Exam I Flashcards
Anabolic Reaction
When organisms make compounds needed by the cells.
Allele
Different versions of the same genes.
Atom
The building blocks of elements.
Autotroph
Organisms that make their own food.
Catabolic Reaction
A series of pathways where molecules are broken down into smaller bits and energy is released.
Cell
The smallest unit of life itself.
Chromatin
The complex of DNA and histones
Chromosome
Coils of DNA bundled up into organized structures.
Codominance
Occurs when two alleles for a gene are both expressed but are seen side by side.
Diploid
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes one set inherited from each parent.
Dominant
A genetic trait that has a higher likelihood of being passed on to the next generation.
Element
The fundamental materials of which all matter is composed.
Enzymes
A type of protein that changes the rate of a chemical reaction.
Eukaryote
The type of cells in multicellular organisms.
Gamete
The two cells that come together to form a new organism.
Genome
The complete collection of a cell’s DNA genetic material.
Gene
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or specific strand of RNA.
Genotype
The combination of alleles carried by an organism.
Haploid
A cell having a double copy of each chromosome but missing its homologous pair.
Heterotroph
Organisms that depend on other organisms for food.
Heterozygous
When an organism has two different copies of an allele-one dominant and one recessive.
Homologous Chromosomes
Similar in size, shape, and the genes they carry
Homozygous
When an organism has two copies of the same allele-either both dominant or both recessive.
Incomplete Dominance
Two alleles are both expressed resulting in a blended phenotype.
Phenotype
What the organism actually looks like.
Prokaryote
Single-celled organism.
Recessive
A genetic trait that is not as likely to e passed on to the next generation as the dominant.
Sex-linked Trait
(X-linked trait) traits coded for only on the X chromosome.
