Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

How can we differentiate between a primary muscle disease and neuromuscular disease in our patient?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Patients with generalize muscle disease frequently present with _____.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

In addition to weakness, what are some other common clinical signs associated with generalized muscle disease?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A generalized muscle disease can be acquired or inherited. What are some general categories of an acquired muscle disease?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A generalized muscle disease can be acquired or inherited. What are some general categories of an inherited muscle disease?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

List some examples of acquired inflammatory myopathies.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is masticatory muscle myositis (MMM)?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the muscles of mastication in the canine.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with early masticatory muscle myositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the clinical presentation of a patient with late masticatory muscle myositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Your patient presents with clinical signs consistent with masticatory muscle myositis and is painful. What are your differentials?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Your patient presents with clinical signs consistent with masticatory muscle myositis and is non-painful. What are your differentials?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do we diagnose masticatory muscle myositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the treatment option for masticatory muscle myositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the prognosis for masticatory muscle myositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is canine idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the common clinical presentation for a patient with canine idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do we diagnose canine idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the treatment options for canine idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the prognosis for canine idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are your top differentials for a feline with cervical ventroflexion?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is feline idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the common clinical presentation of a cat with feline idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How do we diagnose feline idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the treatment options for feline idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the prognosis for a patient with feline idiopathic polymyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the clinical presentation for hypokalemic myopathy?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How do we diagnose hypokalemic myopathy?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the treatment for hypokalemic myopathy?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What is dermatomyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What kind of lesions are associated with dermatomyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How do we diagnose dermatomyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the treatment for dermatomyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the prognosis for a patient with dermatomyositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

What is fibrotic myopathy?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Describe the common clinical presentation for a patient with fibrotic myopathy.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Identify the anatomy of the medial thigh.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

How do we diagnose fibrotic myopathy?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What are the treatment options for a patient with fibrotic myopathy?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What is the prognosis for a patient with fibrotic myopathy?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

List the different kinds of endocrine/metabolic acquired myopathies.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What clinical signs might be seen in a dog with postpartum hypocalcemia?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Give a general overview of what tetanus is, the clinical signs and treatment for it.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

What is risus sardonicus?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

List the different inherited myopathies.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to inheritance?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to gender?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to age of onset?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to clinical signs?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to tendon reflexes?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to creatinine kinase levels?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to therapy?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to prognosis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Provide a brief overview of muscular dystrophy in cats.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

What is extraocular myositis?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Animals with a joint disease commonly present with a history of ____ or ____.

A

Lameness ; gait abnormality

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Lameness may involve one joint (typically _____ or _____) or multiple joints (_____, _____).

A

Traumatic, developmental ; degenerative or inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Disorders affecting the joint can either be ____ or ____.

A

Inflammatory or non-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Non-inflammatory joint diseases include ____.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Inflammatory joint diseases include _____.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

What are some characteristic signs of inflammatory joint diseases?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

What are some characteristic signs of non-inflammatory/degenerative joint diseases?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

What should you be assesses during your physical exam of a patient with a suspect joint disease?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain of the bones. What are your differentials?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain in the muscles. What are your differentials?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain in the neck. What are your differentials?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain in the spine. What are your differentials?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

During your physical exam you notice a decreased range of motion, crepitation and joint instability which suggests ______.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Where are some locations in the canine that you can assess and easily detect effusion?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

List the different diagnostic imaging modalities we can use to assess for joint pathology.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

Describe the use of radiography to assess joint pathology.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

Identify the anatomy in this radiography (normal).

73
Q

Identify the pathology in these radiographs.

74
Q

Identify the pathology in these radiographs.

75
Q

Identify the pathology in this CT.

76
Q

Describe the use of arthrocentesis and synovial fluid analysis as a diagnostic modalities for joint pathology.

77
Q

What does normal synovial fluid look like? What is its purpose?

78
Q

Identify the pathology based on the joint fluid appereance.

79
Q

What is being exemplified in this image relative to the synovial fluid?

80
Q

What are some cytological characteristics of normal synovial fluid?

81
Q

Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in normal synovial fluid cytology.

82
Q

Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in degenerative synovial fluid cytology.

83
Q

Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in a traumatic synovial fluid cytology.

84
Q

Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in a septic synovial fluid cytology.

85
Q

Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in a non-erosive immune synovial fluid cytology.

86
Q

Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in an erosive arthritis synovial fluid cytology.

87
Q

Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.

88
Q

Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.

89
Q

Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.

90
Q

Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.

91
Q

Identify the cells in this cytology slide.

92
Q

What are some other tests we can use to rule out systemic disease when we have a patient with joint pathology?

93
Q

Briefly differentiate between non-inflammatory and inflammatory joint disease.

94
Q

List some common infectionious joint disease differentials in the canine.

95
Q

List some common infectious joint disease differentials in the canine.

96
Q

List some common infectious joint disease differentials in the feline.

97
Q

What is DJD?

98
Q

____, ____, and ____ are the most commonly identified undervaluing causes of DJD.

99
Q

What clinical signs are associated with DJD?

100
Q

How can we prevent/treat patient with DJD?

