Exam I Flashcards
What are the names and dates of the four major divisions of the First Christian Century
The Emerging Church (AD 30-41)
The Expanding Church (AD 41-54)
The Endangered Church (AD 54-70)
The Evolving Church (AD 70-135)
Give a major event that began and ended each of the 4 divisions.
Emerging (AD 30-41) - Begins @ Pentecost Acts 2, Ends with martyrdom of James
Expanding (AD 41-54) Stated with emperor Claudius escape of Peter from prison, Ends with death of Claudius (poisoned)
Endangered (AD 54-70) Begins with Nero, Ends with fall of Jerusalem
Evolving (AD 70-135)Post Temple Judaism starts, End of 2nd Jewish Revolt ends
During which of the four periods was ¾ of the NT written?
The Endangered Church (AD 54-70)
What is the kerygma?
Evangelistic preaching with the purpose of converting others to CHR
Who coined this term? “kerygma”
C.H. Dodd
What are the seven common points of the kerygma ?
- Jesus fulfilled the prophecies by coming to earth and establishing the new age
2 Jesus is born of David’s seed
3 Jesus died according to scripture
4 Jesus was buried
5 Jesus rose on the third day according to scripture
6 Jesus exalted Jesus to His right hand
7 Jesus will come again as judge and savior of mankind
Give seven characteristics of “the Way” as seen in Acts 2:1-5, 38-47
1 Baptism as outward sign of saving faith
2 Receiving the Holy Spirit is a sign of saving faith in Christ
3 Apostles performed signs and wonders
4. Church members shared possessions as each had need
5 Shared their faith daily at the temple
6 They ate meals together
7 They gathered for worship (ekklesia)
What was Paul’s background prior to his salvation?
A zealous Jew who persecuted Christians
What are key elements in his being a Jew & a Roman (T, N)?
Pharisee Hebrew of Hebrews who trained under Gamaliel in Jerusalem.
Born in Tarsus with inherited Roman citizenship and teaching
What are two actions through which Herod Agrippa I tried to gain Jewish favor (B, T, N)?
Being “overly” Jewish and persecuting CHR ( Martyr of James)
What was the pax Romana?
The Roman Peace conditions conducive to rapid expansion
Who started it? “pax Romana”
Augustus
When did it occur? “pax Romana”
30 BC - AD 180
What are some benefits from it in the spread of the gospel (T, N)? “pax Romana”
Vast effective road system
Peace from invaders and robbers on roads and seas
Increased commerce due to easier travel
Continued lingua franca of Greek
Who was the first true Roman emperor (T)?
Ceasar Augustus
What were his two names? “1st Roman emperor”
Augustus and Octavian
Name and describe three archeological evidences during Emperor Claudius’ reign that show the great expansion of Christianity during that time (N)?
1 Edict of Alexandria AD 46-47 - Forbade Jews from entering Alexandria due to angry reaction of unbelieving Jews or Zealots
2 Nazareth Inscription - forbade robbing of graves as a response to Jewish complaints of Tomb robbing (resurrection)
3 Edict of Claudius AD 49 bans Jews from Rome over tumult surrounding Chrestus
What are three threats faced by the Endangered Church (AD 54-70) (N)?
1 Angry militant Jews
2 The Roman Government
3 Heretical Teaching
Which Roman emperor led the first organized Roman persecution of Christians?
Nero
What did he blame them for doing (T, N)?
Starting the fire that decimated a large part of Rome
Give Ben Witherington’s four reasons for calling the mid-to-late 60s AD the period of “Christians under fire” (N).
1 People the linked CHR with Judaism were anti-semitic
2 Romans started considering CHR apart from ancient Judaism hurt social standing
3 Roman society considered Jews and CHR unsociable and unfriendly
4 Romans considered Jews and CHR as atheistic due to lack of belief in pantheon
Under which Roman emperor does church tradition say Peter and Paul were martyred (T, N)?
Nero
When was the first Jewish Revolt?
AD 66
When did the Romans destroy the Jewish temple?
AD 70
Who was the general in charge when the temple was destroyed?
Titus
Who were the sicarii (T, N)?
The dagger men who would stab roman soldiers and officials during the revolt
What three major changes did the Evolving Church undergo (N)?
1 Final break between CHR and Judaism
2 Church desired to canonize their writings
3 Church grew in its organized structure
What was Masada?
An ancient Jewish fort fortified by Herod the Great
What happened there (T)? “Masada”
Sicarri took it from the Romans during the first revolt overtaken again after the destruction of the temple
When was the Second Jewish Revolt?
AD 132-135
Who was Simon bar Cochba?
Jewish zealot that claimed to be the Messiah who led guerillas in the second revolt
What three actions did the Romans take after the Second Jewish Revolt to discourage a Jewish presence in Jerusalem (N)?
