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Exam I Weak Points KCUMB-Erin > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

At what stage of meiosis I is the primary oocyte arrested in until puberty?

A

Prophase I

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2
Q

At what stage of meiosis II is the secondary oocyte arrested in until fertilization?

A

Metaphase II; If ovulation occurs, the oocyte leaves while still being arrested in Metaphase II

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3
Q

When does embryogenesis begin?

A

At the start of mitotic division of the zygote

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4
Q

Symptoms: broad shoulders and wide back; what’s the disorder?

A

Turner’s Syndrome (XO)

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5
Q

Symptoms: male with developing breast

A

Klinefelter’s (XXY)

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6
Q

Fetal period timeline

A

Remaining weeks of development; 9-38

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7
Q

Embryonic period timeline

A

Weeks 3-8 (Critical period with congenital problems) Cleavage, Gastrulation, Organogenesis

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8
Q

Pre-embryonic period timeline

A

Weeks 1 and 2

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9
Q

Inner cell mass is also known as the

A

Embryoblast

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10
Q

The name of the structure that implants:

A

Blastocyst

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11
Q

XE Mesoderm is derived from where?

A

Epiblast and yolk sac

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12
Q

XE Mesoderm is located in between what layers?

A

Cytotrophoblast and the yolk sac

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13
Q

XE Mesoderm important for what?

A

Will be important for the fetal-maternal interface (placenta)

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14
Q

Chorion contains what 3 layers?

A

Cytotrophoblast Syncytiotrophoblast XE mesoderm (fetal contribution to the placenta)

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15
Q

The beginning of gastrulation

A

Primitive streak

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16
Q

Nonseparation of primitive streak results in:

A

Conjoined Twins

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17
Q

When a newborn is born and contains a tumor-like sac consisting of mixtures of cells/germ layers is the result of:

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (remnants of the primitive streak)

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18
Q

Baby has underdeveloped hind ends and the mother has diabetes

A

Caudal dysgenesis (abnormal gastrulation)

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19
Q

Baby’s lower limbs are attached (mermaid) and mother has diabetes

A

Caudal dysplasia (abnormal gastrulation)

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20
Q

Where does the notochord come from?

A

Replaces the primitive streak

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21
Q

The notochord induces what

A

Neurulation

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22
Q

What is the primary inducer for the early embryo and what does it induce to form what?

A

The notochord, which induces the ectoderm to form the neural plate and neural tube

23
Q

What is neurulation?

A

Induction of the Nervous system (neural tube)

24
Q

What does the ectoderm separate into during neurulation?

A

Neuroectoderm and Epithelial ectoderm

25
Q

Neuroectoderm differentiates into?

A

Neural tube -> CNS and Neural crest -> melanin and PNS

26
Q

Surface Ectoderm differentiates into?

A

Skin, nails, hair, etc.

27
Q

Disease of melanocytes causes:

A

Albanism Vitiligo Piebaldism (XMen lock) Nystagmus (eye condition)

28
Q

What is caudal neuropore?

A

Failure of closure of the vertebral column (spinal bifida)

29
Q

Condition where the dura and arachnoid matter protrude?

A

Spinal meningocele

30
Q

Condition where neural tissue, dura and arachnoid protrude?

A

Spinal meningomyelocele

31
Q

What are the endocrine functions of the placenta?

A

Secretes E&P

32
Q

Ganglia and function of Occulomotor nerve for Parasympathetics is?

A

Ciliary for pupil restriction and vision accomodation

33
Q

Parasympathetic Ganglia and function of CN VII is?

A

Pterygopalatine ganglion - lacrimal gland, nasal and oral cavity Submandibular/sublingual ganglion - saliva

34
Q

CN IX Parasympathetic ganglia and function is?

A

Otic; parotid glands (saliva)

35
Q

CN X Parasympathetic ganglia and function is?

A

No ganglia! Just contains multiple terminal and intramural ganglia (heart, bronchi, etc.)

36
Q

What is the most rostral nerve?

A

CN I; Olfactory

37
Q

What is the most caudal nerve?

A

CN XII

38
Q

If a muscle has Tensor in its name, what nerve is it innervated by?

A

CN V (Trigeminal)

39
Q

What’s a deep petrosal nerve?

A

The cerival ganglion of the sympathetics

40
Q

Motor function of CN XII?

A

Muscles of tongue except palatglossus

41
Q

General sensory function of CN VII

A

Ear (facial)

42
Q

Branchial motor function of CN VII

A
  1. Stapedius
  2. Stylohyoid
  3. Facial expression = buccinator, platysma and occipitalis muscles
  4. Posterior belly of digastric muscles
43
Q

Special sensory function of CN VII

A

Anterior 2/3 of tongue

44
Q

Visceral motor function of CN VII?

A
  • Gland stimulation (lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual)
  • Nose mucous membrane
  • Hard and soft palates
45
Q

Branchial motor function of CN IX?

A

Stylopharyngeus of the tongue

46
Q

Visceral motor function of CN IX?

A

Otic ganglion (parotid gland)

47
Q

General sensory function of CN IX?

A
  1. Posterior 1/3 of tongue
  2. Ear
48
Q

Special sensory function of CN IX?

A

Posterior 1/3 of tongue

49
Q

Visceral sensory function of CN IX?

A

Blood chemisty and carotid body/sinus

50
Q

Which nerves supply general sensation to the ear? (3)

A
  1. Facial
  2. Glossopharyngeal
  3. Vagus
51
Q

Branchial motor function for CN X

A

Pharynx and larynx

52
Q

Visceral motor function of CN X

A

Gut

53
Q

Visceral sensory function for CN X?

A

Larynx, trachea, esophagus

54
Q

General sensory function of CN X

A

Ear

Exam I Weak Points KCUMB-Erin (2 decks)

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