Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Exam I > Flashcards

Exam I Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is empirical formula

A

Simplest whole number ratio of the atoms found in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is molecular formula

A

Exact number of each type of atom found in a compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is structural formula

A

Exact number of each type of atom in a compound AND the exact manner in which those atoms are bound together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are atomic elements

A

Exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are molecular elements

A

Exist in nature as molecules (one or more atoms combined together)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are Diatomics

A

2 atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is polyatomic

A

Many atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are molecular compounds

A

Composed of two or more nonmetals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are ionic compounds

A

Composed of a cation (metal) and an anion (nonmetal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is monatomic

A

Ion of one atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is polyatomic

A

Ion of multiple atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Classify each of the following as ionic or molecular compound

  1. NiCl2
  2. NO2
  3. NaNO3
  4. N2O
  5. K2O
  6. Fe2O3
A
  1. Ionic
  2. Molecular
  3. Ionic
  4. Molecular
  5. Ionic
  6. Ionic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the charge of a molecule with more protons than electrons

A

Positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the charge of a molecule with more electrons than protons

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does empirical formula tell us

A

What different atoms are in a molecule. Excluding the amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the process for determining chemical formula of ionic compounds

A
  1. Write ions first
  2. Look at the charges
  3. Balance the charges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Three concepts to keep in mind about ionic compounds

A
  1. Ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions
  2. The charges must cancel
  3. Formula reflects the smallest whole-number ratio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How to name ionic binary compounds

A

Name of cation (Metal)

Base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide

19
Q

How to calculate cation charge

A

Cation subscript

20
Q

How do we name binary molecular compounds

A

Prefix-Name of 1st element-prefix-base name of 2nd element + -ide

21
Q

What are core electrons

A

Innermost electrons that occupy the lowest energy levels

22
Q

What are properties of core electrons

A
  1. Tightly bound to nucleus
  2. Not involved in chemical bonding
  3. Influences chemical reactivity of the atom
23
Q

What are valence electrons

A

Outermost electrons that occupy the highest energy levels

24
Q

What are properties of valence electrons

A
  1. Not held as tightly as core electrons
  2. Involved in chemical bonding
  3. Influences certain properties of the atom
25
Q

What does each letter in AXE stand for

A

A - Central atom
X - Peripheral atom
E - Lone pair electrons

26
Q

What are the macromolecules of sugars

A

Carbohydrates

27
Q

What is the macromolecule of amino acids

A

proteins

28
Q

What are the macromolecules of fatty acids

A

Lipids

29
Q

What are the macromolecules of nucleotides

A

Nucleic acids

30
Q

One sugar unit

A

Monosaccharides

31
Q

Two sugar units

A

Disaccharides

32
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Multiple sugar units

33
Q

Straight chains of sugars

A

Simple sugars (easily broken down)

34
Q

Sugars with branch chains

A

Complex sugars (more difficult to break down)

35
Q

What is the difference between D-sugar and L-sugar

A

D-sugar - Right side stereoisomer (natural)
L-Sugar - Left side (synthetic)

36
Q

Describe the aspects of a Fischer projection

A
  • Open-form of the sugar
  • Carbon chain exists on the vertical
  • Carbonyl group is on top
  • Hydroxymethyl is at the bottom
  • Hydroxyl groups place across the vertical corresponding the individual sugar to be drawn
37
Q

Describe the aspects of a Haworth projection

A
  • Closed-form of the sugar
  • Last hydroxyl group cyclizes onto the carbonyl group to form a ring
  • Other hydroxyl groups are placed above or below corresponding the stereochemistry in the fischer projection
38
Q

What is it called when solid turns into liquid

A

melting

39
Q

What is it called when liquid turns into solid

A

Freezing

40
Q

What is it called when liquid turns into gas

A

Vaporization

41
Q

What is it called when gas turns to liquid

A

Condensation

42
Q

What is it called when gas turns into a solid

A

Deposition

43
Q

What is it called when solid turns into a gas

A

Sublimation

Chemistry (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions