Exam I

Question 1

What is empirical formula

Answer 1

Simplest whole number ratio of the atoms found in a compound

Question 2

What is molecular formula

Answer 2

Exact number of each type of atom found in a compound

Question 3

What is structural formula

Answer 3

Exact number of each type of atom in a compound AND the exact manner in which those atoms are bound together

Question 4

What are atomic elements

Answer 4

Exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units

Question 5

What are molecular elements

Answer 5

Exist in nature as molecules (one or more atoms combined together)

Question 6

What are Diatomics

Answer 6

2 atoms

Question 7

What is polyatomic

Answer 7

Many atoms

Question 8

What are molecular compounds

Answer 8

Composed of two or more nonmetals

Question 9

What are ionic compounds

Answer 9

Composed of a cation (metal) and an anion (nonmetal)

Question 10

What is monatomic

Answer 10

Ion of one atom

Question 11

What is polyatomic

Answer 11

Ion of multiple atoms

Question 12

Classify each of the following as ionic or molecular compound

1. NiCl2
2. NO2
3. NaNO3
4. N2O
5. K2O
6. Fe2O3

Answer 12

1. Ionic
2. Molecular
3. Ionic
4. Molecular
5. Ionic
6. Ionic

Question 13

What is the charge of a molecule with more protons than electrons

Answer 13

Positive

Question 14

What is the charge of a molecule with more electrons than protons

Answer 14

Negative

Question 15

What does empirical formula tell us

Answer 15

What different atoms are in a molecule. Excluding the amount

Question 16

What is the process for determining chemical formula of ionic compounds

Answer 16

1. Write ions first
2. Look at the charges
3. Balance the charges

Question 17

Three concepts to keep in mind about ionic compounds

Answer 17

1. Ionic compounds always contain positive and negative ions
2. The charges must cancel
3. Formula reflects the smallest whole-number ratio

Question 18

How to name ionic binary compounds

Answer 18

Name of cation (Metal)

Base name of anion (nonmetal) + -ide

Question 19

How to calculate cation charge

Answer 19

Cation subscript

Question 20

How do we name binary molecular compounds

Answer 20

Prefix-Name of 1st element-prefix-base name of 2nd element + -ide

Question 21

What are core electrons

Answer 21

Innermost electrons that occupy the lowest energy levels

Question 22

What are properties of core electrons

Answer 22

1. Tightly bound to nucleus
2. Not involved in chemical bonding
3. Influences chemical reactivity of the atom

Question 23

What are valence electrons

Answer 23

Outermost electrons that occupy the highest energy levels

Question 24

What are properties of valence electrons

Answer 24

1. Not held as tightly as core electrons
2. Involved in chemical bonding
3. Influences certain properties of the atom

Question 25

What does each letter in AXE stand for

Answer 25

A - Central atom X - Peripheral atom E - Lone pair electrons

Question 26

What are the macromolecules of sugars

Answer 26

Carbohydrates

Question 27

What is the macromolecule of amino acids

Answer 27

proteins

Question 28

What are the macromolecules of fatty acids

Answer 28

Lipids

Question 29

What are the macromolecules of nucleotides

Answer 29

Nucleic acids

Question 30

One sugar unit

Answer 30

Monosaccharides

Question 31

Two sugar units

Answer 31

Disaccharides

Question 32

Polysaccharide

Answer 32

Multiple sugar units

Question 33

Straight chains of sugars

Answer 33

Simple sugars (easily broken down)

Question 34

Sugars with branch chains

Answer 34

Complex sugars (more difficult to break down)

Question 35

What is the difference between D-sugar and L-sugar

Answer 35

D-sugar - Right side stereoisomer (natural) L-Sugar - Left side (synthetic)

Question 36

Describe the aspects of a Fischer projection

Answer 36

* Open-form of the sugar * Carbon chain exists on the vertical * Carbonyl group is on top * Hydroxymethyl is at the bottom * Hydroxyl groups place across the vertical corresponding the individual sugar to be drawn

Question 37

Describe the aspects of a Haworth projection

Answer 37

* Closed-form of the sugar * Last hydroxyl group cyclizes onto the carbonyl group to form a ring * Other hydroxyl groups are placed above or below corresponding the stereochemistry in the fischer projection

Question 38

What is it called when solid turns into liquid

Answer 38

melting

Question 39

What is it called when liquid turns into solid

Answer 39

Freezing

Question 40

What is it called when liquid turns into gas

Answer 40

Vaporization

Question 41

What is it called when gas turns to liquid

Answer 41

Condensation

Question 42

What is it called when gas turns into a solid

Answer 42

Deposition

Question 43

What is it called when solid turns into a gas

Answer 43

Sublimation