Exam - Genta's Questions

Question 1

According to Document Six, what is the standard protocol for issuing notices; for example, a request by the architect to the contractor to fix any deficiencies or to issue a notice of payment (an invoice)?

Answer 1

Document Six, Agreement, A17
Notices in writing between the parties are to be delivered by hand or by registered post; or if sent by regular post, to have been delivered within five working days of the date of mailing. Notices sent electronically, by email or facsimile are not considered to be reliable for the purpose of official notice.

Question 2

According to the Schedule of Client Responsibilities for Document Six, how is the client to communicate information or instructions to the contractor during the construction phase?

Answer 2

Document Six, Schedule of Client Responsibilities, Phase 5.2
The client is to issue all instructions to the contractor via the architect.

Question 3

After bidding has taken place and the successful bidder has been awarded the contract, who is responsible for preparing the construction contract? What contract is recommended?

Answer 3

CHOP 2.3.9, Contract Award - Preparation of the Construction Contract
The architect usually prepares the construction contract. It is recommended that the standard Canadian Construction Documents Committee (CCDC) forms of construction contract be used. These documents have widespread acceptance in the construction industry, and have been tested and endorsed by all CCDC constituent members.

Question 4

Are architects required to have a written agreement with their clients before they begin providing services?

Answer 4

It is strongly recommended but not mandated in (most)? provinces. It is, however, a requirement in BC.

Question 5

Arrange the four soil types from high to low bearing strength - silt, sand, clay, gravel

Answer 5

Gravel, Sand, Silt, Clay

Question 6

As a rule of thumb, what is the cost to an architect for coordinating engineering consultants?

Answer 6

CHOP 2.1.10 - The Architect’s Fee
25% - 35% of the engineering consultant’s fee.
In provincial or territorial fee guidelines, percentage fees usually include the fees of structural, mechanical, and electrical engineers - the three common engineering disciplines. For example, the AIBC Tarrif of Fees uses percentages that factor in the three basic engineering fees plus the architect’s fee for coordinating their work.

Question 7

Assuming the construction contract between client and contractor include provisions for dispute resolution by arbitration, what is the client obligated to do under one of the general conditions of Document Six if a dispute arises?

Answer 7

Document Six, GC 1.3.1
The client must notify the architect in writing 10 working days in advance of any arbitration and of any matters in dispute and the extent to which they affect the architect and, if the client has a claim against the architect that arises from the dispute, bring that claim against the architect at the time of the arbitration.

Question 8

At what angle is a roof considered a wall?

Answer 8

NBC 3.2.1.3.(1)
Any part of a roof that is pitched at an angle of 60 degrees or more to the horizontal and is adjacent to a space intended for occupancy within a building shall be considered as part of an exterior wall of a building.

Question 9

Besides hiring a contractor to perform the work, what is the purpose of the bidding process?

Answer 9

Based on the “Lowest Bid Method”, the bidding process replaces negotiation between owner and contractor (CCDC 23)

Question 10

Can an architect trump the Authority Having Jurisdiction when interpreting the Building Code?

Answer 10

CHOP 1.2.4, Relationships with Authorities
No, but if there is a disagreement they may submit an alternate solution for review by the AHJ. Regardless, the architect should always strive to develop professional relationships with building officials and deal with any conflicts in code interpretation tactfully.

Question 11

Define ‘Construction Cost’ as defined in the Definitions of Document Six.

Answer 11

CHOP 2.1.10 - Definitions
Construction Cost is the contract price(s) of all Project elements designed or specified by, or on behalf of, or as a result of, the coordination by the Architect, including cash allowances, building permit fees, changes, construction management fees or other fees for the coordination and procurement of construction services, and all applicable taxes, including the full amount of value-added taxes, whether recoverable or not.
Where there is no contract price for all or part of the Project, the Construction Cost shall be the estimate of probable cost of construction as determined by the Architect, or as agreed by the Architect if a Cost Consultant is engaged, at market rates at the anticipated time of construction. Construction Cost excludes the following:
* the compensation of the Architect and the Consultants,
* other professional fees which are the responsibility of the Client, * the land cost, and land development charges.
In the event that the Client furnishes labour or material below market cost, or recycled materials are used, the Construction Cost for purposes of establishing the Architect’s and Consultants’ fees includes the cost of all materials and labour necessary to complete the Work as if all materials had been new and as if all labour had been paid for at market prices at the time of construction or, in the event that the construction does not proceed, at existing market prices at the anticipated time of construction.

Question 12

Define access to exit

Answer 12

NBC Div A, Part 1, 1.4.1.2
Access to exit means that part of a means of egress within a floor area that provides access to an exit serving the floor area.

Question 13

Define exit

Answer 13

NBC Div A, Part 1, 1.4.1.2
Exit means that part of a means of egress, including doorways, that leads from the floor area it serves to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare, or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare.

Question 14

Define means of egress

Answer 14

NBC Div A, Part 1, 1.4.1.2.
Means of egress means a continuous path of travel provided for the escape of persons from any point in a building or contained open space to a separate building, an open public thoroughfare, or an exterior open space protected from fire exposure from the building and having access to an open public thoroughfare. Means of egress includes exits and access to exits.

Question 15

Define the five main components of The National Council of Architectural Registration Boards’ (NCARB’s), Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct

Answer 15

CHOP 1.1.3, Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct NCARB’s model code which had also been adapted for use by the AIBC contains the following:
* competence
* conflict of interest
* full disclosure
* compliance with laws * professional conduct

Question 16

Define the term holdback and how it relates to lien legislation. How is the holdback amount determined? What is the minimum size of project that a holdback can be used?

Answer 16

BC Builders Lien Act
A holdback is a percentage of the monetary amount payable under a (construction) contract, which is held as security for a certain period of time in a separate savings account. The percentage and period of time are based on the provincial lien legislation (CHOP 2.3.10, Definitions)
The holdback amount is determined by the provincial or territorial lien legislation, typically 10% of the greater of the value of the work or material provided, or 10% of any payment made on account (BC Lien Act, Holdback, 4.1)
The minimum size is also determined by the provincial or territorial lien legislation. In BC it is $100,000 (BC Lien Act, Holdback Account, 5.8b)

Question 17

Describe how the “real world” practice of architecture can differ from architecture as a profession and the regulations governing it.

Answer 17

CHOP 1.1.2, Architecture as a Profession
The practice of architecture is usually broader than the regulation governing the profession (i.e. in practice it can include urban design, interior design, landscape design, planning, etc.) The jurisdiction or professional association of a province or territory regulates only a certain portion of architecture which it deems to be the “profession of architecture” under its legislative authority. This typically includes life safety and building envelope among others.

Question 18

Describe the difference between Intent Statements and Application Statements. Where can these be found?

Answer 18

NBC Volume 1, Preface, ix
Intent Statements explain, in plain language, the basic thinking behind each Code provision contained in Division B. They explain how requirement help to achieve their attributed objectives and functional statements. Intent Statements can be found throughout all the Parts of Division B.
Application Statements summarize what each Code provision does and does not apply to. They provide greater detail than the application information found in the body of the Code. The application statements serve explanatory purposes only and do not form an integral part of the Code provisions: as such, they are similar in function to appendix notes. Application Statements can be found in Part 1 of each Division (A,B, & C).

Question 19

Describe the firestopping meaures required for a wall with a fire resistance rating of 1h that has the following penetrations:
Air duct
Sprinkler pipe Combustible piping Door
Expansion joint

Answer 19

NBC 3.1.9.1.
Air duct - fire stop flap (fire damper) with 45 min rating
Sprinkler pipe - cover with metal escutcheon plate in accordance with NFPA 13
Combustible piping - fire stop not less than rating of assembly (1h) Door - fire stop with 45 min rating
Expansion joint - fire stop not less than rating of assembly (1h)

Question 20

Describe the fundamental difference between the National Building Code and the Fire Code.

Answer 20

NBC Volume 1 Preface, p.vi
The NBC generally applies at the time of construction and reconstruction while the NFC applies to the operation and maintenance of the fire-related features of building in use.

Question 21

Describe the organizational hierarchy of the National Building Code (eg. Divisions, Parts, Articles, etc.)

Answer 21

NBC, Preface xi
Numbering System: B Divisions
3 Part
3.5. Section
3.5.2. Subsection
3.5.2.1. Article
3.5.2.1.(2) Sentence 3.5.2.1.(2)(a) Clause 3.5.2.1.(2)(a)(i) Subclause
Has three Divisions - A, B, and C
Division A: Compliance, Objective and Functional Statements Part 1 - General, definitions and references
Part 2 - Objectives
Part 3 - Functional Statements
Division B: Acceptable Solutions
Part 1 - General
Part 2 - Reserved
Part 3 to 9 - Accepted measures (prescriptive requirements)

Question 22

Describe the process to issuing a Change Order.

Answer 22

CHOP 2.3.10, p.6
The change order process is usually started by the issuance of a form known as a Proposed Change (or “Contemplated Change”). The purpose of this form is to alert the contractor to the proposed change and to provide the contractor an opportunity to submit a quotation for additional cost (or credit) or a change in time (if any) for the proposed change. The Change Order is the final form which indicates the agreement between the client/owner and the contractor on specific additions, deletions or revisions to the contract documents.