1 Ordered Jews out of Jerusalem
2 Razed the countryside of Palestine
3 Erected a pagan temple at the temple mount in Jerusalem site of 2nd temple
Which Roman emperor led the second organized Roman persecution of Christians (T, N)?
Domitian
What happened at Jamnia in AD 90 (N)?
Jews affirmed their writings as the only scriptural writings
Where was Paul when he became a Christian (B)?
On the road to Damascus/near Damascus
What physical problem did Paul experience on the road to Damascus, which led to his Christian conversion (B)?
Blindness
Name the 5 typical divisions of one of Paul’s epistles (N).
1 Prescription 2 Thanksgiving 3 Body (Opening, doctrine, application) 4 Travel Log 5 Subscription
What is an amanuensis?
Professional scribe/secretary
Describe three ideas on how much control an amanuensis had who recorded a writing that became part of the NT (T, N).
1 They Had much freedom to change the wording
2 They only had some freedom (dynamic view)
3 They had no freedom had to write exactly as dictated
Know the following: papyrus, scroll, letter, epistle (T, N).
Papyrus - Cheap, plentiful writing material made from papyrus plant. 9.5 x 11 held 150-250 words
Scroll - Pages of papyrus joined end to end
Letter - Private Personal correspondence
Epistle - General and Public corresponding
(Little to no distinction)
What are the two categories by which Paul’s epistles are arranged in the NT (T, N)?
Letters to Churches (1st 9) and letters to individuals (last 4) by length
What is the difference between a writing which is anonymous and one which is pseudonymous?
One makes no claim to authorship
One falsely attributes authorship to someone else
Give five reasons many scholars claim some of the NT Pauline letters are pseudonymous writings.
1 Common practice
2 Holy Spirit is the Author
Give five arguments that say none of the NT Pauline letters are pseudonymous (T, N).
1 Unethical due to lie 2 Living apostle would have denounced 3 No compelling evidence it exists 4 Very few examples exist 5 No motive for it
How many epistles did Paul write which appear in the NT (T, N)?
13
Who were the Judaizers?
Jewish Christians or false teachers that claimed gentiles needed to practice Jewish customs for salvation
Briefly share how did Paul answered the Judaizers in Galatians (T, B, N).
Hold
Why did Paul rebuke Peter (Gal 2:11-16)? (B)
He was being hypocritical by eating with the Gentiles when alone and not eating with them when the Jews showed up. He led other astray by this.
According to Galatians 2:16 (and the overall theme of Galatians) how is a person justified (B)?
By Faith in Christ
What is the negative use of the law (3:19, 22)?
Show all wrongdoing is an offense to God
What is the positive use (3:23-24)? (T, N)
as a tutor to bring all believers into an encounter with Christ
What does Galatians 3:28 say about any racial, cultural, or sexual barriers among Christians (N)?
That these barriers are non-existence as to who can be saved. Salvation is open to everyone
How was Jesus born “in the fullness of time” (Gal 4:4)? (T, N)
Events and culture aligned for the Gospel to spread and heightened expectation for the Messiah
When Paul used Hagar, Ishmael, Sarah, & Isaac as examples, who do each represent (ch. 4)? (B, T)
Hagar and Ishmael represent represent the covenant at Sinai bearing children for slavery
Sarah and Isaac are children of promise and freedom
What does Galatians say about a Christian being free in Christ (Gal 5:1, 13-14, 16)? (B, T, N)
You are free to walk in the Spirit and not gratify the desires of the flesh
What are the fruit of the Spirit (Gal 5:22-23)? Describe them as a whole (N).
Love, Joy, Peace, Patience, Kindness, Faithfulness, Gentleness, and Self Control.
Characteristics that ought to be evident in every CHR
In which epistle does Paul tell of his conversion and early experiences as a Christian (B)?
Galatians
How did Paul describe his pastoral parental skills in dealing with the Thessalonians (1 Thess 2:7, 11)? (B)
Gentle like a nursing mother and encouraging as a concerned father
Who several times prevented Paul from visiting the Thessalonians after his initial visit (1 Thess 2:18)? (B)
Satan
Whom did Paul call his hope, joy, and crown of exultation (1 Thess 2:19)? (B)
The church of Thessalonica
Whom did Paul send to strengthen and encourage the Christians at Thessalonica (1 Thess 3:2)? (B)
Timothy
Who are the ones who are “asleep” according to 1 Thess 4:13-18 (B, T, N)?
Believers who have died before the return of Christ
Why were the Christians at Thessalonica worried about the ones who were “asleep” (B, T, N)?
They thought Jesus was going to return before any Christians died. Worried they would miss ir
How is it that “the dead in Christ shall rise first” (1 Thess 4:16)?
Hold
How does this event fit with 2 Cor 5:8 saying that to absent in the body is to be present with the Lord? (B, N)
Hold
What word do premillennialists use for the event when Christians are “snatched up” to meet Jesus Christ in the air at His return (1 Thess 4:17)? (T, N)
Rapture
The epistles of 1-2 Thessalonians discuss eschatology. What is eschatology (T)?
