Exam I

Question 1

Anabolic Reaction

Answer 1

When organisms make compounds needed by the cells.

Question 2

Allele

Answer 2

Different versions of the same genes.

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

The building blocks of elements.

Question 4

Autotroph

Answer 4

Organisms that make their own food.

Question 5

Catabolic Reaction

Answer 5

A series of pathways where molecules are broken down into smaller bits and energy is released.

Question 6

Cell

Answer 6

The smallest unit of life itself.

Question 7

Chromatin

Answer 7

The complex of DNA and histones

Question 8

Chromosome

Answer 8

Coils of DNA bundled up into organized structures.

Question 9

Codominance

Answer 9

Occurs when two alleles for a gene are both expressed but are seen side by side.

Question 10

Diploid

Answer 10

A cell containing two sets of chromosomes one set inherited from each parent.

Question 11

Dominant

Answer 11

A genetic trait that has a higher likelihood of being passed on to the next generation.

Question 12

Element

Answer 12

The fundamental materials of which all matter is composed.

Question 13

Enzymes

Answer 13

A type of protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.

Question 14

Eukaryote

Answer 14

The type of cells in multicellular organisms.

Question 15

Gamete

Answer 15

The two cells that come together to form a new organism.

Question 16

Genome

Answer 16

The complete collection of a cell’s DNA genetic material.

Question 17

Gene

Answer 17

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or specific strand of RNA.

Question 18

Genotype

Answer 18

The combination of alleles carried by an organism.

Question 19

Haploid

Answer 19

A cell having a double copy of each chromosome but missing its homologous pair.

Question 20

Heterotroph

Answer 20

Organisms that depend on other organisms for food.

Question 21

Heterozygous

Answer 21

When an organism has two different copies of an allele-one dominant and one recessive.

Question 22

Homologous Chromosomes

Answer 22

Similar in size, shape, and the genes they carry

Question 23

Homozygous

Answer 23

When an organism has two copies of the same allele-either both dominant or both recessive.

Question 24

Incomplete Dominance

Answer 24

Two alleles are both expressed resulting in a blended phenotype.

Question 25

Phenotype

Answer 25

What the organism actually looks like.

Question 26

Prokaryote

Answer 26

Single-celled organism.

Question 27

Recessive

Answer 27

A genetic trait that is not as likely to e passed on to the next generation as the dominant.

Question 28

Sex-linked Trait

Answer 28

(X-linked trait) traits coded for only on the X chromosome.