Question 23

Describe the purpose of drawings, schedules and specifications and how they differ.

Answer 23

CHOP 2.3.8, Specifications and Drawings
Drawings
* Illustrate extent, location, and quantity;
* Are graphic or pictorial descriptions;
* Identify a material or product only by a generic name.
Schedules
* State the configuration and dimension of each assembly, component or accessory; * Identification of pre-fabricated or pre-assembled components or equipment.
Specifications
* Reduce the need for notes on the drawings;
* Are the only location where brand names of products should appear;
* Describe workmanship and installation;
* Complement and permit simplification of the drawings;
* Describe requirements for quality and workmanship which the drawings may not be able to address.

Question 24

Describe the relationship between Objectives and Functional Statements in the National Building Code.

Answer 24

NBC Volume 1, Preface, vii and Division A, 2.2. & 3.2.
Objectives state the goals that the code is trying to achieve. Functional Statements support and further articulate the objectives.

Question 25

Describe the three general divisions of bylaws or regulations mandated by provincial or territorial architectural associations.

Answer 25

CHOP 1.1.3, Regulations Ethical Regulations or Codes of Ethics - assist in maintaining the public trust in the integrity of the profession. Regulations regarding Competency - ensure the proper provision of architectural services to the public. Administrative Rules and Regulations - assist in the efficient operation of the provincial or territorial association.

Question 26

Describe the three methods for architectural competitions and identify which one is not endorsed by the RAIC or provincial associations of architects?

Answer 26

RAIC Architectural Competitions, Competition Methods The three methods are open, limited, and invited. Invited competitions are not endorsed. Open - international competition; falls under the rules and regulations of the International Union of Architects (UIA); open to any architect recognized by the UIA; can be one or two stages. Two Stage Process: 1. Architects submit limited designs such as conceptual designs. Sponsor chooses architects who can compete in stage 2. 2. Competition includes more developed designs such as schematic design. Limited - restricts the number of licensed architects who can compete by a geographic area or location (eg. BC architects only, Canadian architects only, etc.) Invited - architect eligibility is on an invitation-only basis.

Question 27

Do shop drawings supersede the contract documents?

Answer 27

CHOP 2.3.10, p. 5 Shop drawings do not supersede the contract documents but supplement them to assist in the construction.

Question 28

Explain 'progressive release of holdback.'

Answer 28

BC Builders Lien Act & Builders Lien Guide Progressive release of holdback is possible if there is a multiple holdback system in place throughout the construction chain. This system allows for all persons who make payments under a contract or subcontract in a construction chain to retain a 10% holdback. Some former Lien Acts only required a single holdback between the owner and its general contractor. A progressive release of holdback allows for the release of holdbacks retained to sub-contractors when their contracts are completed before the construction project itself is complete. This benefits subcontractors who are involved earlier on in the project, as well as benefiting the owner, as it will reduce the body of potential lien claimants as the construction project progresses.

Question 29

Explain the difference between a fire block and a fire stop?

Answer 29

NBC Division A, 1.2.1.2. Fire block means a material, component or system that restricts the spread of fire within a concealed space or from a concealed space to an adjacent space. Fire stop means a system consisting of a material, component and means of support used to fill gaps between fire separations or between fire separations and other assemblies, or used around items that wholly or partially penetrate a fire separation.

Question 30

Explain the difference between a Fire Separation and a Firewall

Answer 30

NBC Division A, 1.4.1.2. Fire Separation - a construction assembly that acts as a barrier against the spread of fire; it may or may not have a required fire resistance rating. Firewall - a type of fire separation of noncombustible construction that subdivides a building or separates adjoining buildings to resist the spread of fire and that has a fire-resistance rating as prescribed in this Code and has structural stability to remain intact under fire conditions for the required fire-rated time.

Question 31

Explain the difference between a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Life Cycle Costing (LCC).

Answer 31

CHOP 2.3.4, p.10-11 LCA is a methodology for assessing the environmental performance of a product over its full life cycle, often referred to as cradle-to-grave or cradle-to-cradle analysis. LCC focuses on the dollar costs of construction, operating and maintaining a structure over its life cycle, whereas LCA focuses on environmental performance.

Question 32

Explain the difference between commissioning and take-over.

Answer 32

CHOP 2.3.12, Introduction - Commissioning Commissioning is a separate and distinct service from take-over which may commence at the beginning of a project and may continue until occupancy by the owner. Commissioning is an additional service often provided by an independent third party - a commissioning agent. Take-over, by contrast, starts when a project nears construction completion. The first step in the take-over process is certification of substantial performance of the work.

Question 33

Explain the difference between Major Occupancy, Subsidiary Occupancy and Multiple Major Occupancies.

Answer 33

NBC Division A, 1.4.1.2. Major occupancy means the principal occupancy for which a building or part thereof is used or intended to be used, and shall be deemed to include the subsidiary occupancies that are an integral part of the principal occupancy. Subsidiary occupancies are those that are not the principal occupancy of the building (eg. small retail shop or theatre space in an office building). 3.2.2.6. Multiple Major occupancies occur when you have more than one major occupancy. In a building containing more that one major occupancy, the requirements for the most restricted occupancy apply to the whole building. 3.2.2.8. To be considered a major occupancy, they must cover at least 10% of the floor area of a storey provided they are not classified as Group F, Division 1 or 2.

Question 34

Explain the links between the MasterFormat and the National Master Specification (NMS)

Answer 34

CHOP 2.3.8 - Construction Documents - Specifications The National Master Specification (NMS) is a comprehensive text base, containing descriptions of every procedure, product or method likely to be encountered. This collection of specifications can be used in developing a project specification by editing contents to suit the requirements of a project. MasterFormatTM is a system of numbers and titles for organizing construction information into a standard order or sequence.

Question 35

Explain what is meant by "professional standard of care."

Answer 35

CHOP 2.1.9 - Risks Related to Management of the Practice All architects are expected to perform their services to a "professional standard of care." This means that architects are required to provide service with the degree of care and skill that would be rendered by reasonably competent architects under the same circumstances and in the same geographic location. An architect who does not meet this standard may be found to be negligent.

Question 36

For a building not provided with a fire department connection, what is the maximum distance of a hydrant to the building?

Answer 36

NBC 3.2.5.5.(2)(b) 90m

Question 37

For a building provided with a fire department connection, what is the maximum unobstructed path of travel for the firefighter from the vehicle to the building?

Answer 37

NBC 3.2.5.5.(2)(c) 45m

Question 38

How is depth of frost penetration determined for a building's foundation?

Answer 38

NBC Division B 1.1.3.2. Depth of frost penetration shall be established on the basis of local experience. Typically the Authority Having Jurisdiction will have building bylaws that dictate the minimum depth of foundations to prevent frost penetration.

Question 39

How is the fire resistance rating of an assembly calculated?

Answer 39

NBC Appendix D, D-2.3.4. Add the fire resistant rating of the material on the fire-exposed side plus the time assigned for the framing members and additional protective measures such as insulation. For example, if you have a wood frame wall with studs spaced at 400mm o.c. (20 min) and a layer of 12.7mm Type X gypsum wallboard (25 min) on each side, the fire-resistance rating of that assembly is 45 minutes, not 70 minutes.

Question 40

How is the profession of architecture regulated in Canada? What is the main document(s) that regulation is based upon?

Answer 40

CHOP 1.1.5, Self Regulation The licensing and regulation of architects is carried out under provincial mandate. "Architect's Acts" enable provincial associations to govern and regulate themselves separate from the provincial or territorial legislatures.

Question 41

How is travel distance affected from a mezzanine when you have two exits to outside from the building vs. one exit?

Answer 41

NBC 3.4.2.2.(2) One exit - measured from furthest point in mezzanine (longer distance) Two exits - measured from the top of stairs exiting from mezzanine (shorter distance)

Question 42

How long does copyright last?

Answer 42

CHOP 2.3.7, Appendix A - How long does Copyright Last? Under a general rule, copyright subsists for the life of the author of the work, the remainder of the calendar year in which the author dies, plus an additional 50 years.

Question 43

How long should an architect retain project files?

Answer 43

CHOP 2.1.5, Filing and Retrieval Systems - Retaining Files Records should be maintained well beyond completion of the project. Good records help to prepare a good defence against legal action. At a minimum, all project record should be retained until after expiry of the limitation period for pursuing a claim for professional negligence. In BC the limitation period is 2 years for damage or injury to property or person (see CH-30 in 2.1.9)

Question 44

How many field reviews is an architect required to do?

Answer 44

CHOP 2.3.11, p. 4 There is no minimum or maximum legal requirement. The architect should schedule site visits at intervals appropriate to the construction. The frequency and timing is left to the judgement of the architect.

Question 45

How much liability insurance is an architect in Canada required to have?

Answer 45

AIBC Bulletin 66, AIBC Bylaw 16.3 & Architect's Act Depends on the province; in BC Architects are not required to have any liability insurance according to AIBC Bylaw 16.2d but Bulletin 66 requires that (before entering into an agreement to provide architectural services) a Certificate of Practice holder must notify the client in writing whether or not professional liability insurance is held and under what terms. Section 24.2h in the Architect's Act states that an institute's bylaws may or may not include requirements for liability insurance; in BC, there is no requirement.