Teachings the deal with the Final days/end times
What is the “Day of the Lord,” and how will it “come like a thief in the night” (1 Thess 5:2)? (N)
Time of judgment for ungodly Jew and Gentile alike which will come suddenly and unexpectedly
In 1 Thessalonians 5:5 to whom does the term “sons of light” and to whom does “sons of darkness” refer (B)?
Hold
In how many things should a Christian give thanks?
All things
What is the difference in giving thanks “in” and giving thanks “for” something (1 Thess 5:18)?
Allows for thankfulness despite the difficulty or evil of the situation as opposed to thanks for the thing itself
What does a tripartite division of a human mean?
Each human is made up of three parts
What are the three parts, and what does each one do (N)?
Body - Vessel for your being spirit and soul
Soul - personality, will, and emotion of a person
Spirit - Allows for communication and communion with God
What was the problem in the church at Thessalonica that Paul tried to correct in 2 Thessalonians (2 Thess 2:2-3; 3:10-11)? (B)
The false idea that The Day of the Lord had started and they had missed it
Describe the “man of lawlessness” or “lawless one” ?
Historical tool of satan that will depose all “gods”
Give possibilities for identifying the “restrainer” in 2 Thess 2 (B, T, N)
Roman Government and Leaders, Paul’s missionary Preaching, The Bible, or The Holy Spirit
What is the “apostasy” in 2 Thess 2:3 (T, N)?
Falling away of the people turning away from God
Which Pauline epistle is the longest and most systematic (B, T)?
Romans
When and from where was Romans written (T, N)?
Corinth in the Spring of AD 57
Did Paul or Peter probably start the church at Rome?
No
If not, who started the church (T, N)?
contrary to church tradition it is most likely jews converted at Pentecost
Which two of Paul’s epistles did he write to a church he had not yet visited (T)?
Romans and Colossians
What do the following terms mean: Lord, Jesus, & Christ (1:7) (T)?
Hold
To whom did the gospel first go: Jews or Gentiles (1:16-17)? Why (B, N)?
Jews so in their rejection the Gentiles could accept it to fulfill prophecy
What do the following terms mean: righteousness, justification, redemption, propitiation, & grace (3:24-26) (T, N)?
Hold
How many people are sinners (Rom 3:23)?
All People
Are Jews any less sinners than Gentiles (B)?
No
How was Abraham justified (Rom 4:7, 9)?
By faith
What does faith mean (B)?
Believing what God says to be true
Name some blessings (benefits) of justification for the believer (5:1-11). (B, N)
Hold
Baptism identifies the believer with what specific acts of Jesus (6:3-5)? (B)
Death, Burial, and Resurrection
Contrast between Adam and Christ using a phrase for each chapter: 6, 7, & 8 (Lea shows it as 3 victories in Christ). (T, N)
sin righteousness
Law Grace
Death Life
What are the various possibilities for identifying the struggle to which Paul referred in Romans 7:14-25 (N)?
Unregenerate pre salvation, autobiographical, all people
Which position do you take?
Hold
The wages of sin is _________________, but the free gift of God is ____________ ____________ in Jesus Christ our Lord (Rom 6:23, NASV). (B)
Death, Eternal Life
Does Romans 8:28 teach that everything that happens to everyone is good? If not, what does it say (B)?
No - It says that God works everything (including the bad) for the good of those who love him and and are called according to his purpose
Why was Israel rejected (Rom 9:30-33)? (B)
For their continued unbelief and rejection of God
Who are the natural olive branches which are cut off (Rom 11:17)?
The unbelieving Jews
Who are the wild branches which are grafted in (B)?
The believing gentiles
What is “a partial hardening” (Rom. 11:25)?
Hold
What is “the fullness of the Gentiles” (Rom 11:25)?
Hold
What does it mean that “all Israel will be saved” (Rom 11:26)? (B, T, N)
Hold
what are spiritual gifts?
Hold
How do they differ from the fruit of the Spirit?
allfruit should be evident in all CHR while one or two gifts are
What are the three main chapters in the NT listing spiritual gifts (N)?
Romans 12, 1 Corinthians 12,
Who establishes governing authorities (Rom 13:1)? (B)
God does
Should a Christian pay taxes and follow cultural practices (Rom 13:6-7)? (B)
In so far as they are not contrary to God’s commands
What did Paul mean by, “Owe nothing to anyone except to love one another (Rom 13:8a, NASV)? (B, N).
Continually paying back love to others
What were the three different practices between the “weak” and the “strong” groups in the church at Rome (Rom 14:2, 5, 21)? (B)
Eating meat sacrificed to idols, Holding special days, avoiding wine
What missionary journey did Paul mention in Romans 15 that he hoped to take (but we have no record that he ever did take)? (B)
Trip to Spain
Who was Phoebe (Rom 16:1-2)? (B, N)
Cnechrea
