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Materials and Methods of Building Construction > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

1
Q

Buildings account for ____% of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions

A

30%

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2
Q

Life Cycle Analysis

A

Accounting of environmental impacts of materials and products throughout their life cycle

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3
Q

Green Building

A

Buildings that are healthy for occupants, protect resources, promote environmental quality

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4
Q

LEED

A

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, certification for buildings based on their sustainability

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5
Q

Deliverables

A

Construction documents

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6
Q

Land use vs. Zoning

A

Land use: Defines broad categories
Zoning: Used for enforcement

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7
Q

Building codes

A

Set of rules providing health and safety

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8
Q

Model Building Code Examples

A

IBC, IRC

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9
Q

IBC Construction Types

A

Define buildings’ resistance to fire

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10
Q

Sprinklers add to the design requirements:

A

of Floors: +1

Area: X4 for 1-story and X3 for more
# of Floors: +1
Height: +20 ft

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11
Q

List Admixtures (3 at least):

A

Air entraining
Water reducing
Cure accelerating
Cure retarding
Coloring
Freeze protecting
Shrinkage reducing

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12
Q

Shrinkage Factor

A

Bank / Compact

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13
Q

Load Factor

A

Loose / Bank

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14
Q

3 core requirements for foundation:

A

Safety
Stability
Feasibility

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15
Q

Fire resistance ratings are given in units of:

A

Hours

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16
Q

Steps to build a slurry wall:

A

Excavate trench
Fill with slurry
Replace slurry with concrete

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17
Q

4 types of providing construction methods:

A

Design / Bid / Build
Design-Builds
CM at risk
Integrated delivery

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18
Q

What is CM at risk?

A

Construction manager at risk, CM provides GMP (guaranteed maximum price)

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19
Q

what is cost plus a fee payment type?

A

Owner pays GC’s cost plus fee

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20
Q

What is fixed (lump sum) fee?

A

Owner agrees to pay an amount that is fixed

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21
Q

Sequential Construction

A

Each phase begins after the preceding is completed

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22
Q

Phased Construction

A

Design and construction phases overlap

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23
Q

Industrialized Construction

A

Construction system using more innovative and integrated techniques

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24
Q

Standardization

A

Extensive use of components, methods or processes in which there is repetition and predictability

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25
Q

BIM

A

Building Information Modeling, process of creating and managing building data during its lifecycle

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26
Q

ERP

A

Enterprise resource planning, record-keeping that provides data sharing throughout an organization

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27
Q

MRP

A

Materials Requirements planning, Planning production of products. Focuses more on materials management compared to ERP

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28
Q

2 classes of earth materials

A

Rock
Soil

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29
Q

Definition of Rock

A

Continuous mass of solid mineral material

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30
Q

Definition of Soil

A

Particulate

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31
Q

Particulate Sizes (in order):

A

Boulder
Cobble
Gravel
Sand
Silt
Clay

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32
Q

Coarse-Grained Soils:

A

Gravel
Sand

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33
Q

Fine-Grained Soils:

A

Clay
Silt

34
Q

Properties of Coarse-Grained Soils:

A

Cohesionless
Less strength
Affected little by moisture content
Free Draining

35
Q

Properties of Fine-Grained Soils:

A

Less free draining
Sensitive to moisture

36
Q

The larger the particle size, _____ the soil

A

Stronger

37
Q

Definition of Grading:

A

Adjusting of Ground

38
Q

Definition of Excavation

A

Removing earth

39
Q

3 Soil Conditions:

A

Loose
Bank
Compacted

40
Q

Bank Volume =

A

Loose Volume x Load Factor

41
Q

Compacted Volume =

A

Bank Volume x Shrinkage Factor

42
Q

Common Excavation & Backfill Problems:

A

Unforeseen / Differing site conditions
Weather

43
Q

To stabilize a slope in a restricted site, you can use:

A

Sheeting

44
Q

To stabilize a slope in an unrestricted site, you can use:

A

Sloping

45
Q

Types of Sheeting:

A

Soldier Piles
Sheet Piling
Slurry Wall

46
Q

Definition of Dewatering

A

Process of removing water for construction

47
Q

Types of Dewatering Systems:

A

Submersible Pumps
Well Points
Watertight Barrier Wall

48
Q

If moisture content of a soil increases, soil volume will:

A

Increase (Expand)

49
Q

If moisture content of a soil decreases, soil volume will:

A

Decrease (shrink)

50
Q

Two Broad Load Categories:

A

Dead
Live

51
Q

What is a dead load?

A

Load that is permanent (ex self weight)

52
Q

What is a live load?

A

Change with time (ex occupants)

53
Q

Two types of settlement

A

Uniform settlement
Differential settlement

54
Q

Foundation Types:

A

Shallow
Deep

55
Q

Types of Shallow foundations:

A

Spread footing
Grade beam foundations
Slab on grade

56
Q

Types of Deep foundations:

A

Piles
Caissons
Piers

57
Q

The purpose of a pile cap is to:

A

Share load among multiple piles

58
Q

Definition of underpinning:

A

Process of strengthening and/or stabilizing the foundation of an existing building

59
Q

Retaining walls

A

Wall that holds soil back when there’s a drastic change in elevation

60
Q

3 types of waterproofing:

A

Waterproof membranes
Drainage
Combination of two

61
Q

What psi is normal strength concrete?

A

Up to 6000psi

62
Q

What strength is high-strength concrete?

A

6000-20000 psi

63
Q

What are some benefits of high-strength concrete?

A

Reduced size
Higher earlier strength

64
Q

What is slump test?

A

Measure of workability of wet concrete as it arrives on site

65
Q

Why is concrete consolidated?

A

Eliminates voids and air pockets

66
Q

More moisture, ________ Compressive strength

A

Higher

67
Q

What is formwork?

A

Construction to hold freshly poured concrete in the desired shape

68
Q

Why do we use reinforcement in concrete?

A

Concrete’s tensile strength is usually not sufficient

69
Q

In a simple beam, greatest tension forces occur at:

A

Bottom middle of beam

70
Q

Why do we reinforce columns?

A

Avoid buckling or bending

71
Q

Definition of prestressing

A

Initial force, applied to improve structural capacity

72
Q

Two types of prestressing:

A

Pretensioning
Posttensioning

73
Q

Benefits of pretensioning over posttensioning:

A

Usually done in a factory,
better when elements are small

74
Q

Benefits of posttensioning over pretensioning:

A

Can be done both in a factory or on site
better when elements are heavy

75
Q

Purpose of a surety bond?

A

Ensures someone that another will follow through on a specific agreement

76
Q

ISO

A

International Organization for Standardization, promotes development of standards

77
Q

Living Building Certification

A

Buildings with net positive water, energy, and zero carbon capabilities

78
Q

Environmental Product Declarations

A

Document Describing the full life cycle of building materials

79
Q

NIST

A

National Institute of Standard and Technology, Agency of US Department of Commerce, promotes innovation and international competitiveness

80
Q

Differences among sand, silt, and clay?

A

Sand: can be lifted between fingers
Silt: Too small to see with unaided eye
Clay: anything smaller than silt

81
Q

Caisson

A

Water-tight chamber used for underwater construction

82
Q

Crosslot bracing

A

Materials and Methods of Building Construction (2 decks)

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