Exam I Flashcards
things that have utility
resources
resources that are derived from the Earth
natural resources
the mental process of making sense out of our surrounding environment
environmental cognition
these are the fiver factors of resource cognition
social conditions, technology and economics, view of nature, cultural background, scarcity
insufficient supply of the resource right now, and for the future
absolute scarcity
short supply of a resource in a certain area, or imbalanced distribution of a resource
relative scarcity
resources that will always exist in relative constant supply (i.e. the sun/solar power)
perpetual resource
resources that can be depleted in the short run, but replace themselves in the long run (i.e. forests, groundwater, fisheries)
renewable/flow resources
resources that exist in either finite supply, or resources we are using at a much faster rate (i.e. fossil fuels, mineral ores)
nonrenewable/stock resources
items that are not resources at the moment, but could one day become resources
potential resources
a range of views on environmental issues
environmental ethics
examen how natural resources benefit the community
environmental justice
nonuse of a resource which is fully protected and left unimpaired for future generations
preservation
a way of viewing the world
general systems theory
the price is determined by the amount of labor put into the product
labor theory
the price is determined by the amount of demand place on a product by the consumer
consumer theory
different sellers will compete with the selling of the price until it drops down to the cost of production
cost theory
emphasizes the critical commodity (energy) put into a production
production theory
when there is a single entity selling the product
monopoly
when few buyers/sellers follow the price fixing of a product causing an unfair sale of the product
oligopolistic competition
consortium of commercial enterprises working together to limit competition (i.e. OPEC)
cartel
involves summarizing of all costs and monetary involved in a single plan
cost-effective analysis
compares cost analysis of several different plans
benefit-cost analysis
1
externalities
2
residuals
3
residuals tax
4
polluter pays principle
5
throughput tax
6
fixed costs
7
variable costs
8
diversification
9
MNCs (multinational corporations)
10
deregulation
11
natural sovereignty
12
carrying capacity
encouraged settlement in the Midwest
Homestead Act of 1862
granted access to anyone to exploit wild forests
Cultural Act of 1873
granted rights to railroad companies to built transcontinental railroads to help accelerate the growth of westward American expansion
Railroad Acts of the 1850s & 60s