Question 46

Identify some of the components in an architectural program or functional program.

Answer 46

* the client's philosophy, values, goals, and desired "image"; * determine the optimum size of a building; * the number of people or pieces of equipment that will occupy the spaces; * the nature of the activity in the space; * special furniture configurations; * environmental criteria; * security requirements; * site requirements, such as parking, circulation, orientation; * explicit space requirements for the future building, including: * definition of activities which will take place in each space; * the functional relationships of the spaces; * financial requirements and a preliminary budget; * scheduling and time frame for the project;

Question 47

If a client engages a consultant directly, such as a geotechnical engineer or a land surveyor, what should the architect do to minimize their liability?

Answer 47

Guide to Document Six, A18, Example 2 The architect should obtain from the client proof of professional liability insurance from all consultants that the client engages directly .

Question 48

If a project results in construction, the contract between arhcitect and client (Document 6) can be terminated in what 4 ways?

Answer 48

RAIC Document 6, GC8.7 1. Letter of termination from the client. 2. The contract can be terminated 7 days after the abandonment of the project. 3. 1 year passes from the date of certification of substantial performance of the work. 4. 1 year from the date of total completion.

Question 49

If a sub-consultant (engineer) is hired by the architect instead of by the client, does this make the architect liable for that consultant's work?

Answer 49

Document Six, GC 7.5 No. The client agrees that the architect shall not be liable to the client, in contract or in tort, for the acts, omissions or errors of such consultants whether retained by the architect or the client.

Question 50

If an architect hires an independent contractor (another architectural firm, etc.) to prepare documents (drawings, reports, etc.) and Document Nine is the contract used between the two parties, who owns the copyright on those materials?

Answer 50

Guide to Document Six, GC 5 The architect owns copyright. Document Nine binds the consultant (independent contractor) to all the terms and conditions of the lead contract (Document 6), including the statement that the work performed on the architect's behalf is owned by the architect.

Question 51

If an architect is called upon to spend time preparing for a hearing, in which they have been summoned to testify on behalf of their client, how should they expect to be compensated for this extra work?

Answer 51

CHOP 2.1.10, Appendix A - The Architect as Expert Witness An architect may be called upon to spend time preparing for the hearing, in consultation with the client, or with the client's solicitor. This should be considered to be extra work, and fees should be discussed and agreed upon before the work is undertaken.

Question 52

If an employee (an architect) of a firm designs a building and then leaves the firm, who owns copyright of the design?

Answer 52

CHOP 2.3.7, Appendix A - Architects Own the Copyright in their Works Under a general rule, the first owner of copy right in a work is its author. There are a number of special ownership rules, however, one of which provides that where an author is employed, and the work is made as part of that employment, the "employer" instead of the "author" is the first owner of the copyright. The rules on ownership can be changed by agreement, however. The copyright law requires that the agreement, or contract, be in writing.

Question 53

If drawings and specifications disagree, which takes precedence?

Answer 53

CCDC 3, GC 1.1.7.1 & CHOP 2.3.8, Specifications and Drawings In the event of conflict between the two, the specifications take precedence over the drawings.

Question 54

If owner and contractor agree that hazardous materials on site were not brought on to the place of work by the contractor, what measures should be taken?

Answer 54

Contract Price and Contract Time shall be increased an appropriate amount. (CCDC 2, GC 9.2.7.)

Question 55

If the client lacks the financial ability or authority to proceed, how much notice must be given to suspend the architect's services?

Answer 55

The client must give seven (7) days written notice to the architect that the client elects to suspend the architect's services. (RAIC Document 6, GC8)

Question 56

If the contractor considers the work to be substantially performed and applies for payment, what does the architect do?

Answer 56

The architect looks at the work and decides if it is substantially performed. If it is substantially performed, a certificate of substantial performance is issued, as well as a list of things to be completed, and a timeline for completion. (CCDC 2, GC 5.4)

Question 57

If the contractor encounters toxic or hazardous substances on site, what is the contractor obliged to do?

Answer 57

Take all reasonable steps, including stopping work to protect all people on site, then immediately report the circumstances to the consultant and owners. (CCDC 2, GC 9.2.5.)

Question 58

If the scale of a client's project requires the architect to increase their insurance coverage or obtain specialized insurance, who is responsible for paying?

Answer 58

RAIC Document Six, GC 7.2 The client.

Question 59

If there is a conflict within the Contract Documents, what is the order of priority, from highest to lowest? (Hint - 8 items)

Answer 59

CCDC 2, GC 1.1.7.1 1. The agreement between the owner and contractor 2. The definitions 3. Supplemental conditions 4. General conditions 5. Division 1 of the specifications 6. Technical specifications 7. Material and finish schedules 8. Drawings

Question 60

In a bidding process, Contract B is formed when the owner accepts a bid in accordance with contract A. What is the primary legal obligation under Contract B, the Construction Contract?

Answer 60

To perform the work in accordance with the Contract Documents. (CCDC 23)

Question 61

In the Construction Documents phase, which of the following services are considered basic, which are additional? 1. coordinate services of consultants as applicable, 2. construction documents consisting of drawings and specifications; 3. Application for Building Permit; 4. Building Code Equivalencies 5. advise the client of any adjustments to the statement of probable Construction Cost, including adjustments indicated by changes in requirements and general market conditions; 6. obtain instructions from and advise the client on the preparation of the necessary bidding information, bidding forms, conditions of the contract and the form of contract between the client and the contractor; 7. review statutes, regulations, codes and by laws applicable to the design and where necessary review the same with the authorities having jurisdiction in order that the client may apply for and obtain the consents, approvals, licences and permits necessary for the Project; 8. in British Columbia, provide and coordinate letters of assurance as applicable; and 9. review and obtain client approval before proceeding to next phase.

Answer 61

RAIC Document 6, Schedule of Architect's Services Basic services: 1-2, 5-9 Additional services: 3,4

Question 62

In the Construction Procurement phase, which of the following services are considered basic, which are additional? 1. Pre-Qualification of Bidders; 2. assist and advise the client in obtaining bids or negotiated proposals; 3. Issuing Bid Documents; 4. prepare and coordinate addenda as applicable; 5. analyze bids or negotiated proposals; 6. assist and advise in awarding and preparing contracts for construction; 7. review and obtain client approval before proceeding to next phase; 8. Preparation of Construction Contract(s)

Answer 62

RAIC Document 6, Schedule of Architect's Services Basic services: 2, 5-8 Additional services: 1,3,8

Question 63

In the Construction/Contract Administration phase, which of the following services are considered basic, which are additional? 1. forward all instructions from the client to the contractor; 2. carry out and coordinate as applicable the General Review / Field Review of the Work; 3. keep the client informed of the progress and quality of the Work, and report to the client defects and deficiencies in the Work; 4. Full time on-site Project Representation; 5. require special inspection or testing of work, whether or not such work has been fabricated, installed or completed; 6. Review of contractor's As-built Drawings; 7. prepare change orders and change directives for the client's approval; 8. furnish supplemental instructions to the contractor; 9. receive from the contractor and forward to the client for the client's review the written warranties and related documents; 10. prior to the end of the period of one year following the date of Substantial Performance of the Work, review any defects or deficiencies which have been observed and reported during that period; 11. issue certificates for payment; 12. issue a certificate of final payment;

Answer 63

RAIC Document 6, Schedule of Architect's Services Basic services: 1-3, 5, 7-12 Additional services: 4,6

Question 64

In the Design Development phase, which of the following services are considered basic, which are additional? 1. coordinate services of consultants as applicable, 2. design development documents consisting of: a. Site plan b.Plans c. Elevations d. Sections e. Project Brief 3. Promotional Presentations 4. prepare and submit to the client for approval a revised Construction Cost estimate; 5. continue to review applicable statutes, regulations, codes and by laws as the design of the Project is developed; 6. assist the client to obtain approval of authorities having jurisdiction, if applicable; 7. review and obtain client approval before proceeding to next phase.

Answer 64

RAIC Document 6, Schedule of Architect's Services Basic services: 1-2, 5-7 Additional services: 3

Question 65

In the Pre-design phase, which of the following services are considered basic, which are additional? * Statement of Requirements or Building Program * Financial feasibility study * Site evaluation study * Verifying accuracy of drawings furnished by client * Site Photographs * Geotechnical or Soil Report * Establish a Construction Budget * Toxic and Hazardous Materials Report

Answer 65

RAIC Document 6, Schedule of Architect's Services All of pre-design services fall outside the basic services of an architect under the traditional project delivery method of design-bid-build which includes only the five phases - SD, DD, CD, BN, and CA.

Question 66

In the Schematic Design phase, which of the following services are considered basic, which are additional? 1. coordinate services of consultants as applicable, 2. review and comment on the client's Construction Budget in relation to the Client's program of requirements; 3. Enhanced Building Envelope Services (in British Columbia) 4. Preparation of Presentation Models, Perspectives or Videos 5. review applicable statutes, regulations, codes and by laws and where necessary review the same with the authorities having jurisdiction; 6. assist the client to obtain approval of authorities having jurisdiction, if applicable; 7. Submissions for zoning changes 8. design documents to illustrate the scale and character of the Project a. Site plan b. Spatial relationship diagrams c. Principal floor plans d. Building sections e. Elevations f. Outline specifications 9. prepare and submit to the client a statement of probable Construction Cost based on current area or volume unit costs 10. Variances

Answer 66

10. Variances RAIC Document 6, Schedule of Architect's Services Basic services: 1,2,5,6,8a-f,9 Additional services: 3,4,7,10

Question 67

In what phase of a project should outline specifications be prepared?

Answer 67

CHOP 2.3.6, Design Development Tasks Design Development

Question 68

Is an architect required for all Part 3 buildings under the BC Building Code?

Answer 68

AIBC Bulletin 31 Yes. In addition to the requirements of the Act, all projects must also satisfy the current BC Building Code and local building bylaws. Under these building codes, architects are required to be engaged for design and field review and to provide corresponding assurances on all Part 3 buildings (of any occupancy or size) and any Part 9 buildings with common egress systems and firewalls. It is important to understand that the Part 3/Part 9 distinction is immaterial under the Act.

Question 69

Is it considered professional misconduct to participate in an invited competition?

Answer 69

RAIC Architectural Competitions, Creating a Competition Budget - Awards and Payments Depends on the provincial association and how the architects are compensated. In BC it is against AIBC Bylaws to compete in Invited (non-endorsed) competitions where all architects are not equally remunerated. (*I wasn't able to determine with 100% certainty that it is acceptable for architects to participate in invited competitions if all the architects are compensated equally and fairly. I think it is ok but it may vary from province to province and depend on their bylaws*)

Question 70

List the following criteria for access route design: 1. Minimum width of a lane to be considered a street. 2. Maximum and minimum distance between building face and curb of street. 3. Maximum slope.

Answer 70

NBC 1. 6m 3.2.5.6.(1)(a) 2. 15m & 3m 3.2.5.5.(1) 3. 1:12.5 over minimum distance of 15m 3.2.5.6.(1)(d)

Question 71

List the four main elements required in an Alternative Solution report.

Answer 71

NBC Division C, 2.3.1.1. 1. Explanation of the required measure that is not to be provided. 2. Analysis of the objectives and functions. 3. Proposed alternative measures. 4. Building code analysis and technical argument on why the alternative measures will be as good as the accepted solution.

Question 72

List the rules related to writing a good specification.

Answer 72

CHOP 2.3.8 p.11 Be brief and clear use imperative style address instructions to the contractor avoid repetition, specifying anything which is not to be enforced, "or equal" phrases, "scope" or "scope of work" paragraphs, weasel paragraphs.

Question 73

Name four methods of compensation for architectural services.

Answer 73

CHOP 2.1.10, The Architect's Fee - Methods of Compensation Compensation is usually by one of the following methods: * Percentage (of the construction cost) * Time basis (per diem or hourly rates) * Lump sum (or fixed fee) * Any combination of the above

Question 73

Name the five key factors to determine construction requirements for a building.

Answer 73

AIBC Building Code 1 Course 1. Building area 2. Building height 3. Number of streets facing 4. Major occupancy 5. Sprinklered or non-sprinklered

Question 74

Name the following contract form: CCDC 2

Answer 74

http://www.ccdc.org/documents/index.html#CCDC5A CCDC 2 - Stipulated Price Contract Standard prime contract between Owner and prime Contractor to perform the required work for a single, pre-determined fixed price or lump sum, regardless of the Contractor's actual costs.

Question 75

Name the following contract form: CCDC 3

Answer 75

http://www.ccdc.org/documents/index.html#CCDC5A CCDC 3 - Cost Plus Contract Standard prime contract between Owner and prime Contractor to perform the required work on an actual- cost basis, plus a percentage or fixed fee which is applied to actual costs.

Question 76

Name the following contract form: CCDC 4

Answer 76

http://www.ccdc.org/documents/index.html#CCDC5A CCDC 4 - Unit Price Contract Standard prime contract between Owner and prime Contractor to perform the required work for a pre- determined, fixed amount for each specified unit of work performed. The total price is determined by multiplying the unit price by the actual, measured quantity of work performed for each specified unit.

Question 77

Name the following contract form: CCDC 14

Answer 77

http://www.ccdc.org/documents/index.html#CCDC5A CCDC 14 - Design-Build Stipulated Price Contract Standard prime contract between Owner and Design- Builder where the Design-Builder performs Design Services and Construction under one agreement, for a single, pre-determined stipulated or fixed price.

Question 78

Name the following contract form: CCDC 15

Answer 78

http://www.ccdc.org/documents/index.html#CCDC5A CCDC 15 - Design Services Contract between Design- Builder and Consultant Standard contract between Design-Builder and Consultant to perform the design services required under a design-build contract between Owner and Design-Builder.

Question 79

Name the following contract forms: CCDC 5A & 5B

Answer 79

http://www.ccdc.org/documents/index.html#CCDC5A CCDC 5A - Construction Management Contract - For Services Standard contract between Owner and Construction Manager for which the Work is to be performed by Trade Contractors. The Construction Manager acts as a limited agent of the Owner providing advisory services and administering and overseeing the contracts between the Owner and Trade Contractors. CCDC 5B - Construction Management Contract - For Services and Construction Standard contract between Owner and Construction Manager to provide advisory services during the pre-construction phase and perform the required Work during the construction phase. At the outset, the Work is performed on an actual-cost basis, plus a percentage or fixed fee which is applied to actual costs. The parties may agree to exercise the following options: Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP), GMP Plus Percentage Cost Savings, and conversion into a Stipulated Price Contract.

Question 80

Name the following contract forms: CCDC 9A & 9B

Answer 80

ht t p://www.ccdc.or g /docum ent s /index .ht m l#CCDC5 A CCDC 9A - Statutory Declaration of Progress Payment Distribution by Contractor A sworn statement for use by the Contractor as a condition of receiving payment for either the second and subsequent applications for progress payment or the release of holdback funds. CCDC 9B - Statutory Declaration of Progress Payment Distribution by Subcontractor A sworn statement for use by the Subcontractor as a condition of receiving payment for either the second and subsequent applications for progress payment or the release of holdback funds.

Question 81

Name the following document: CCDC 20

Answer 81

CCDC 20 - A Guide to the Use of CCDC 2 - 2008 Stipulated Price Contract A guide document designed to assist users of CCDC 2.

Question 82

Name the following document: CCDC 22

Answer 82

CCDC 22 - A Guide to Construction Surety Bonds A guide document explaining the surety bonding process and the purpose and function of the CCDC standard bond forms (i.e. CCDC 220, 221 and 222).

Question 83

Name the following document: CCDC 23

Answer 83

CCDC 23 - A Guide to Calling Bids and Awarding Construction Contracts A guide document outlining the process of soliciting and evaluating construction bids, and awarding the construction contract. Includes a sample bid form.

Question 84

Name the following document: CCDC 40

Answer 84

CCDC 40 - Rules for Mediation and Arbitration of Construction Disputes Standard rules for mediation and arbitration of CCDC 2 construction disputes to be used in conjunction with the dispute resolution procedures of CCDC 2.

Question 85

Name the following document: CCDC 43

Answer 85

CCDC 43 - A Guide to the Use of CCDC 3 - 1998 Cost Plus Contract A guide document designed to assist users of CCDC 3.

Question 86

Under Document Nine, if the consultant fails to provide services properly or fails to comply with the requirement of this contract, the architect may terminate this contract after how long?

Answer 86

Document Nine, General Conditions 3.2.2 Seven days.

Question 87

Under RAIC Document Six, how much shall an architect be compensated if a project is terminated during the Schematic Design, Design Development, or Construction Documents Phase?

Answer 87

RAIC Document Six, GC 8.12 Termination expenses are computed as a percentage of the total fee earned to the time of termination for the Architect's services and Additional Services, as follows: 20% if termination occurs during the SD phase 10% if termination occurs during the DD phase 5% if termination occurs during a phase subsequent to the design development phase

Question 88

Under the conditions of RAIC Document Six, how long is it before an architect can stop rendering services?

Answer 88

Fifty-two days. If any invoice submitted by the architect remains unpaid by the client for 45 days or more from the date the invoice was submitted, then the architect may give 7 days written notice to the client that the architect will suspend services. If within seven days of delivery of the notice to suspend services, the client still has not paid the architect's invoice, or the architect and the client have not agreed in writing on terms of payment of the invoice, the architect may suspend services on the project. Note that this differs slightly from GC 3.8.1 in Document Seven which states 60 days.

Question 89

Under the RAIC's Guidelines for Architectural Competitions what is considered appropriate compensation for first prize of a competition? For other prizes?

Answer 89

RAIC Architectural Competitions, Awards and Payments An amount equal to the fee for professional services to undertake that portion of the design. Other prizes should total approximately twice the fee or twice the first prize money, therefore, if there are only two other competing practices, then they will also receive the same amount as the winner, however, if there are more competitors and the sponsor wishes to go 5 deep for prizing, then they will get less.

Question 90

Under the Standard Form Client-Architect Agreements, can a client sue an architect for more than the amount of insurance carried by the architect?

