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SOC 2000 > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

Coined the phrase “sociological imagination.”

A

C. Wright Mills

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2
Q

The vivid awareness of the relationship between experience and the wider society.
Ability to see things socially and how they interact and influence each other.

A

Sociological Imagination

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3
Q

founded concept of understanding how society holds together and how modern capitalism and industrialization have transformed the ways people relate to one another.

A

Emile Durkheim

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4
Q

Coined the term “anomie.”

A

Emile Durkheim

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5
Q

The sense of normlessness resulting from drastic changes in living conditions or arrangements.

A

Anomie

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6
Q

Belief that the social world can be described and predicted by certain observable relationships.

Durkheim is “founding practitioner.”

A

Positivist Sociology

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7
Q

The founding fathers of the sociological discipline.

A

Karl Marx
Max Weber
Emile Durkheim

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8
Q

Concept that it was primarily the conflicts between classes that drove social change throughout history.

A

Historical Materialism

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9
Q

Coined the theory of Historical Materialism

A

Karl Marx

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10
Q

Concept that conflict among competing interests is the basic, animating force of any society.

A

Conflict Theory

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11
Q

The idea that people act in response to the meaning that signs and social signals hold for them.

A

Symbolic Interactionism

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12
Q

Coined the term “social physics” (aka positivism).

A

Auguste Comte

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13
Q

The need to make moral sense out of social order in a time of declining religious authority.

A

Positivism

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14
Q

Comte’s Three Stages:

A
  1. Theological Stage: Society is result of divine will.
  2. Metaphysical Stage: Humankind’s behavior governed by natural, biological instincts.
  3. Scientific Stage: Social physics identify scientific laws that govern human behavior.
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15
Q

Developed the concept of “Double Consciousness”

A

W.E.B. Du Bois

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16
Q

Concept of constantly maintaining two behavioral scripts: one for moving through the world and another to incorporate external opinions of prejudiced onlookers.

A

Double Consciousness

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17
Q
A

Max Weber

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18
Q

“understanding”

A

Verstehen

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19
Q

Concept in which researchers imagine themselves experiencing the life positions of those they want to understand, (rather than observing them as objects).

A

Interpretive Sociology

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20
Q

Founded Interpretive Sociology

“verstehen”

A

Max Weber

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21
Q

Who were the European Sociologists?

A

Comte
Durkheim
Weber
Simmel
Marx

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22
Q

Who were European Sociologists influenced by?

A

Enlightenment thinkers, French Revolution, and First Industrial Revolution.

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23
Q

A complex group of interdependent positions that, together, perform a social role and reproduce themselves over time.

A

Social Institution

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24
Q

Concept that the best way to analyze society was to identify the roles that different aspects or phenomena play.

A

Functionalism

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25
Q

Concept that the grand narratives of history are over.

A

Postmodernism

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26
Q

Concept that humans’ behaviors and personalities are shaped by their social and physical environments, a concept known as social ecology.

A

American Sociology

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27
Q

An entity that exists because people behave as though it exists and whose existence is perpetuated as people & social institutions act in accordance with widely agreed-on formal rules or informal norms of behavior associated with that entity.

A

Social Construction

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28
Q

Theory that attempts to predict how certain social institutions tend to function.

A

Midrange Theory

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29
Q

Seeks to understand local interactional contexts / study of how face-to-face interactions create the social world.

ie: participant observation and in-depth interviews

A

Microsociology

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30
Q

Seeks to understand social dynamics at a higher level of analysis - across the breadth of society.

A

Macrosociology

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31
Q

An emphasis on women’s experiences and a belief that sociology and society in general subordinate women. Am emphasis on equality between men and women and desire to see women’s lives and experiences represented in sociological studies.

A

Feminist Theory

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32
Q

A qualitative method of studying people or a social setting that uses observation, interaction, and sometimes formal interviewing to document behaviors, customs, experiences, social ties, and so on.

A

Ethnography

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33
Q

A procedure involving the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses based on systematic observation, measurement, and/or experiments.

A

Scientific Method

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34
Q

An abstracted, systematic model of how some aspect of the world works.

A

Theory

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35
Q

Methods that seek to obtain information about the social world that is already in or can be converted to numeric form.

A

Quantitative Methods

36
Q

Approaches that social scientists use for investigating the answers to questions.

A

Research Methods

37
Q

Methods that attempt to collect information about the social world that cannot be readily converted to numeric form.

A

Qualitative Methods

38
Q
  1. Theory
  2. Forms hypothesis
  3. Makes empirical observations
  4. Analyzes data to confirm, reject, or modify original theory.
A

Deductive Approach

39
Q

Research approach that starts with empirical observations and then works to form a theory.

A

Inductive Approach

40
Q

The idea that one factor influences another through a chain of events.

A

Causal Relationship

41
Q

When two variables tend to track each other positively or negatively.

A

Correlation / Association

42
Q

Something that takes place in the world that affects people in a way that is unrelated to any other preexisting factors or their characteristics, thereby approximating random assignment to treatment or control groups.

A

Natural Experiment

43
Q

The notion that a change in one factor results in a corresponding change in another.

