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TBS > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

Types of North

A

Grid North
Magnetic North
True North

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2
Q

Grid North

A

Northward grid lines on a map system, running parallel (2D)

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3
Q

True North

A

North according to the Earth’s axis, all lines converge at true north

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4
Q

Magnetic North

A

North depicted by the Earth’s magnetic field, it shifts over time and deviates from True North (3D)

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5
Q

MGRS

A

Military Grid Reference System - comprised of a zone designator (GZD), the 100,000m sq identifier (GS1), an Easting and a Northing

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6
Q

Easting

A

Shows how far east we are, lines of longitude

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7
Q

Northing

A

Shows how far North we are, lines of latitude

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8
Q

Attack Point

A

A starting to point to find a coordinate, the best attack points are something permanent and that are easily identifiable such as road intersections

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9
Q

Criteria for attack points

A

Proximity, Quality and Flexibility

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10
Q

Declination Diagram

A

The angle of declination represents the difference between Grid North and Magnetic North at a specific location. LARS

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11
Q

How to map terrain features to visual

A

Shape - hills, fingers, draws
Orientation - terrain looks different based off which way you’re facing
Size - “approx., 600m I should see downhill for 100m”
Elevation
Slope - how tight contour lines are

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12
Q

Contour line slope

A

Even spacing means even slope
Concave is tight at first then spreads out
Convex is spread out then gets tighter

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13
Q

Catching feature

A

A linear feature that runs perpendicular to route that denotes you’ve gone too far

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14
Q

Collecting feature

A

Terrain features we see on the map to confirm or deny our location

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15
Q

Route plan

A

Common sense direction of travel, established time hacks for execution and quality preparation

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16
Q

Methods to determine position

A

Inspection - determining location based on matching the map to visuals
Intersection - determining grid coords of a position by sighting in from multiple known positions
Resection - determining your own position by sighting in on multiple known features

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17
Q

Command and Control (C2)

A

Exercise of authority and direction by a designated commander to accomplish a mission.

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18
Q

Communication

A

Process of converting data into a signal, transmitting it, and converting it back into data for decision-making.

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19
Q

USMC communication methods

A

Voice: Spoken communication through radio or phone.
Signals: Use of light, sound, or electronic signals for communication.
Single/Multichannel: Single channel uses one frequency, while multichannel uses multiple frequencies.
Wire: Communication through physical cables.
Satellite: Communication using satellites for long-distance transmission.
Digital Networks: Using computer networks for communication.

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20
Q

Radio Wave Components

A

Amplitude: The strength of the radio wave, measured in volts.
Wavelength: The distance between successive crests of a wave.
Frequency: The number of wave cycles per second, measured in hertz (Hz).

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21
Q

Ground Waves

A

Travel near the surface of the earth.
Direct Wave: Travels straight from the transmitter to the receiver.
Surface Wave: Follows the contour of the earth.
Ground Reflected Wave: Bounces off the ground before reaching the receiver.

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22
Q

Sky Waves

A

Reflected back to the earth from the ionosphere (HF only)

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23
Q

Antenna Basics

A

Radiating Element: The part of the antenna that emits or receives electromagnetic waves.
Transmission Line: The cable that carries the signal to and from the antenna.
Coupler (Internal): Matches the impedance of the transmission line to the antenna to ensure efficient power transfer.

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24
Q

Types of Antennas

A

Omnidirectional: Radiates power equally in all directions. Good for mobile voice communication.
Bidirectional: Radiates power in two opposite directions.
Directional: Uses reflectors to focus the signal in one direction, providing higher signal strength in that direction.

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25
Q

USMC Radio Equipment

A

HF (High Frequency): PRC 150/160 (2-29.999 MHz)
VHF (Very High Frequency):
Low Band (30-89.999 MHz)
High Band (90-224.999 MHz)
UHF (Ultra High Frequency): 225-511.999 MHz

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26
Q

Crypto Security

A

Prevents adversaries from understanding transmissions by encrypting them.

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27
Q

Transmission Security

A

Protects transmissions from interception and exploitation.

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28
Q

Emission Security

A

Reduces emissions to prevent the enemy from gathering information.

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29
Q

Physical Security

A

Safeguards classified equipment and documents from unauthorized access.

30
Q

COMSEC

A

Protection resulting from all measures designed to deny unauthorized persons information of value that might be derived from the possession of study of telecommunications or to mislead unauthorized persons in their interpretation of the results of such possession and study. “Its role within maneuver warfare should provide security to deny the enemy knowledge of our true intention.”

31
Q

Definition of War

A

A violent clash of interests between or among organized groups characterized by the use of military force.

32
Q

Spectrum of Conflict

A

Ranges from military operations other than war (MOOTW), which involve restrained and selective use of military power, to general war, which involves large-scale, sustained combat operations.

33
Q

Friction

A

The force that resists all action and saps energy, making simple tasks difficult and difficult tasks seemingly impossible.

34
Q

Moral Forces in War

A

Psychological factors such as national and military resolve, conscience, emotion, fear, courage, morale, leadership

35
Q

Policy and Politics in War

A

Politics involves the distribution of power through dynamic interaction, while policy refers to the conscious objectives established within the political process. War is an extension of both, with military forces added. War must serve policy

36
Q

Combat

A

Engaging the enemy with individual/crew-served weapons; being exposed to direct/indirect fire; undergoing a high probability of direct contact with enemy personnel and firepower.

37
Q

Combat Power

A

The total destructive force we can bring to bear on our enemy at any given time, influenced by physical, moral, and mental factors. Key aspects are speed and focus.
Speed: Rapidity of action; over time, it becomes tempo.
Focus: The convergence of effects in time and space on some objective.

38
Q

Methods of Surprise

A

Deception, ambiguity, stealth.

