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New Testament II > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names and dates of the four major divisions of the First Christian Century

A

The Emerging Church (AD 30-41)
The Expanding Church (AD 41-54)
The Endangered Church (AD 54-70)
The Evolving Church (AD 70-135)

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2
Q

Give a major event that began and ended each of the 4 divisions.

A

Emerging (AD 30-41) - Begins @ Pentecost Acts 2, Ends with martyrdom of James

Expanding (AD 41-54) Stated with emperor Claudius escape of Peter from prison, Ends with death of Claudius (poisoned)

Endangered (AD 54-70) Begins with Nero, Ends with fall of Jerusalem

Evolving (AD 70-135)Post Temple Judaism starts, End of 2nd Jewish Revolt ends

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3
Q

During which of the four periods was ¾ of the NT written?

A

The Endangered Church (AD 54-70)

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4
Q

What is the kerygma?

A

Evangelistic preaching with the purpose of converting others to CHR

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5
Q

Who coined this term? “kerygma”

A

C.H. Dodd

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6
Q

What are the seven common points of the kerygma ?

A
  1. Jesus fulfilled the prophecies by coming to earth and establishing the new age
    2 Jesus is born of David’s seed
    3 Jesus died according to scripture
    4 Jesus was buried
    5 Jesus rose on the third day according to scripture
    6 Jesus exalted Jesus to His right hand
    7 Jesus will come again as judge and savior of mankind
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7
Q

Give seven characteristics of “the Way” as seen in Acts 2:1-5, 38-47

A

1 Baptism as outward sign of saving faith
2 Receiving the Holy Spirit is a sign of saving faith in Christ
3 Apostles performed signs and wonders
4. Church members shared possessions as each had need
5 Shared their faith daily at the temple
6 They ate meals together
7 They gathered for worship (ekklesia)

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8
Q

What was Paul’s background prior to his salvation?

A

A zealous Jew who persecuted Christians

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9
Q

What are key elements in his being a Jew & a Roman (T, N)?

A

Pharisee Hebrew of Hebrews who trained under Gamaliel in Jerusalem.

Born in Tarsus with inherited Roman citizenship and teaching

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10
Q

What are two actions through which Herod Agrippa I tried to gain Jewish favor (B, T, N)?

A

Being “overly” Jewish and persecuting CHR ( Martyr of James)

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11
Q

What was the pax Romana?

A

The Roman Peace conditions conducive to rapid expansion

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12
Q

Who started it? “pax Romana”

A

Augustus

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13
Q

When did it occur? “pax Romana”

A

30 BC - AD 180

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14
Q

What are some benefits from it in the spread of the gospel (T, N)? “pax Romana”

A

Vast effective road system
Peace from invaders and robbers on roads and seas
Increased commerce due to easier travel
Continued lingua franca of Greek

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15
Q

Who was the first true Roman emperor (T)?

A

Ceasar Augustus

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16
Q

What were his two names? “1st Roman emperor”

A

Augustus and Octavian

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17
Q

Name and describe three archeological evidences during Emperor Claudius’ reign that show the great expansion of Christianity during that time (N)?

A

1 Edict of Alexandria AD 46-47 - Forbade Jews from entering Alexandria due to angry reaction of unbelieving Jews or Zealots
2 Nazareth Inscription - forbade robbing of graves as a response to Jewish complaints of Tomb robbing (resurrection)
3 Edict of Claudius AD 49 bans Jews from Rome over tumult surrounding Chrestus

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18
Q

What are three threats faced by the Endangered Church (AD 54-70) (N)?

A

1 Angry militant Jews
2 The Roman Government
3 Heretical Teaching

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19
Q

Which Roman emperor led the first organized Roman persecution of Christians?

A

Nero

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20
Q

What did he blame them for doing (T, N)?

A

Starting the fire that decimated a large part of Rome

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21
Q

Give Ben Witherington’s four reasons for calling the mid-to-late 60s AD the period of “Christians under fire” (N).

A

1 People the linked CHR with Judaism were anti-semitic
2 Romans started considering CHR apart from ancient Judaism hurt social standing
3 Roman society considered Jews and CHR unsociable and unfriendly
4 Romans considered Jews and CHR as atheistic due to lack of belief in pantheon

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22
Q

Under which Roman emperor does church tradition say Peter and Paul were martyred (T, N)?