Answer 90

No. One of the general conditions in Document Six states that "the Client agrees that any and all claims, whether in contract or tort, which the Client has or hereafter may have against the Architect...shall be limited to the amount as mutually agreed to by the Client and by the Architect, and as described in the Architect's Certificate of Insurance"

Question 91

Under what circumstances can a bid be deemed non-compliant?

Answer 91

The envelope is not sealed Bidder not reviewed all the addenda Not accompanied by bid bond or bid security Not properly signed or sealed Surety bonding requirements not submitted

Question 92

Under what circumstances can the owner award a contract to someone other than the lowest bidder assuming all bids are compliant?

Answer 92

It is contrary to industry "best practice" to award a contract to someone other than the lowest bidder. Standard "privilege" clauses that state that the lowest or any bid will not necessarily be accepted are not advised and may not hold up to a legal challenge even though the current law of competitive bidding does not necessarily obligate the Owner to award to the lowest compliant bidder.

Question 93

Under what conditions can the architect suspend services?

Answer 93

1. If an invoice remains unpaid for 45 days from the date the invoice was submitted, the architect can give 7 days written notice to the client that they will suspend services. OR 2. If construction proceeds without a a building permit and building permit officials being dispatched to site. 3. If the client takes action which violates applicable building codes or regulations. (RAIC Document 6, GC8.1-GC8.3)

Question 94

Under what conditions must a crawl space be considered a basement?

Answer 94

NBC 3.2.2.9.(1) 1. If it exceeds 1.8m in clear height, 2. Is used for any occupancy, 3. Contains flue pipes, or 4. Used as a plenum in combustible construction

Question 95

Under what law is Document Six governed?

Answer 95

Document Six, GC 9.1 The contract is governed by the law of the province or territory of Canada which is the principal place of business of the architect.

Question 96

What 3 things can proper building orientation and perimeter design help reduce?

Answer 96

1. Energy use 2. Amount of mechanical equipment 3. Levels of artificial lighting. (Sustainable Design Fundamentals for Buildings, 2001 Edition)

Question 97

what are 3 advantages of water heating distribution systems?

Answer 97

1. compact, easily hidden 2. can be combined with domestic hot water systems 3. good for radiant floor heating.

Question 98

What are 3 different methods of construction estimation?

Answer 98

1. Composite unit rates (broken into specification sections) Uses very simplified historic data as a basis for calculating cost. Only reliable if the historic data is comparable. 2. Gross building costs or area calculation (least accurate) Cost per m2 or per ft2. Architects should limit the use of this basic information by using it only as a general guide at the pre-design stage. 3. Elemental building costs (most comprehensive) Quantity surveyors often use this method as the standard format for presenting cost information. It divides the building into major elements such as structure, exterior closure; and then applies relevant cost information from similar projects.

Question 99

what are 4 advantages of electric heating systems?

Answer 99

1. most compact 2. quick response to temperature changes 3. easily zoned 4. low initial cost

Question 100

what are 5 examples of additional services not covered under RAIC document 6?

Answer 100

1. feasibility studies 2. business cases 3. functional programming 4. submissions to authorities 5. life cycle cost studies

Question 101

What are 5 implied duties of the owner to treat all bidders fairly and equally in a bidding process?

Answer 101

1. All bidders must receive the same information. 2. All information relevant to the bid must be disclosed. 3. The owner may not change any of the terms of the bid after bid closing. 4. Any preferences must be disclosed (I.E. Local Builders preferred). 5. Only compliant bids may be considered. (CCDC 23)

Question 102

What are four levels of Alternative Dispute Resolution?

Answer 102

CHOP 2.1.9 - Risks Related to Management of the Practice In the event of a dispute, the architect may occasionally be requested to participate in some form of ADR. Four levels of ADR, increasing in severity are: 1. Partnering - a method of dispute avoidance or prevention 2. Negotiation - both parties attempt to resolve the matter with some compromises 3. Mediation - a neutral person is appointed to act as mediator; mediator does not have to be an expert or provide any decisions, only there to facilitate and assist the two parties at arriving at a compromise 4. Arbitration - two or more parties submit a dispute to an independent and impartial arbitrator or arbitration panel, mutually agreed upon by the parties in dispute. The arbitrator makes a final and binding resolution in a judicial manner. An arbitrator must have knowledge of the law and standard legal proceedings.

Question 103

What are four types of specifications?

Answer 103

1. Outline or Preliminary Specifications * Prepared during the design stage; * Describes the project components in general terms - appearance, texture, and other criteria - which affect the image and function of the project. 2. Master Specifications * Comprehensive text base, containing descriptions of every procedure, product or method likely to be encountered; * Editing made easy because most of the required text in included in the master document and one only has to delete the unwanted text. 3. Model Specifications * Assembled to suit specific and similar kinds of projects, such as certain building types; * Only the specifications for site work will differ significantly 4. Project Specifications * One-of-a-kind specifications developed for a specific project.

Question 104

What are letters of assurance?

Answer 104

(*not mentioned in NBC*) Letters of Assurance are legal accountability documents that are required under the BC Building Code (and presumably other provincial building codes??), intended to clearly identify the responsibilities of key players in a construction project.

Question 105

What are privilege clauses and why are they not recommended in bidding contracts?

Answer 105

CHOP 2.3.9, Privilege Clauses The use of privilege clauses is no longer appropriate in bidding documents because owners are expected not to provide an unfair advantage to one bidder. A typical privilege clause would read as follows: "The lowest or any tender shall not necessarily be accepted." Architects should review Section 2.0, Principles of the Law of Competitive Bidding of CCDC 23, A Guide to Calling Bids and Awarding Construction Contracts.

Question 106

What are some solar strategies that are common among most Canadian buildings?

Answer 106

1. Orient buildings to take advantage of winter solar gain. 2. Provide year round shading to western exposures. 3. Provide summer shading for southern exposures. 4. Incorporate shading using the landscape or integrated with the building. 5. Orient buildings to allow for the addition of solar panels and other 'plug-in' elements. (Sustainable Design Fundamentals for Buildings, 2001 Edition)

Question 107

What are Supplemental Instructions?

Answer 107

CHOP 2.3.10, Documentation Instructions issued by the architect (sometimes with the assistance of consultants) to clarify or interpret the contract documents. Can also be issued to provide direction to the contractor concerning a problem which may have resulted during the course of construction.

Question 108

What are the "3 E's" in an architect's "Pathway to the Profession?"

Answer 108

CHOP 1.1.4, Introduction Education - CACB Accredited Professional Degree, CACB Certification of Education, Grandfathering of education, or RAIC Syllabus Program Experience - complete IAP Examination - pass EXAC or ARE

Question 109

What are the 4 soil classification systems, according to the ASTM Unified Soil Classification System?

Answer 109

Gravels, Sands, Silts, and Clays. * Organic material is a soil type, but is a really bad idea to use underneath a building. (Building Construction Illustrated, 1.04)

Question 110

What are the 5 phases of an architectural project?

Answer 110

CHOP 2.1.10 - The Architect's Traditional Services Schematic Design Design Development Construction Documents Bidding and Negotiation (Construction Procurement) Construction Phase (Contract Administration)

Question 111

What are the 6 areas of development addressed in the LEED Green Building Rating System?

Answer 111

1. Sustainable Sites 2. Water Efficiency 3. Energy and Atmosphere 4. Materials and Resources 5. Indoor Environmental Quality 6. Innovation & Design Process (Building Construction Illustrated, 1.04)

Question 112

What are the different construction cost class estimates?

Answer 112

CHOP 2.3.3, p.3 & 19 Class A (5-10%): Based on 100% complete tender documents; done at the end of the Construction Documents phase; contingency can be drastically reduced compared to Class C or D. Class B (10-15%): Design Development; based on 66% complete design Class C (15-20%): Schematic Design, based on 33% complete design Class D (20-30%): Functional Program; based on concept sketch design, a rough order of magnitude

Question 113

What are the fire safety requirements for basements extending more than one storey below ground in a Part 3 building?

Answer 113

NBC 3.2.2.15.(2) a) Sprinklered throughout b) Floor assembly below the ground level shall be constructed as a fire separation with a fire-resistance rating not less than i) 3 hours if the basements are used as Group E or Group F, Division 1 or 2 occupancies and ii) 2 hours for all other occupancies c) All loadbearing walls, columns and arches shall have a fire- resistance rating not less than that required for the construction that they support.

Question 114

What are the firefighting access route requirements for buildings greater than 600m2 or more than 3 storeys in height?

Answer 114

NBC 3.2.5.4.(1) & 3.2.5.5.(1) Fire department access routes are required to be within 3m to 15m of a building face.

Question 115

What are the five main components or parts of Document Six?

Answer 115

Guide to the Canadian Standard Form of Contract for Architectural Services - Document Six, p.2 1. Cover and Table of Contents 2. Agreement Form 3. Definitions 4. General Conditions 5. Schedules of Architect's Services and Client Responsibilities

Question 116

What are the three contracts used for Client-Architect Agreements?

