Exam I Flashcards
How can we differentiate between a primary muscle disease and neuromuscular disease in our patient?
Patients with generalize muscle disease frequently present with _____.
In addition to weakness, what are some other common clinical signs associated with generalized muscle disease?
A generalized muscle disease can be acquired or inherited. What are some general categories of an acquired muscle disease?
A generalized muscle disease can be acquired or inherited. What are some general categories of an inherited muscle disease?
List some examples of acquired inflammatory myopathies.
What is masticatory muscle myositis (MMM)?
Name the muscles of mastication in the canine.
What is the clinical presentation of a patient with early masticatory muscle myositis?
What is the clinical presentation of a patient with late masticatory muscle myositis?
Your patient presents with clinical signs consistent with masticatory muscle myositis and is painful. What are your differentials?
Your patient presents with clinical signs consistent with masticatory muscle myositis and is non-painful. What are your differentials?
How do we diagnose masticatory muscle myositis?
What are the treatment option for masticatory muscle myositis?
What is the prognosis for masticatory muscle myositis?
What is canine idiopathic polymyositis?
What is the common clinical presentation for a patient with canine idiopathic polymyositis?
How do we diagnose canine idiopathic polymyositis?
What are the treatment options for canine idiopathic polymyositis?
What is the prognosis for canine idiopathic polymyositis?
What are your top differentials for a feline with cervical ventroflexion?
What is feline idiopathic polymyositis?
What is the common clinical presentation of a cat with feline idiopathic polymyositis?
How do we diagnose feline idiopathic polymyositis?
What are the treatment options for feline idiopathic polymyositis?
What is the prognosis for a patient with feline idiopathic polymyositis?
What is the clinical presentation for hypokalemic myopathy?
How do we diagnose hypokalemic myopathy?
What is the treatment for hypokalemic myopathy?
What is dermatomyositis?
What kind of lesions are associated with dermatomyositis?
How do we diagnose dermatomyositis?
What is the treatment for dermatomyositis?
What is the prognosis for a patient with dermatomyositis?
What is fibrotic myopathy?
Describe the common clinical presentation for a patient with fibrotic myopathy.
Identify the anatomy of the medial thigh.
How do we diagnose fibrotic myopathy?
What are the treatment options for a patient with fibrotic myopathy?
What is the prognosis for a patient with fibrotic myopathy?
List the different kinds of endocrine/metabolic acquired myopathies.
What clinical signs might be seen in a dog with postpartum hypocalcemia?
Give a general overview of what tetanus is, the clinical signs and treatment for it.
What is risus sardonicus?
List the different inherited myopathies.
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to inheritance?
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to gender?
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to age of onset?
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to clinical signs?
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to tendon reflexes?
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to creatinine kinase levels?
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to therapy?
How does Labrador retriever myopathy and muscular dystrophy differ when it comes to prognosis?
Provide a brief overview of muscular dystrophy in cats.
What is extraocular myositis?
Animals with a joint disease commonly present with a history of ____ or ____.
Lameness ; gait abnormality
Lameness may involve one joint (typically _____ or _____) or multiple joints (_____, _____).
Traumatic, developmental ; degenerative or inflammatory
Disorders affecting the joint can either be ____ or ____.
Inflammatory or non-inflammatory
Non-inflammatory joint diseases include ____.
Inflammatory joint diseases include _____.
What are some characteristic signs of inflammatory joint diseases?
What are some characteristic signs of non-inflammatory/degenerative joint diseases?
What should you be assesses during your physical exam of a patient with a suspect joint disease?
During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain of the bones. What are your differentials?
During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain in the muscles. What are your differentials?
During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain in the neck. What are your differentials?
During your physical exam, you detect palpable pain in the spine. What are your differentials?
During your physical exam you notice a decreased range of motion, crepitation and joint instability which suggests ______.
Where are some locations in the canine that you can assess and easily detect effusion?
List the different diagnostic imaging modalities we can use to assess for joint pathology.
Describe the use of radiography to assess joint pathology.
Identify the anatomy in this radiography (normal).
Identify the pathology in these radiographs.
Identify the pathology in these radiographs.
Identify the pathology in this CT.
Describe the use of arthrocentesis and synovial fluid analysis as a diagnostic modalities for joint pathology.
What does normal synovial fluid look like? What is its purpose?
Identify the pathology based on the joint fluid appereance.
What is being exemplified in this image relative to the synovial fluid?
What are some cytological characteristics of normal synovial fluid?
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in normal synovial fluid cytology.
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in degenerative synovial fluid cytology.
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in a traumatic synovial fluid cytology.
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in a septic synovial fluid cytology.
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in a non-erosive immune synovial fluid cytology.
Identify the approximate WBC count and % PMN in an erosive arthritis synovial fluid cytology.
Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.
Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.
Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.
Analyze the synovial fluid cytology.
Identify the cells in this cytology slide.
What are some other tests we can use to rule out systemic disease when we have a patient with joint pathology?
Briefly differentiate between non-inflammatory and inflammatory joint disease.
List some common infectionious joint disease differentials in the canine.
List some common infectious joint disease differentials in the canine.
List some common infectious joint disease differentials in the feline.
What is DJD?
____, ____, and ____ are the most commonly identified undervaluing causes of DJD.
What clinical signs are associated with DJD?
How can we prevent/treat patient with DJD?
How does weight management act as prevention and treatment in patients with DJD?
Draw out the COX-1 pathway.
Draw out the COX-2 pathway.
When using NSAIDs for the treatment of OA, we want to spare ____ and target ____.
COX-1 ; COX-2
There should be a minimum ____ washout period between NSAIDs.
List the different NSAIDs and their ability to target COX-2 over COX-1.
What is the mechanism of tepoxalin?
What is the mechanism of grapiprant?
All NSAIDS have to potential to cause ____.
COX-1 sparing NSAIDs are associated with ___ less GIT ulceration in humans and animal studies have yielded similar results.
Use should use NSAIDs judiciously in patients with ____.
Describe the use of managing OA in cats with NSAIDs.
In general, what are the advantages of omega 6 fatty acids in the treatment of OA?
Draw out the omega-6 pathway.
Draw out the omega-3 pathway.
List the different oral formulations that can be used as disease modifying OA agents.
List the different injectable formulations that can be used as disease modifying OA agents.
List the different opioids that can be used in the treatment of OA.
List and describe the different novel adjunctives that can be used in the treatment of OA.
Describe joint injections as a therapeutic agent for the OA.
Describe synovetin as a therapeutic agent for the OA.
Describe anti-NGF monoclonal antibodies as a therapeutic agent for the OA.
What are the different routes of infection for septic arthritis?
What is the most common agent(s) for septic arthritis in the canine?
What is the most common agent(s) for septic arthritis in the feline?
Describe the prevalence of septic arthritis in dogs vs. cats and males vs. females.
Describe the prevalence of septic arthritis in dogs vs. cats and males vs. females.
How do we diagnose septic arthritis?
What is the treatment for septic arthritis?
What etiologic agent is the causative agent of tick borne poly arthritis?
What are the clinical signs of tick borne polyarthritis?
How do we diagnose tick borne polyarthritis or Lyme?
What is the treatment for tick borne polyarthritis (Lyme)?
What is the treatment for tick borne polyarthritis (Lyme)?
Describe the use of an ELISA test to confirm tuck borne polyarthritis or Lyme.
What are the different treatment options for tick borne polyarthritis or Lyme?
What are the different etiological agents responsible for rickettsial polyarthropathy?
What are the most significant clinical signs associated with rickettsial polyarthropathy?
How do we diagnose rickettsial polyarthropathy?
How do we treat rickettsial polyarthropathy?
The most common non-inflammatory joint disease of dogs and cats is ____.
OA
What is the most common inflammatory joint disease of cats?
What is the most common inflammatory joint disease of dogs?
Describe feline polyarthropathy.
What is reactive polyarthropathy? List the causes.
Idiopathic immune-mediate no erosive polyarthritis is diagnosed only by ruling out other causes of polyarthritis and its the most common form of poly arthritis in the ____.
Dog
What are the clinical signs associated with idiopathic immune-mediate nonerosive polyarthritis?
How do we diagnose IMPA?
How do we treat IMPA?
____ is the most commonly poly arthritis in the dog.
List the most common developmental orthopedic diseases in the dog.
What is canine hip dysplasia?
What is the pathophysiology of CHD?
How can we tell that this radiograph is normal?
How can we tell that this radiograph is abnormal?
How can we diagnose early hip dysplasia? Which is the gold standard?
Describe the medical management of CHD.
How can we prevent CHD?
List the different diseases that encompass elbow dysplasia.
What is the etiology and clinical signs associated with elbow dysplasia?
Describe the pathophysiology of OC/OCD.
Describe the pathophysiology of MCD (FCP).
Describe the pathophysiology of UAP.
Identify the anatomy.
Describe the medical management of elbow dysplasia.
How can we prevent elbow dysplasia?
What is medial patellar luxation (MPL)?
Describe the pathophysiology of MPL.
List some of the common skeletal abnormalities associated with MPL.
How do we surgically correctly MPLs?
Describe the medical management of MPL.
How can we prevent MPLs?
What is osteochondrosis dessicans (OCD)?
Describe shoulder OCD.
What is panosteitis? What are the common predispositions?
Describe the pathophysiology of panosteitis. What lesions are associated with this disease?
Interpret the radiograph.
Describe the medical management of panosteitis.