A

Nero

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23
Q

When was the first Jewish Revolt?

A

AD 66

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24
Q

When did the Romans destroy the Jewish temple?

A

AD 70

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25
Q

Who was the general in charge when the temple was destroyed?

A

Titus

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26
Q

Who were the sicarii (T, N)?

A

The dagger men who would stab roman soldiers and officials during the revolt

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27
Q

What three major changes did the Evolving Church undergo (N)?

A

1 Final break between CHR and Judaism
2 Church desired to canonize their writings
3 Church grew in its organized structure

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28
Q

What was Masada?

A

An ancient Jewish fort fortified by Herod the Great

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29
Q

What happened there (T)? “Masada”

A

Sicarri took it from the Romans during the first revolt overtaken again after the destruction of the temple

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30
Q

When was the Second Jewish Revolt?

A

AD 132-135

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31
Q

Who was Simon bar Cochba?

A

Jewish zealot that claimed to be the Messiah who led guerillas in the second revolt

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32
Q

What three actions did the Romans take after the Second Jewish Revolt to discourage a Jewish presence in Jerusalem (N)?

A

1 Ordered Jews out of Jerusalem
2 Razed the countryside of Palestine
3 Erected a pagan temple at the temple mount in Jerusalem site of 2nd temple

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33
Q

Which Roman emperor led the second organized Roman persecution of Christians (T, N)?

A

Domitian

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34
Q

What happened at Jamnia in AD 90 (N)?

A

Jews affirmed their writings as the only scriptural writings

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35
Q

Where was Paul when he became a Christian (B)?

A

On the road to Damascus/near Damascus

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36
Q

What physical problem did Paul experience on the road to Damascus, which led to his Christian conversion (B)?

A

Blindness

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37
Q

Name the 5 typical divisions of one of Paul’s epistles (N).

A 
1 Prescription
2 Thanksgiving
3 Body (Opening, doctrine, application)
4 Travel Log
5 Subscription
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38
Q

What is an amanuensis?

A

Professional scribe/secretary

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39
Q

Describe three ideas on how much control an amanuensis had who recorded a writing that became part of the NT (T, N).

A

1 They Had much freedom to change the wording
2 They only had some freedom (dynamic view)
3 They had no freedom had to write exactly as dictated

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40
Q

Know the following: papyrus, scroll, letter, epistle (T, N).

A

Papyrus - Cheap, plentiful writing material made from papyrus plant. 9.5 x 11 held 150-250 words
Scroll - Pages of papyrus joined end to end
Letter - Private Personal correspondence
Epistle - General and Public corresponding
(Little to no distinction)

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41
Q

What are the two categories by which Paul’s epistles are arranged in the NT (T, N)?

A

Letters to Churches (1st 9) and letters to individuals (last 4) by length

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42
Q

What is the difference between a writing which is anonymous and one which is pseudonymous?

A

One makes no claim to authorship

One falsely attributes authorship to someone else

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43
Q

Give five reasons many scholars claim some of the NT Pauline letters are pseudonymous writings.

A

1 Common practice

2 Holy Spirit is the Author

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44
Q

Give five arguments that say none of the NT Pauline letters are pseudonymous (T, N).

A 
1 Unethical due to lie
2 Living apostle would have denounced
3 No compelling evidence it exists
4 Very few examples exist
5 No motive for it
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45
Q

How many epistles did Paul write which appear in the NT (T, N)?

A

13

46
Q

Who were the Judaizers?

A

Jewish Christians or false teachers that claimed gentiles needed to practice Jewish customs for salvation

47
Q

Briefly share how did Paul answered the Judaizers in Galatians (T, B, N).

A

Hold

48
Q

Why did Paul rebuke Peter (Gal 2:11-16)? (B)

A

He was being hypocritical by eating with the Gentiles when alone and not eating with them when the Jews showed up. He led other astray by this.

49
Q

According to Galatians 2:16 (and the overall theme of Galatians) how is a person justified (B)?

A

By Faith in Christ

50
Q

What is the negative use of the law (3:19, 22)?