Answer 116

RAIC Document Six - Canadian Standard Form of Contract Between Client and Architect (a complete, long form contract that includes a checklist for scope of services; recommended for larger or more complex projects) RAIC Document Seven - Canadian Standard Form of Agreement Between Client and Architect - Abbreviated Version (a shortened version of Document Six; includes an abbreviated version of the scope of services checklist; suitable for small to medium-sized projects) RAIC Document Eight - Short Form Agreement Between Client and Architect (a one-page document used as an interim agreement or "binder" in order to start work while a full agreement is being prepared)

Question 117

What are the three locations the architect may be required to make and record observations as part of a field review?

Answer 117

CHOP 2.3.11, Conducting a Field Review - Field Locations * the construction site; * the "extended" site; * the plant or location of off-site fabrication.

Question 118

What are the three main environmental control materials in an assembly that separates a conditioned space from an unconditioned space?

Answer 118

NBC 9.25.1.1. Thermal insulation, air barrier, and vapour barrier. The code states that all three must be present and that the assembly is constructed in such a way that the properties and relative position of all materials conform to Subsection 9.25.5.

Question 119

What are the three types of occupancy that can be granted near project completion?

Answer 119

CHOP 2.3.12, Take-over Procedures - Occupancy 1. Unconditional Occupancy - everything has been completed; no outstanding issues or deficiencies 2. Conditional Occupancy - occurs when a building or portion thereof, may be considered safe but is incomplete with respect to the scope of work shown on the construction documents submitted for the building permit. 3. Phased (or Partial) Occupancy - occurs when a discrete, or stand-alone, portion of a building is complete with respect to the scope of work shown (for that portion) on the construction documents submitted for the building permit, or with respect to the permit conditions or substantial building code compliance.

Question 120

What are the two broad categories of things an architect should review when performing field review services?

Answer 120

CHOP 2.3.11, Appendix B 1. Matters required by the Building Code: These services are a regulatory requirement and they must be performed. 2. Contractual Matters or "good practice": These are matters related to workmanship, appearance, accuracy, etc. and they go beyond the review required for code-related matters.

Question 121

What are the two categories of architectural competitions?

Answer 121

RAIC Architectural Competitions, Competition Categories & CHOP 2.1.3, Competitions Endorsed includes a professional advisor, abides by a jury's decision, is endorsed by the appropriate provincial or territorial association of architects or the RAIC, and leads to a commission for the winning architect. Non-endorsed is neither endorsed by the RAIC nor by the appropriate provincial or territorial association of architects. It may or may not have a professional advisor or use a jury for decision-making. It may or may not lead to a commission for the winning architect.

Question 122

What are the two contracts in the bidding process, and who are they between?

Answer 122

Contract A, the contract between the owner and each bidder, known as the Bidding Contract. When the bid is selected, it leads to Contract B, the Construction Contract. (CCDC 23)

Question 123

What are the two main filing systems every architectural practice should maintain?

Answer 123

CHOP 2.1.5, Filing and Retrieval Systems - Filing systems An architectural practice will require at least two type of filing systems: 1. Filing of information relating to the management of the practice 2. Filing of information relating to the management of the project

Question 124

What are three advantages of air heat distribution?

Answer 124

1.quick response 2.can also perform ventilation, cooling, humidity control and filtering. 3. no equipment in rooms

Question 125

What are three methods of writing specifications?

Answer 125

CHOP 2.3.8, Methods of Specifying 1. Proprietary Method * Proprietary specifications identify products by their trade names and important characteristics. 2. Prescriptive Method * A generic description of what is required, using no product, trade or manufacturers' names, or any reference to manuals or standards. 3. Performance Method * Performance specifications describe the desired end result of how the materials and systems will perform in the completed building.

Question 126

What are three ways a general contractor can be selected for a construction project?

Answer 126

1. Open competitive bids (sometimes called public tender); 2. Invited competitive bids (sometimes called invited tender); 3. Direct selection

Question 127

What are two possible legal procedures affecting the construction of buildings?

Answer 127

Injunction - sought when a public body applies to the court for an order restraining a private individual or other body from violating an applicable law. It is often applied to stop an individual or company from constructing a building contrary to regulations, codes or bylaws. A typical example is a "stop work order." Mandamus - an order directing a public body to exercise a public duty, such as the issuance of a building permit. If a municipality refuses to issue a building permit and forces the client to apply to the court for a mandamus, the architect must be sure that all building plans and specifications comply fully with municipal bylaws and building codes.

Question 128

What buildings require the services of an architect?

Answer 128

Group A (Part 3) - Public Assembly: -- any one-storey building with an unsupported span exceeding 9 m or gross area exceeding 275 m2; -- any building of more than one storey with gross area exceeding 235 m2; and -- all schools, any size Group B - (Part 3) - Hospital, Sanatorium, or Home for the Aged, Institutional: -- any building (excluding veterinary hospital) with a capacity exceeding 12 beds -- any building with gross area exceeding 470 m2 Group C - Residential, Hotel or similar occupancy: -- any building containing 5 or more dwelling units -- any building containing 11 or more guest rooms Group D & E - Commercial: -- any building with gross area exceeding 470 m2 Group F (F1: Part 3) - Industrial: -- any building with gross area exceeding 470 m2

Question 129

What do the bidding documents consist of? (6 items)

Answer 129

* Bidding Requirements * Contract Forms * Contract Conditions * Specifications * Drawings * Addendum

Question 130

What do the construction documents consist of? (7 items)

Answer 130

* Bidding Requirements * Contract Forms * Contract Conditions * Specifications * Drawings * Addendum * Contract Modifications

Question 131

What do the contract documents consist of? (6 items)

Answer 131

CHOP 2.3.8, p.1 * Contract Forms * Contract Conditions * Specifications * Drawings * Addendum * Contract Modifications

Question 132

What does LEED stand for, and who developed it?

Answer 132

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, developed by the U.S. Green Building Council (Building Construction Illustrated, 1.04)

Question 133

What does the Certificate of Payment signify?

Answer 133

The issuance of the Certificate of Payment constitutes a representation by the architect to the client that based on the architect's field reviews and review of the contractor's schedule of values and application for payment, that the work has progressed to the value indicated. (RAIC Document 6, GC4)

Question 134

What does the Project Manual consist of? (4 items)

Answer 134

CHOP 2.3.8, p.1 * Bidding Requirements * Contract Forms * Contract Conditions * Specifications

Question 135

What Factors influence construction cost? (12 answers... If you dare!)

Answer 135

CHOP 2.3.3, Factors Affecting Cost 1. Type of project 2. Overhead 3.Profit 4. Market Conditions 5. Difficult Access 6. Fast schedule 7. Escalation/Inflation 8.Tax 9. Season and Weather 10. Change in functional program 11. Contingency 12. Regulations

Question 136

What five elements make up the Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct for architects?

Answer 136

CHOP 1.1.3, Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct * competence * conflict of interest * full disclosure * compliance with laws * professional conduct

Question 137

What is a bid bond?

Answer 137

CHOP 2.3.9, Bid Bond The bid bond submitted by the contractor (bidder) guarantees that if the bid is accepted within the time period stated, the contractor will enter into a formal contract with the owner. If the contractor fails to enter into a contract, the surety will guarantee - up to the amount of the bid bond - to pay the difference in money between the amount of the contractor's bid and the amount for which the owner legally contacts with another contractor for the project. Bid bonds are usually between 5% and 10% of the estimated construction cost; on very large projects, 2.5% is considered and appropriate amount.

Question 138

What is a bond?

Answer 138

CHOP 2.3.9, Bonds A bond is an instrument which permits a contractor to provide an owner with a guarantee from a bonding company, known as a surety. The guarantee ensures that the contractor satisfactorily performs his/her obligations under a contract. A bond is not an insurance policy but instead a three-party undertaking whereby the surety agrees to indemnify the owner against loss arising from the failure of the contractor to perform obligations under contract. For construction contracts, three bonds are of particular importance: * Bid bond; * Performance bond; * Labour and material payment bond

Question 139

What is a Certificate of Substantial Performance?

Answer 139

CHOP 2.3.10, p. 7 & 9 A certificate issued under the appropriate lien legislation attesting that the contract between the owner and the contractor is substantially complete.

Question 140

What is a Change Directive?

Answer 140

CHOP 2.3.10, Documentation If the contractor's price cannot quickly be agreed to, the architect may issue a Change Directive if the proposed changes are within the general scope of work described in the contract documents. A Change Directive avoids delays and permits work to proceed while negotiations continue over the price of the proposed change.

Question 141

What is a Change Order

Answer 141

CHOP 2.3.10, Documentation Change Orders cover adjustments to the scope of work that require a change or changes to the contract price or contract time. The Change Order is the final form which indicates the agreement between the client/owner and the contractor on specific additions, deletions or revisions to the contract documents.

Question 142

What is a Fire Compartment?

Answer 142

NBC Division A, 1.4.1.2. An enclosed space in a building that is separated from all other parts of the building by enclosing construction providing a fire separation having a required fire-resistance rating.

Question 143

What is a Fire-protection rating?

Answer 143

NBC Division A, 1.4.1.2. The time in minutes or hours that a closure will withstand the passage of flame when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as otherwise prescribed in the Code.

Question 144

What is a Fire-resistant rating?