A

Causality

44
Q

A proposed relationship between two variables, usually with a stated direction (pos. or neg.)

A

Hypothesis

45
Q

How a concept gets defined and measured in a given study.

A

Operationalization

46
Q

The extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.

A

Validity

47
Q

The likelihood of obtaining consistent results using the same measure.

A

Reliability

48
Q

A set of systems or methods that treat women’s experiences as legitimate empirical and theoretical resources, that promote social science for women and that take into account the researcher as much as the overt subject matter.

A

Feminist Methodology

49
Q

The phenomenon wherein a researcher’s presence affects the subjects’ behavior or response, thereby disrupting the study.

A

White Coat effect

50
Q

Analyzing and critically considering our own role in, and effect on, our research.

A

Reflexivity

51
Q

An entire group of individual persons, objects, or items from which samples may be drawn.

A

Population

52
Q

Qualitative research method that seeks to uncover the meanings people give their social actions by observing their behavior in practice.

A

Participant Observation

53
Q

Subset of the population from which you are actually collecting data.

A

Sample

54
Q

Ordered series of questions intended to elicit information from respondents.

A

Survey

55
Q

Idea that a particular slice of social observation captures in an accurate way the larger set of those phenomena that it is meant to stand in for.

A

Representative Sample

56
Q

Intensive investigation of one particular unit of analysis in order to describe it or uncover its mechnisms.

A

Case study

57
Q

Extent to which we can claim our findings inform us about a group larger than the one studied.

A

Generalizability

58
Q

Methodology by which two+ entities, which are similar in many dimensions but differ on one in question, are compared to learn about the differing dimension.

A

Comparative Research

59
Q

Systematic analysis of the content rather than the structure of a communication such as written work, speech, or film.

A

Content Analysis

60
Q
A

Data Collection

61
Q

Research that collects data written from reports, newspaper articles, journals, etc. that date back to the period under study.

A

Historical Method

62
Q

Methods that seek to alter that social landscape in a very specific way for a given sample of individuals and then track what results that change yields.

(hint: often involve comparisons to a control group that did not experience alteration).

A

Experimental Methods

63
Q

Translated Comte into English.

A

Harriet Martineau

64
Q

Coined the term the “looking-glass self” – we gauge responses of other individuals to our presentation of self.

A

Charles Cooley

65
Q

Described inequality in society was necessary to induce the most talented people to fill the most demanding positions that require the highest skills and dedication.

A

Kingsley Davis and Wilbur Moore

66
Q

Created the Index of Occupational Status by polling the general public about the prestige of certain occupations

A

Peter Blau and Otis Duncan

67
Q

Carried out a series of experiments to demonstrate the power of norms of group conformity.

A

Soloman Asch

68
Q

Sought to describe how the various parts of the whole were integrated with, but articulated against, one another.

(Functionalism)

A

Talcott Parsons

69
Q

Chicago school.
Founded “Hull House”

A

Jane Addams

70
Q

Laid the groundwork for symbolic interactionism.

Explored how everyday personal encounters shape and reinforce our notions about class and social status.

A

Erving Goffman

71
Q

Anthropologist who studied culture; well known for meaning of cockfighting in Bali.

A

Clifford Geertz

72
Q

Describes “Self” vs “generalized other”.

A

Herbert Mead

73
Q

Studied consumer culture

A

Allison Pugh

74
Q

Studied how social class privilege is transmitted to children

A

Annette Lareau

75
Q

Gender theorists

Argue that the statuses of male/female have distinct power and significance that role theory doesn’t adequately capture.

A

Candace West and Don Zimmerman

76
Q

Discovered the elastic tie.

A

Stacey Torres

77
Q

Argues is that individuals are unequal physically, intellectually, and morally. He suggests that those who are the most capable in particular groups and societies should lead.

A

Vilfredo Pareto

78
Q

Society where status and mobility are based on individual attributes, ability, and achievement.

A

Meritocracy

79
Q

explained that even though there has been stagnation in the number of people receiving bachelor’s degrees, the value of those degrees is increasing

A

Michael Hout

80
Q

Determined that different regions of the country varied widely in their levels of participation in voluntary associations.

(Strong capital binds people together)

A

Robert Putnam

81
Q

Emphasized the importance of not just looking at the mobility (horizontal and vertical) of individuals but also examining group mobility.

A

Pitirim Sorokin

82
Q

a group or individual transitioning from one social status to another situated more or less on the same rung of the ladder

A

Horizontal social mobility

83
Q

refers to the rise or fall of an individual (or group) from one social stratum to another.

A

Vertical social mobility

84
Q

studied people who live alone, trying to understand the costs and benefits of leaving some of the ties that bind dangling free.

A

Eric Klinenberg

85
Q

8 stages of human development

A

Erik Erikson

86
Q

Asserts that as a culture, we grossly exaggerate the frequency of rarely occurring events, often through amplification of a single instance through media repetition.

A

Barry Glassner

87
Q

examines the ways in which women are maimed, sliced, raped, and otherwise deformed in advertising images

A

Jean Kilbourne

SOC 2000 (1 decks)

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