39
Q

Centers of Gravity

A

Factors critical to the enemy, which they cannot do without and if eliminated, will bend them most quickly to our will.

40
Q

Critical Vulnerabilities

A

Weaknesses that, if exploited, will significantly damage the enemy’s ability to resist.

41
Q

Force Planning

A

Planning associated with the creation/maintenance of military capabilities.

42
Q

Maneuver Warfare

A

A philosophy that seeks to shatter the enemy’s cohesion through rapid, focused, and unexpected actions, creating a turbulent and rapidly deteriorating situation with which the enemy cannot cope.

43
Q

Mission Tactics

A

Assigning a subordinate mission without specifying how it must be accomplished.

44
Q

Main Effort

A

The unit responsible for accomplishing the key mission.

45
Q

Surfaces and Gaps

A

Surfaces are enemy strengths; gaps are enemy weaknesses.

46
Q

Military Force Strategies

A

Annihilation/Incapacitation: Making the enemy helpless by destroying their military capabilities.
Erosion: Convincing the enemy that accepting our standards is less painful than resisting.

47
Q

Levels of War

A

Strategic: Focuses on policy objectives.
Operational: Links strategic and tactical levels, deciding when, where, and under what conditions to engage or refuse battle.
Tactical: Focuses on the application of combat power to defeat the enemy force in combat at a particular time and place.

48
Q

Principles of War

A

Mass, Objective, Offensive, Security, Economy of Force, Maneuver, Unity of Command, Surprise, Simplicity

49
Q

Mass

A

Concentrating the effects of combat power at the decisive place/time to achieve decisive results

50
Q

Objective

A

Directing every military operation toward a clearly defined, decisive and attainable obj

51
Q

Offensive

A

Continuously focused on seizing, retaining, exploiting the initiative.

52
Q

Security

A

Never permitting the enemy to acquire an unexpected advantage

53
Q

Economy of Force

A

Allocating minimum essential combat power to secondary efforts

54
Q

Maneuver

A

Place the enemy in a disadvantageous position through the flexible application of combat power

55
Q

Unity of Command

A

For every obj, we ensure unity of effort under one responsible commander

56
Q

Surprise

A

Strike the enemy at a time/place or in a manner for which he is unprepared

57
Q

Simplicity

A

Clear and uncomplicated plans and clear, concise orders ensures thorough understanding

58
Q

Attributes of War

A

Friction, Uncertainty, Fluidity, Disorder, Complexity, Violence/Danger

59
Q

Mission Assignment

A

Task to be accomplished (purpose) and the reason/intent behind it (the ‘why’). Commander’s intent should be brief, compelling, and clearly understood.

60
Q

6 Tactical Tenets to Accomplish the Mission

A

Achieving a decision, gaining the advantage, being faster, adapting, cooperation, exploiting success

61
Q

9 Elements of Combat

A

Confusion and lack of information, casualties, violent unnerving sights/sounds, feelings of isolation, communication breakdowns, individual discomfort and fatigue, fear stress and mental fatigue, continuous operations, homesickness.

62
Q

Operational Security (OPSEC)

A

The process to deny the enemy critical information about us.

63
Q

Security Classifications

A

Top Secret: Exceptionally grave damage to national security if leaked.
Secret: Serious damage to national security if leaked.
Confidential: Identifiable damage to national security if leaked.
Unclassified: Material which does not fall into any of the above categories.
For Official Use Only (FOUO): Not a classification in itself, but used instead of unclassified to designate unclassified portions containing information exempt from mandatory public release.

64
Q

7 S’s of Camouflage and Concealment

A

Shine: Reflective surfaces that catch the light.
Shape: Recognizable outlines that reveal the human form or equipment.
Shadow: Shadows that outline shapes and reveal positions.
Silhouette: Outlines against contrasting backgrounds.
Spacing: Regular intervals that indicate man-made patterns.
Sudden Movement: Movements that draw attention.
Signature: Unique visual or auditory cues that identify personnel or equipment.

65
Q

Critical Areas of the Human Body to Camouflage

A

Head, Waist, Shoulders, Ankles.

66
Q

Cold Weather Principles

A

C: Keep Clothing clean
O: Avoid Overheating
L: Wear Loose and in layers
D: Keep clothing Dry
F: Ensure Fit of clothing
E: Exercise face, fingers, toes
E: Eat well
T: Avoid tight boots

67
Q

6 Function Area of Marine Leader Development

A

Fidelity: Faithfulness to each other, the Corps, and the Nation.
Fighter: Skills and knowledge as well-rounded warriors, including PME, MOS, NEC, NOBC, and performance standards.
Fitness: Physical, mental, spiritual, and social health to boost morale, cohesiveness, and resilience.
Family: Fundamental social relationships that provide strength and require resilience.
Finances: Personal financial responsibility to mitigate stress and prepare for life changes.
Future: Setting and accomplishing goals for personal and professional success.

68
Q

Teaching

A

The process of imparting knowledge from one with experience or expertise to one without.

69
Q

Coaching

A

The process of both encouraging and demanding output, focusing on individual and team success.

70
Q

Counseling

A

The mechanism Marine leaders use to provide feedback on performance through two-way communication; can be positive or negative

71
Q

Mentoring

A

A voluntary relationship where a more experienced individual guides another’s development.

72
Q

11 Leadership Principles

A

Be technically and tactically proficient.
Know yourself and seek self-improvement.
Know your Marines and look out for their welfare.
Keep your Marines informed.
Set the example.
Ensure tasks are understood, supervised, and accomplished.
Train your Marines as a team.
Develop responsibility in subordinates.
Employ your unit according to capabilities.
Seek responsibility and take responsibility for your actions.
Make sound and timely decisions.

TBS (1 decks)

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