Answer 144

NBC Division A, 1.4.1.2. The time in minutes or hours that a material or assembly of materials will withstand the passage of flame and the transmission of heat when exposed to fire under specified conditions of test and performance criteria, or as determined by extension or interpretation of information derived therefrom as prescribed in the Code.

Question 146

What is a labour and material payment bond?

Answer 146

CHOP 2.3.9, Labour and Material Payment Bond A labour and material payment bond guarantees that claimants (sub-contractors, sub-trades, and suppliers who have direct contracts with the contractor) will be paid for labour and materials provided to the contractor for use on the project identified in the bond.

Question 147

What is a Letter of Acceptance? (used in the Construction Procurement Phase)

Answer 147

CHOP 2.3.9, Contract Award - Letter of Acceptance The award of contract is usually accomplished by issuing a Letter of Acceptance from the client. This letter allows the contractor to start work immediately while a formal contract is drafted and executed.

Question 148

What is a Letter of Assurance?

Answer 148

CHOP 2.3.10, p. 8 & 2.3.12, p. 3 An official document provided by the architect or registered professional to the Authority Having Jurisdiction that the building has been constructed in substantial compliance with the building code, applicable regulations, and the construction documents accepted for building permit purposes. The LOA may be required before an Occupancy Permit is issued. Not all provinces require LOA's. In BC, the standard forms of LOA's must always be used as provided in the BC Building Code.

Question 149

What is a lien?

Answer 149

CHOP 2.3.10, p. 9 A legal claim on real property to satisfy a debt owned to the lien claimant by the property owner. This claim can carry the right to sell the property upon default.

Question 150

What is a performance bond?

Answer 150

CHOP 2.3.9, Performance Bond The function of a performance bond is to indemnify the owner up to the amount of the bond in the event of default (bankruptcy or insolvency) on the part of the contractor. Frequently, the amount of a performance bond is based on a percentage of the contract amount, such as 50% or 100% of the contract amount. A performance bond will not cover payment of labour and material claims.

Question 151

What is a Request for Information (RFI)?

Answer 151

CHOP 2.3.10, Documentation The RFI is a procedure for the contractor to request clarifications when the intent of the contract documents is unclear, incorrect, or information is missing.

Question 152

What is a Schedule of Values?

Answer 152

CHOP 2.3.10, p. 7 A schedule submitted by the contractor at the start of a project, typically sub-divided by divisions, major sub-trades or quantifiable elements related to the construction. The work performed by the general contractor's own forces, as well as the costs for mobilization, supervision, overhead, and profit, are usually indicated. The value of sub-trade contracts and sub-trade breakdowns assists in determining the appropriate Certificates for Payment and the progressive release of holdback monies for lien purposes.

Question 153

What is a shop drawing?

Answer 153

CHOP 2.3.10, p. 9 A drawing, diagram, schedule or data prepared on behalf of the contractor to indicate precise details of the construction materials, products or installation. Usually prepared by the "shop" or trade or manufacturer, supplier or fabricator responsible for the particular product.

Question 154

What is a statute of limitations?

Answer 154

CHOP 2.1.9 - Risks Related to Management of the Practice Every province and territory has a different statute of limitations. These statutes of limitations usually provide a time limit when a claim can be made. These laws indicate the number of years after which no legal proceeding may be undertaken following a date when the damage (or negligent act) was discovered or ought to have been discovered. However, no time limitation applies to recognition of damage (or negligence) in the life of a building. In other words, professional responsibility and potential liability for each and every project remains with the architect for life.

Question 155

What is a Statutory Declaration and how is it used in a typical project?

Answer 155

CHOP 2.3.10, p.4 & CCDC 2, 5.5.1 At the end of construction, the contract documents generally require the contractor and/or sub-contractors to submit Statutory Declarations for review by the architect (these documents are CCDC 9A and 9B). Statutory Declarations are applications for the release of holdback. After the receipt of an application for payment from the Contractor the Consultant will issue a certificate for payment of the holdback amount.

Question 156

What is a Statutory Holdback?

Answer 156

CHOP 2.3.10, p. 7 & 9 A percentage of the monetary amount payable under a (construction) contract, which is held as security for a certain period of time. The percentage and period of time are based on the provincial lien legislation.

Question 157

What is Architecture 2030 and the 2030 Challenge?

Answer 157

Architecture 2030 is an environmental advocacy group whose mission is "to provide information and innovative solutions in the field of architecture and planning". The 2030 challenge calls for all new buildings and developments to use half the fossil fuel energy they would typically consume, and all buildings to be carbon neutral by 2030. (Building Construction Illustrated, 1.04)

Question 158

What is Functional Programming (or design brief)? Is it part of an architect's basic services?

Answer 158

CHOP 2.3.4, p.3 & 8 Functional Programming can be described as the decision-making process that clearly defines the problem and scope of work for design. The functional program describes the requirements which a building must satisfy in order to support and enhance human activities. Architectural fees for functional programming are not part of "basic services."

Question 159

What is MasterFormat?

Answer 159

CHOP 2.3.8, MasterFormat MasterFormatTM is a system of numbers and titles for organizing construction information into a regular standard order or sequence. It is organized in the well-known "49 Division" Specification Format, using a six-digit section numbering system. Each section is, in turn, organized according to a three-part format for articles titled: General, Products and Execution.

Question 160

What is one key difference between endorsed and non-endorsed architectural competitions when choosing a winner?

Answer 160

RAIC Architectural Competitions, Stakeholders/Participants In an endorsed competition, the sponsor (client) abides by the jury's decision when announcing the winner. In a non-endorsed competition, there may or may not be a jury, and even if there is, the sponsor is not required to use the jury's decision to choose the winner; the sponsor retains the final decision.

Question 161

What is RAIC Document Six?

Answer 161

CHOP 2.1.10 - Client-Architect Agreements Canadian Standard Form of Contract for Architectural Services Between Client and Architect. It is the accepted national standard contract used by architects.

Question 162

What is SectionFormat?

Answer 162

The Three Part SectionFormat's primary purpose is to provide a uniform approach for organizing articles and paragraphs within the project specification sections to produce a consistent appearance and completeness. The architect should use both the MasterFormat system in combination with the Three Part SectionFormat as a guide in writing specifications sections for every project except for simple outline specifications or minor projects. The three parts of the SectionFormat are: Part 1, General: This part covers those subjects which: * Relate to the work in general; * Provide a general description of the system, where applicable; * Identify references to standards; * Define the administrative and technical requirements specific to a particular section. Part 2, Products: This part defines the acceptable equipment, materials, fixtures, mixes, and fabrications, that is, "product" items to be incorporated into the work. Part 3, Execution: This part describes the manner in which items covered by Part 2 are to be incorporated into the work.

Question 163

What is Sound Transmission Class (STC) and how does it relate to actual sound transmission? For example, if you have a wall assembly with an STC rating of 33 and one with 63, which one is quieter and by how much?

Answer 163

NBC A-9.10.3.1.A. & Wikipedia Sound Transmission Class (or STC) is an integer rating of how well a building partition attenuates airborne sound. STC is roughly the decibel reduction in noise a partition can provide, abbreviated 'dB'. The dB scale is a logarithmic one and the human ear perceives a 10dB reduction in sound as roughly halving the volume - a 40 dB noise subjectively seems half as loud as a 50 dB one. Similarly, a wall with an STC of 63 is perceived by the human ear to be 88% quieter or allow 1/8 as much perceived sound through than a wall with an STC of 33. From 33 to 43 sound is halved (1/2), from 43 to 53 it's halved again (1/4), from 53 to 63 it's halved yet again (1/8).

Question 164

What is Substantial Performance of the work?

Answer 164

CCDC 2, Definitions Substantial Performance of the Work shall have been reached when the work is ready for use or is being used for the purpose intended, and is so certified by the consultant.

Question 165

What is the 'Minimum RSI Ratio' and how does it affect the construction of building envelope assemblies?

Answer 165

NBC 9.25.4.3. & A-9.25.5.1. & Figure A-9.25.5.2. Minimum RSI Ratio is the minimum amount of insulation outboard of a plane of low air and vapour permeance (such as 1/2" plywood) compared to the amount of insulation inboard of this plane. Areas with higher heating degree days require higher RSI Ratios, or more insulation on the outboard side of this plane, to ensure the dew point lies outside this plane and prevents moisture from condensing inside the wall cavity with nowhere to escape.

Question 166

What is the architect required to do under the Schedule of Architect's Services in Document Six prior to the end of the period of one year following the date of Substantial Performance of the Work?

Answer 166

Document Six, Schedule of Architect's Services, 5.21 The architect must review any defects or deficiencies which have been observed and reported during that period and notify the contractor in writing of those items requiring attention by the contractor to complete the work in accordance with the contract.

Question 167

What is the difference between a Field Inspection and a Field Review?

Answer 167

CHOP 2.3.11, p. 1 An inspection is a "close examination" of construction - this level of service is beyond the architect's responsibilities.

Question 168

What is the difference between Construction Cost, Construction Budget, and Project Budget?

