Exam I Flashcards
Substances intended for use in curing, treating, mitigating, diagnosing, or preventing disease.
Drugs
The product by which a drug is given or administered. (e.g. tablets, capsules, ointments, etc)
Drug dosage form (drug product)
The release of the drug substances from the drug product.
Drug performance
Biopharmaceutics examines the interrelationship of what three things?
- Physical/chemical properties of the drug
- dosage form
- rate and extent of absorption
Repulsive and attractive forces are equal, potential energy is minimum, and the system is most stable at __ to __ angstroms.
3 to 4
Nonionic interaction or charge-charge interaction between molecules
Van der Waals forces
Are Van der Waals forces strong or weak?
weak
Involves a dispersion of charge across a molecule called dipole or permanent dipole
Van der Waals forces
Three types of van der waals forces:
- Keesom
- Debye
- London
Type of force that arises due to differences in electronegativity (e.g. peptide bond)
Permanent dipole
Force between two permanent dipoles when interacting with one another in an ion-like fashion.
Keesom forces
Ability of a permanent dipole to polarize charge in neighboring molecule
Debye forces
Two neighboring neutral molecules induce partial charge distribution
London forces
Interaction between the pi-electron orbitals in a system.
Orbital overlap
Attraction forces that occur between polar or non-polar molecules and ions
Ion-Dipole and Ion-Induced Dipole Forces
Cause the solubility of crystalline substances in water (cation attracts negative O and anion attracts positive H)
Ion-dipole interaction
Force involved in the formation of the iodid complex
Ion-induced dipole forces
Interaction that has effect on physical properties of pharmaceutical agents.
Ion-ion interaction
Interaction between a molecule containing a hydrogen atom and a strongly electronegative atom.
Hydrogen bond
When solids pass directly from solid to gaseous phase without melting at room temperature.
Sublimation
When gases pass directly from gaseous phase to solid phase.
Deposition
Dehydration process where the water is removed from solid state to vapor state using sublimation.
Lyophilization
How does lyophilization (freeze drying) work?
Reduced pressure
Can the liposome structure break?
Yes
How does the liposome structure break?
Temp, pH, changing solvent, etc
Which of the following is not charge-charge interaction? Keesom forces Debye forces Hydrogen bond London forces
Hydrogen bond
Transfer of material from gaseous state to solid state is defined as:
Deposition
Term used to describe the different crystalline forms of a drug substance.
Polymorphs
Cortisone acetate has __ polymorphic forms
5
Ranitidine Hcl has __ polymorphic forms
2
Mizolastine has __ polymorphic forms
3
Carbamazepine has __ polymorphic forms and ___
2; dihydrate
Use of nanoparticles in technology
Nanotechnology
One of the major characteristics on nanoparticles is what?
Enhanced surface area
What makes up a solution?
A solute and a solvent
What is the minor component in a solution (e.g. drug substance)
Solute
What is the major component of a solution (e.g. water, dissolution media)
Solvent
A homogenous mixture containing two or more components is what?
A solution
Moles of solute in 1 liter of soltuion
Molarity
Gram equivalent weight of solute in 1 liter of solution
Normality
Moles of solute in 1000 g of solvent
Molality
Ratio of the moles of one constituent of a solution to the total moles of all constituents.
Mole fraction
Gram of solute in 100g of solution
Percent by weight (w/w)
Mililiters of solute in 100 mL of solution
Percent by volume (v/v)
Grams of solute in 100 mL of solution
Percent by weight-in-volume (w/v)
Atomic weight divided by the valence
Equivalent weight
Solution which has no change in properties of the constituents other than dilution, when they are mixed to form the solution.
Ideal solution
A solution which has a change in properties of its constituents such as volume, heat when mixed.
Real solution
In an ideal solution, the partial vapor pressure of each volatile component is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure constituent multiplied by its mole fraction in the solution.
Roult’s Law
A-A, B-B, and A-B interactions are equal.
Roult’s Law
A-B interactions stronger than A-A or B-B interactions.
Negative deviation from Roult’s Law
A-B interactions weaker than A-A or B-B interactions
Positive deviation from Roult’s Law
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid.
Boiling point
