Exam I

Question 1

At what stage of meiosis I is the primary oocyte arrested in until puberty?

Answer 1

Prophase I

Question 2

At what stage of meiosis II is the secondary oocyte arrested in until fertilization?

Answer 2

Metaphase II; If ovulation occurs, the oocyte leaves while still being arrested in Metaphase II

Question 3

When does embryogenesis begin?

Answer 3

At the start of mitotic division of the zygote

Question 4

Symptoms: broad shoulders and wide back; what’s the disorder?

Answer 4

Turner’s Syndrome (XO)

Question 5

Symptoms: male with developing breast

Answer 5

Klinefelter’s (XXY)

Question 6

Fetal period timeline

Answer 6

Remaining weeks of development; 9-38

Question 7

Embryonic period timeline

Answer 7

Weeks 3-8 (Critical period with congenital problems) Cleavage, Gastrulation, Organogenesis

Question 8

Pre-embryonic period timeline

Answer 8

Weeks 1 and 2

Question 9

Inner cell mass is also known as the

Answer 9

Embryoblast

Question 10

The name of the structure that implants:

Answer 10

Blastocyst

Question 11

XE Mesoderm is derived from where?

Answer 11

Epiblast and yolk sac

Question 12

XE Mesoderm is located in between what layers?

Answer 12

Cytotrophoblast and the yolk sac

Question 13

XE Mesoderm important for what?

Answer 13

Will be important for the fetal-maternal interface (placenta)

Question 14

Chorion contains what 3 layers?

Answer 14

Cytotrophoblast Syncytiotrophoblast XE mesoderm (fetal contribution to the placenta)

Question 15

The beginning of gastrulation

Answer 15

Primitive streak

Question 16

Nonseparation of primitive streak results in:

Answer 16

Conjoined Twins

Question 17

When a newborn is born and contains a tumor-like sac consisting of mixtures of cells/germ layers is the result of:

Answer 17

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (remnants of the primitive streak)

Question 18

Baby has underdeveloped hind ends and the mother has diabetes

Answer 18

Caudal dysgenesis (abnormal gastrulation)

Question 19

Baby’s lower limbs are attached (mermaid) and mother has diabetes

Answer 19

Caudal dysplasia (abnormal gastrulation)

Question 20

Where does the notochord come from?

Answer 20

Replaces the primitive streak

Question 21

The notochord induces what

Answer 21

Neurulation

Question 22

What is the primary inducer for the early embryo and what does it induce to form what?

Answer 22

The notochord, which induces the ectoderm to form the neural plate and neural tube

Question 23

What is neurulation?

Answer 23

Induction of the Nervous system (neural tube)

Question 24

What does the ectoderm separate into during neurulation?

Answer 24

Neuroectoderm and Epithelial ectoderm

Question 25

Neuroectoderm differentiates into?

Answer 25

Neural tube -\> CNS and Neural crest -\> melanin and PNS

Question 26

Surface Ectoderm differentiates into?

Answer 26

Skin, nails, hair, etc.

Question 27

Disease of melanocytes causes:

Answer 27

Albanism Vitiligo Piebaldism (XMen lock) Nystagmus (eye condition)

Question 28

What is caudal neuropore?

Answer 28

Failure of closure of the vertebral column (spinal bifida)

Question 29

Condition where the dura and arachnoid matter protrude?

Answer 29

Spinal meningocele

Question 30

Condition where neural tissue, dura and arachnoid protrude?

Answer 30

Spinal meningomyelocele

Question 31

What are the endocrine functions of the placenta?

Answer 31

Secretes E&P

Question 32

Ganglia and function of Occulomotor nerve for Parasympathetics is?

Answer 32

Ciliary for pupil restriction and vision accomodation

Question 33

Parasympathetic Ganglia and function of CN VII is?

Answer 33

Pterygopalatine ganglion - lacrimal gland, nasal and oral cavity Submandibular/sublingual ganglion - saliva

Question 34

CN IX Parasympathetic ganglia and function is?

Answer 34

Otic; parotid glands (saliva)

Question 35

CN X Parasympathetic ganglia and function is?

Answer 35

No ganglia! Just contains multiple terminal and intramural ganglia (heart, bronchi, etc.)

Question 36

What is the most rostral nerve?

Answer 36

CN I; Olfactory

Question 37

What is the most caudal nerve?

Answer 37

CN XII

Question 38

If a muscle has Tensor in its name, what nerve is it innervated by?

Answer 38

CN V (Trigeminal)

Question 39

What's a deep petrosal nerve?

Answer 39

The cerival ganglion of the sympathetics

Question 40

Motor function of CN XII?

Answer 40

Muscles of tongue except palatglossus

Question 41

General sensory function of CN VII

Answer 41

Ear (facial)

Question 42

Branchial motor function of CN VII

Answer 42

1. Stapedius 2. Stylohyoid 3. Facial expression = buccinator, platysma and occipitalis muscles 4. Posterior belly of digastric muscles

Question 43

Special sensory function of CN VII

Answer 43

Anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 44

Visceral motor function of CN VII?

Answer 44

* Gland stimulation (lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual) * Nose mucous membrane * Hard and soft palates

Question 45

Branchial motor function of CN IX?

Answer 45

Stylopharyngeus of the tongue

Question 46

Visceral motor function of CN IX?

Answer 46

Otic ganglion (parotid gland)

Question 47

General sensory function of CN IX?

Answer 47

1. Posterior 1/3 of tongue 2. Ear

Question 48

Special sensory function of CN IX?

Answer 48

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 49

Visceral sensory function of CN IX?

Answer 49

Blood chemisty and carotid body/sinus

Question 50

Which nerves supply general sensation to the ear? (3)

Answer 50

1. Facial 2. Glossopharyngeal 3. Vagus

Question 51

Branchial motor function for CN X

Answer 51

Pharynx and larynx

Question 52

Visceral motor function of CN X

Answer 52

Gut

Question 53

Visceral sensory function for CN X?

Answer 53

Larynx, trachea, esophagus

Question 54

General sensory function of CN X

Answer 54

Ear