A

Show all wrongdoing is an offense to God

51
Q

What is the positive use (3:23-24)? (T, N)

A

as a tutor to bring all believers into an encounter with Christ

52
Q

What does Galatians 3:28 say about any racial, cultural, or sexual barriers among Christians (N)?

A

That these barriers are non-existence as to who can be saved. Salvation is open to everyone

53
Q

How was Jesus born “in the fullness of time” (Gal 4:4)? (T, N)

A

Events and culture aligned for the Gospel to spread and heightened expectation for the Messiah

54
Q

When Paul used Hagar, Ishmael, Sarah, & Isaac as examples, who do each represent (ch. 4)? (B, T)

A

Hagar and Ishmael represent represent the covenant at Sinai bearing children for slavery
Sarah and Isaac are children of promise and freedom

55
Q

What does Galatians say about a Christian being free in Christ (Gal 5:1, 13-14, 16)? (B, T, N)

A

You are free to walk in the Spirit and not gratify the desires of the flesh

56
Q

What are the fruit of the Spirit (Gal 5:22-23)? Describe them as a whole (N).

A

Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Faithfulness, Gentleness, and Self Control.
Characteristics that ought to be evident in every CHR

57
Q

In which epistle does Paul tell of his conversion and early experiences as a Christian (B)?

A

Galatians

58
Q

How did Paul describe his pastoral parental skills in dealing with the Thessalonians (1 Thess 2:7, 11)? (B)

A

Gentle like a nursing mother and encouraging as a concerned father

59
Q

Who several times prevented Paul from visiting the Thessalonians after his initial visit (1 Thess 2:18)? (B)

A

Satan

60
Q

Whom did Paul call his hope, joy, and crown of exultation (1 Thess 2:19)? (B)

A

The church of Thessalonica

61
Q

Whom did Paul send to strengthen and encourage the Christians at Thessalonica (1 Thess 3:2)? (B)

A

Timothy

62
Q

Who are the ones who are “asleep” according to 1 Thess 4:13-18 (B, T, N)?

A

Believers who have died before the return of Christ

63
Q

Why were the Christians at Thessalonica worried about the ones who were “asleep” (B, T, N)?

A

They thought Jesus was going to return before any Christians died. Worried they would miss ir

64
Q

How is it that “the dead in Christ shall rise first” (1 Thess 4:16)?

A

Hold

65
Q

How does this event fit with 2 Cor 5:8 saying that to absent in the body is to be present with the Lord? (B, N)

A

Hold

66
Q

What word do premillennialists use for the event when Christians are “snatched up” to meet Jesus Christ in the air at His return (1 Thess 4:17)? (T, N)

A

Rapture

67
Q

The epistles of 1-2 Thessalonians discuss eschatology. What is eschatology (T)?

A

Teachings the deal with the Final days/end times

68
Q

What is the “Day of the Lord,” and how will it “come like a thief in the night” (1 Thess 5:2)? (N)

A

Time of judgment for ungodly Jew and Gentile alike which will come suddenly and unexpectedly

69
Q

In 1 Thessalonians 5:5 to whom does the term “sons of light” and to whom does “sons of darkness” refer (B)?

A

Hold

70
Q

In how many things should a Christian give thanks?

A

All things

71
Q

What is the difference in giving thanks “in” and giving thanks “for” something (1 Thess 5:18)?

A

Allows for thankfulness despite the difficulty or evil of the situation as opposed to thanks for the thing itself

72
Q

What does a tripartite division of a human mean?

A

Each human is made up of three parts

73
Q

What are the three parts, and what does each one do (N)?

A

Body - Vessel for your being spirit and soul
Soul - personality, will, and emotion of a person
Spirit - Allows for communication and communion with God

74
Q

What was the problem in the church at Thessalonica that Paul tried to correct in 2 Thessalonians (2 Thess 2:2-3; 3:10-11)? (B)

A

The false idea that The Day of the Lord had started and they had missed it

75
Q

Describe the “man of lawlessness” or “lawless one” ?

A

Historical tool of satan that will depose all “gods”

76
Q

Give possibilities for identifying the “restrainer” in 2 Thess 2 (B, T, N)

A

Roman Government and Leaders, Paul’s missionary Preaching, The Bible, or The Holy Spirit

77
Q

What is the “apostasy” in 2 Thess 2:3 (T, N)?