101
Q

How does weight management act as prevention and treatment in patients with DJD?

102
Q

Draw out the COX-1 pathway.

103
Q

Draw out the COX-2 pathway.

104
Q

When using NSAIDs for the treatment of OA, we want to spare ____ and target ____.

A

COX-1 ; COX-2

105
Q

There should be a minimum ____ washout period between NSAIDs.

106
Q

List the different NSAIDs and their ability to target COX-2 over COX-1.

107
Q

What is the mechanism of tepoxalin?

108
Q

What is the mechanism of grapiprant?

109
Q

All NSAIDS have to potential to cause ____.

110
Q

COX-1 sparing NSAIDs are associated with ___ less GIT ulceration in humans and animal studies have yielded similar results.

111
Q

Use should use NSAIDs judiciously in patients with ____.

112
Q

Describe the use of managing OA in cats with NSAIDs.

113
Q

In general, what are the advantages of omega 6 fatty acids in the treatment of OA?

114
Q

Draw out the omega-6 pathway.

115
Q

Draw out the omega-3 pathway.

116
Q

List the different oral formulations that can be used as disease modifying OA agents.

117
Q

List the different injectable formulations that can be used as disease modifying OA agents.

118
Q

List the different opioids that can be used in the treatment of OA.

119
Q

List and describe the different novel adjunctives that can be used in the treatment of OA.

120
Q

Describe joint injections as a therapeutic agent for the OA.

121
Q

Describe synovetin as a therapeutic agent for the OA.

122
Q

Describe anti-NGF monoclonal antibodies as a therapeutic agent for the OA.

123
Q

What are the different routes of infection for septic arthritis?

124
Q

What is the most common agent(s) for septic arthritis in the canine?

125
Q

What is the most common agent(s) for septic arthritis in the feline?

126
Q

Describe the prevalence of septic arthritis in dogs vs. cats and males vs. females.

127
Q

Describe the prevalence of septic arthritis in dogs vs. cats and males vs. females.

128
Q

How do we diagnose septic arthritis?

129
Q

What is the treatment for septic arthritis?

130
Q

What etiologic agent is the causative agent of tick borne poly arthritis?

131
Q

What are the clinical signs of tick borne polyarthritis?

132
Q

How do we diagnose tick borne polyarthritis or Lyme?

133
Q

What is the treatment for tick borne polyarthritis (Lyme)?

134
Q

What is the treatment for tick borne polyarthritis (Lyme)?

135
Q

Describe the use of an ELISA test to confirm tuck borne polyarthritis or Lyme.

136
Q

What are the different treatment options for tick borne polyarthritis or Lyme?

137
Q

What are the different etiological agents responsible for rickettsial polyarthropathy?

138
Q

What are the most significant clinical signs associated with rickettsial polyarthropathy?

139
Q

How do we diagnose rickettsial polyarthropathy?

140
Q

How do we treat rickettsial polyarthropathy?

141
Q

The most common non-inflammatory joint disease of dogs and cats is ____.

142
Q

What is the most common inflammatory joint disease of cats?

143
Q

What is the most common inflammatory joint disease of dogs?

144
Q

Describe feline polyarthropathy.

145
Q

What is reactive polyarthropathy? List the causes.

146
Q

Idiopathic immune-mediate no erosive polyarthritis is diagnosed only by ruling out other causes of polyarthritis and its the most common form of poly arthritis in the ____.

147
Q

What are the clinical signs associated with idiopathic immune-mediate nonerosive polyarthritis?

148
Q

How do we diagnose IMPA?

149
Q

How do we treat IMPA?

150
Q

____ is the most commonly poly arthritis in the dog.

151
Q

List the most common developmental orthopedic diseases in the dog.

152
Q

What is canine hip dysplasia?

153
Q

What is the pathophysiology of CHD?

154
Q

How can we tell that this radiograph is normal?

155
Q

How can we tell that this radiograph is abnormal?

156
Q

How can we diagnose early hip dysplasia? Which is the gold standard?

158
Q

Describe the medical management of CHD.

159
Q

How can we prevent CHD?

160
Q

List the different diseases that encompass elbow dysplasia.

161
Q

What is the etiology and clinical signs associated with elbow dysplasia?

162
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of OC/OCD.

163
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of MCD (FCP).

164
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of UAP.

165
Q

Identify the anatomy.

166
Q

Describe the medical management of elbow dysplasia.

167
Q

How can we prevent elbow dysplasia?

168
Q

What is medial patellar luxation (MPL)?

169
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of MPL.

170
Q

List some of the common skeletal abnormalities associated with MPL.

171
Q

How do we surgically correctly MPLs?

172
Q

Describe the medical management of MPL.

173
Q

How can we prevent MPLs?

174
Q

What is osteochondrosis dessicans (OCD)?

175
Q

Describe shoulder OCD.

176
Q

What is panosteitis? What are the common predispositions?

177
Q

Describe the pathophysiology of panosteitis. What lesions are associated with this disease?

178
Q

Interpret the radiograph.

179
Q

Describe the medical management of panosteitis.