
The ascarids
Toxocara canis Toxocara cati Toxascaris leonina Parascaris equorum Ascaris Suum Ascaridia spp.
Which two parasites are associated with weanling calves?
Cooperia spp. and Ostertagia Ostertagi
Which parasites can cause larva migrans cutaneous in humans?
Ancylostoma braziliense
Ancylostoma caninum
Uncinaria stenocephala
Which parasites can cause larva migrans visceral in humans?
Toxocara canis
Toxocara cati
Baylisascaris procyonis
Which parasites in ruminants have adults that do not produce many eggs?
Trichostrongylus spp.
Ostertagia Ostertagia
Nematodirus spp.
In which large animal parasites is it easy to see the adult stage during necropsy?
Haemonchus
Oesophagostomum
Why is it difficult to diagnose Ostertagiasis in cattle during larval arrest?
Arrested L4 can not be seen or sampled.
What are the names of the five different chemical groups of broad-spectrum anthelmintics?
Benzimidazoles Imidazothiazoles Macrocyclic lactones Amino-acetonitrile derivatives Spiroindoles
Which parasites of sheep and goats are very resistant to anthelmintics?
Haemonchus contortus
Trichostrongylus spp.
Ostertagia spp.
What kind of test can be done in order to determine the gravity of resistance in a parasite population? Explain the test. How would you get the actual count of eggs?
(FECRT) Fecal egg count reduction test which measures the likelihood of resistance.
Mcmaster.
A control and a treatment group are created from the feces of 20 randomly selected animals. Samples are collected before and after treatment. Pre and post egg counts are compared and resistance is suspected if reduction output after dosing is less than 95%.
(Pre treatment FEC- Post treatment FEC) divided by Pre Treatment FEC ALL multiplied by 100.
What five points are part of the five point check? What is this used for?
It is used for selective treatment ( treating high shedding, suffering animals only) and trains farmers to look for parasite infections.
- FAMACHA
- Body condition score
- DAG
- Bottle Jaw
- Nose Bots in sheep/ Hair and Coat in goats
T/F High shedding of eggs always equal disease.
False
What can fecal egg counts not do?
Mathematically correlate to worm numbers
Mathematically correlate to severity of disease
Distinguish many eggs
What is periparturient rise? Why is this important?
When a mother is about to conceive, is conceiving, and after giving birth, her immunity decreases allowing the adult female parasite to produce more eggs.
Egg counts do not correlate with how many adults are in the host.
Which parasite involved L1 with no eggs ( that you will see) Infecting all hosts and with dogs at around 6 months of age?
Filaroides (Oslerus) osleri
Which parasites cause poor sow syndrome?
What are the clinical signs of this syndrome?
Oesophagostomum spp.
Hyostrongylus rubidus
NO DIARRHEA
Inappetance
Weight Loss
Anemia
What parasite causes damage to a cattle’s abomasum mucosa that makes it impossible to digest protein? What stage is causing this damage?
Ostertagia Ostertagi
L4 arrest and L5 emergence
Type I Ostertagia Ostertagi is associated with ______ morbidity and ________ mortality, while Type II is associated with _______ morbidity and _______mortality. Why?
Summer Type I: high and low
Winter Type II: low and high
Type I involves calves during their first grazing season leads to emergence over an extended period of time. After a while, damage is more than they can repair, but can be treated well within three days after seeing watery diarrhea (Put them on a new pasture).
Type II involves same calves with L4 arresting and not restarting until spring. Synchronized emergence of L5 all at the same time which causes massive damage ( not enough clinical signs or eggs)…more bottle jaw.
What is the treatment for Ostertagia ostertagi?
Treat calves with drug that is effective against arrested L4 and adults before the emergence at spring.
Put cattle on clean pasture at the end of the grazing season.
What parasite causes “moroccan leather”?
Ostertagia ostertagi or the Brown Stomach Worm
Oesophagostomum affects which species of animals and where can the adults be found in the body?
Cattle, Sheep, Goats, Swine
Large intestine and sometimes in the small intestine (cattle)
Would egg counts be low or high with a Type II Ostertagia ostertagi infection?
Low due to arrested L4 and not enough time for adults to become sexually mature.
How would you diagnose Ostertagia ostertagi?
Look at pepsinogen levels Culture an egg to L3 Necropsy Season Clinical signs Grazing history
Which parasites have adults that produced a bunch of eggs?
Cyathostomes ( small strongyles)
Ascaris Summ
Which parasites are essential for animals to be exposed to so that immunity is acquired?
Ostertagia Ostertagi
Which species of animals have PPR?
Sheep, Goats, Swine
Hyostrongylus spp. causes the clinical sign of _________ in swine, while Ostertagia Ostertagi causes the clinical sign of __________ in cattle.
Hemorrhaging
Diarrhea
What is the name of the parasite that infects the abomasum of sheep/goats, but does not cause the same level of severity of clinical signs as Ostertagi Ostertagi?
Teladorsagia circumcincta
What are the three types of Haemonchus contortus infection? What are their characteristics?
Hyperacute haemonchosis: hemorrhagic gastritis
Acute hemorrhagic anemia: bottle jaw and lethargy
Chronic haemonchosis: weight loss and weakness