A

Falling away of the people turning away from God

78
Q

Which Pauline epistle is the longest and most systematic (B, T)?

A

Romans

79
Q

When and from where was Romans written (T, N)?

A

Corinth in the Spring of AD 57

80
Q

Did Paul or Peter probably start the church at Rome?

A

No

81
Q

If not, who started the church (T, N)?

A

contrary to church tradition it is most likely jews converted at Pentecost

82
Q

Which two of Paul’s epistles did he write to a church he had not yet visited (T)?

A

Romans and Colossians

83
Q

What do the following terms mean: Lord, Jesus, & Christ (1:7) (T)?

A

Hold

84
Q

To whom did the gospel first go: Jews or Gentiles (1:16-17)? Why (B, N)?

A

Jews so in their rejection the Gentiles could accept it to fulfill prophecy

85
Q

What do the following terms mean: righteousness, justification, redemption, propitiation, & grace (3:24-26) (T, N)?

A

Hold

86
Q

How many people are sinners (Rom 3:23)?

A

All People

87
Q

Are Jews any less sinners than Gentiles (B)?

A

No

88
Q

How was Abraham justified (Rom 4:7, 9)?

A

By faith

89
Q

What does faith mean (B)?

A

Believing what God says to be true

90
Q

Name some blessings (benefits) of justification for the believer (5:1-11). (B, N)

A

Hold

91
Q

Baptism identifies the believer with what specific acts of Jesus (6:3-5)? (B)

A

Death, Burial, and Resurrection

92
Q

Contrast between Adam and Christ using a phrase for each chapter: 6, 7, & 8 (Lea shows it as 3 victories in Christ). (T, N)

A

sin righteousness
Law Grace
Death Life

93
Q

What are the various possibilities for identifying the struggle to which Paul referred in Romans 7:14-25 (N)?

A

Unregenerate pre salvation, autobiographical, all people

94
Q

Which position do you take?

A

Hold

95
Q

The wages of sin is _________________, but the free gift of God is ____________ ____________ in Jesus Christ our Lord (Rom 6:23, NASV). (B)

A

Death, Eternal Life

96
Q

Does Romans 8:28 teach that everything that happens to everyone is good? If not, what does it say (B)?

A

No - It says that God works everything (including the bad) for the good of those who love him and and are called according to his purpose

97
Q

Why was Israel rejected (Rom 9:30-33)? (B)

A

For their continued unbelief and rejection of God

98
Q

Who are the natural olive branches which are cut off (Rom 11:17)?

A

The unbelieving Jews

99
Q

Who are the wild branches which are grafted in (B)?

A

The believing gentiles

100
Q

What is “a partial hardening” (Rom. 11:25)?

A

Hold

101
Q

What is “the fullness of the Gentiles” (Rom 11:25)?

A

Hold

102
Q

What does it mean that “all Israel will be saved” (Rom 11:26)? (B, T, N)

A

Hold

103
Q

what are spiritual gifts?

A

Hold

104
Q

How do they differ from the fruit of the Spirit?

A

allfruit should be evident in all CHR while one or two gifts are

105
Q

What are the three main chapters in the NT listing spiritual gifts (N)?

A

Romans 12, 1 Corinthians 12,

106
Q

Who establishes governing authorities (Rom 13:1)? (B)

A

God does

107
Q

Should a Christian pay taxes and follow cultural practices (Rom 13:6-7)? (B)

A

In so far as they are not contrary to God’s commands

108
Q

What did Paul mean by, “Owe nothing to anyone except to love one another (Rom 13:8a, NASV)? (B, N).

A

Continually paying back love to others

109
Q

What were the three different practices between the “weak” and the “strong” groups in the church at Rome (Rom 14:2, 5, 21)? (B)

A

Eating meat sacrificed to idols, Holding special days, avoiding wine

110
Q

What missionary journey did Paul mention in Romans 15 that he hoped to take (but we have no record that he ever did take)? (B)

A

Trip to Spain

111
Q

Who was Phoebe (Rom 16:1-2)? (B, N)

A

Cnechrea

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