Answer 168

Document Six, Definitions & CHOP 2.3.3, Definitions Construction Cost is the contract price(s) of all Project elements designed or specified by, or on behalf of, or as a result of, the coordination by the Architect, including cash allowances, building permit fees, changes, construction management fees or other fees for the coordination and procurement of construction services, and all applicable taxes, including the full amount of value-added taxes, whether recoverable or not. Construction Budget is the client's combined estimate of the construction cost, construction contingencies and GST or HST, or if there is no client's combined estimate, an amount agreed to by the client and the architect. In essence, this number is an estimate provided at the early stages of a project whereas the construction cost is better defined. Project Budget is the client's estimated total expenditure for the entire project. It includes, but is not limited to, the construction budget, professional fees, costs of land, rights of way, and all other costs to the client for the project.

Question 169

What is the difference between cost planning and cost control? Whose responsibility is it to define and monitor these?

Answer 169

CHOP 2.3.3, Introduction - The Role of the Architect in Cost Planning and Control Cost planning (or the preparation of construction cost estimates) is done in the predesign and design stages, whereas cost control (or the monitoring of construction costs) is done at the later stages. The architect is responsible for defining and monitoring these although they may depend on other consultants such as quantity surveyors or firms that specialize in cost estimation to aid in determining the amounts.

Question 170

What is the difference between Supplemental and General Conditions in CCDC 2?

Answer 170

Supplemental Conditions are amendments or modifications to the General Conditions portion of the CCDC 2 document

Question 171

What is the Final Certificate for Payment and when is it issued?

Answer 171

CHOP 2.3.12, Take-over Procedures Once the architect is satisfied that all deficiencies have been corrected and that all work under the contract has been completed, the contractor can apply for payment for the outstanding amount so that the architect can issue the Final Certificate for Payment.

Question 172

What is the fire resistance rating required for a roof-top enclosure for elevator machinery or for a service room?

Answer 172

NBC 3.2.2.14.(1) & (2) No fire resistance rating required if not more than 1 storey. If more than one storey the rooms shall be constructed in accordance with the type of construction required by Articles 3.2.2.20. to 3.2.2.88.

Question 173

What is the first thing an architect should do if they have been asked by a client to appear as a witness in a case arising out of a project in which they have provided professional services?

Answer 173

CHOP 2.1.10 Appendix A - The Architect as Expert Witness The architect should contact their professional errors and omissions insurer to inform the insurer and to obtain guidance.

Question 174

What is the formula used by the payment certifier to determine if a certificate of completion or substantial performance can be issued?

Answer 174

This depends on provincial or territorial lien legislation. In BC, in order to qualify for substantial performance, the extent of work remaining must be evaluated by the payment certifier (usually the architect) as being capable of completion or correction at a cost of not more than 3% of the first $500,000 of the contract plus 2% of its second $500,000 plus 1% of the balance. As well, for purposes of the statute, an improvement is completed if it or a substantial part of it is ready for use or is being used for the purpose intended. (Lien Act, AIBC)

Question 175

What is the latest an architect should issue an addendum before bid closing?

Answer 175

CHOP 2.3.9, Addenda The last opportunity for issuing an addendum should be no later than four working days before bid closing. If this is not possible, consideration should be given to extending the bid period.

Question 176

What is the main role of the Canadian Architectural Certification Board (CACB)?

Answer 176

CHOP 1.1.4, Education * certify the academic qualifications of candidates; * accredit programs offered by Canadian university schools of architecture.

Question 177

What is the maximum height difference you can have without a guard in a Part 9 building?

Answer 177

NBC 9.8.8.1. (3) 2 risers or 400mm (16")

Question 178

What is the maximum number of steps allowed without a hand rail?

Answer 178

NBC 9.8.7.1. (3) For occupancies other than single dwelling units: All steps must have a handrail For single dwelling units: Interior - 2 risers Exterior - 3 risers

Question 179

What is the maximum number of storeys you can build with combustible construction?

Answer 179

NBC 3.2.2.50.(2) Four.

Question 180

What is the maximum percentage of floor area that an open vs. enclosed mezzanine can be?

Answer 180

NBC 3.2.1.1.(3) & (4) Open mezzanine: <40% (visual obstructions taller than 1070mm not permitted) Closed mezzanine: <10% (completely closed to ceiling or have visual obstructions taller than 1070mm)

Question 181

What is the minimum number of risers allowed in an interior run of stairs?

Answer 181

NBC 3.4.6.2. (1) Every flight of interior stairs shall have not less than 3 risers.

Question 182

What is the period of irrevocability?

Answer 182

CHOP 2.3.9, Bid Period and Bid Closing The time during which a bid call is open; usually the period provided for in the bid bond. Based on the conditions of the "bid contract," bidders are unable to withdraw their bids during the period of irrevocability.

Question 183

What is the purpose of field reviews?

Answer 183

CHOP 2.3.11, Purpose of Field Review Field reviews are based on a systematic, random sampling of the work. The architect's duty during field review is to carry out sufficient periodic site visits at appropriate intervals during the various stages of construction to determine if the work is in general conformity with the contract documents. In addition, the architect reports on the progress of the work and observations made on site. In most agreements, such as RAIC Document Six, the architect is not required to make exhaustive inspections or continuous on-site review; nor is the architect responsible for the construction methods or procedures or for construction safety.

Question 184

What is the purpose of progressive release of holdbacks?

Answer 184

This allows the release of holdbacks to subcontractors or suppliers in advance of the substantial performance of the work.

Question 185

What is the purpose of specifications?

Answer 185

CHOP 2.3.8, Specifications and Drawings * complement and permit simplification of the drawings; * limit the role of the drawings to address form, shape, dimension, and location; * describe requirements for quality and workmanship which the drawings may not be able to address; * address compatibility of materials.

Question 186

What is the purpose of the Intern Architect Program (IAP)?

Answer 186

CHOP 1.1.4, Experience * meet generally recognized standards of practical skill * practice architecture in a way that protects and health and safety of the public

Question 187

What is the purpose or function of the working drawings?

Answer 187

CHOP 2.3.7 - Construction Documents - Drawings As part of the construction contract, the working drawings take on a legal significance for which architects must assume responsibility. The purpose of the drawings is to address form, shape, dimensions, and location.

Question 188

What is the recommended minimum amount of time an architect should retain files on a project?

Answer 188

CHOP 2.1.5, p. 3 Project records should be retained until after expiry of the limitation period for pursuing a claim for professional negligence. The time period contained in the statutes of limitations varies from province to province (see 2.1.9 CH-30)

Question 189

What must an architect ensure if they allow an employee to work from home or out of office to produce documents that the architect must then seal with their stamp? Is this requirement altered if the employee is a registered architect?

Answer 189

CHOP 2.1.7, Managing Human Resources - Work from Home The architect must determine whether the off-site work can be under the "care and control" or "direct supervision" (also called "responsible control") of the registered member in order to apply the architects' seal, as required under provincial or territorial Architects Acts. This applies whether or not the employee happens to be a registered architect so long as they are not the person providing the seal. If the employee is a registered architect and has been entrusted by the principal architect to administer their own seal for the project documents then the principal may not be required to have direct supervision if the company's liability insurance includes liability coverage for employees as well as owners. It is recommended that all architects be familiar with the terms of their practice's liability insurance to determine who is able to seal documents and under what circumstances direct supervision is required.

Question 190

What must the architect do at the end of each phase (SD, DD, CD) to ensure the project stays on budget?

Answer 190

Document Six, Schedule of Architect's Services Update and revise the construction cost estimate. As the project becomes more and more detailed, this estimate should become more and more accurate. The architect's fee, if percentage-based and calculated under the F2 Fee classification as described in the Guide to Document 6, should be adjusted accordingly at the end of each phase. The architect's final fee is then set at the end of the bidding phase when the winning bid is chosen - this is the final construction cost.

Question 191

What problem may arise if a practice were to allow employees to perform part or all of their work from home, through e-mail or other forms of communication?

Answer 191

CHOP 2.1.7, Managing Human Resources The architect must determine whether the off-site work can be under the "care and control" or "direct supervision" (also called "responsible control") of the registered member in order to apply the architects' seal, as required under provincial or territorial Architects Acts.

Question 192

What resources are available to an architect to produce a project cost estimate?

Answer 192

CHOP 2.3.3, Techniques There are various types of cost consultants and/or resources available to the architect to produce a reliable estimate if they do not have the expertise or resources to produce one in-house. Quantity Surveyors - provide professional service at hourly rates, or at a fixed or percentage fee of the construction budget. Construction Managers and other Development/Construction Experts - Other sources of expertise directly from the construction industry include construction managers, contractors, design-builders, and developers. Construction Price Index - data usually published by government agencies and private companies. These publications are useful only as a guide to show trends; usually some months out-of-date; often presented in graph form for ease of co mmunica tio n. Publications - available from government agencies, private interest groups, private companies, and quantity surveyors. The information comes in printed or electronic form, and the cost varies considerably depending on the amount of detail, completeness, and ease of use. Data from government agencies are more useful for identifying trends and differences in national, regional, and local costs than for calculating the cost of a specific building.

Question 193

What role do sub-consultants play in performing field reviews and determining percentage of work completed?

Answer 193

CHOP 2.3.11, Field Review Services of Consultants The architect is usually the prime or "managing and coordinating" consultant, and is responsible for coordinating the field functions of the engineering and other consultants. All consultants should be required to submit field review reports in a format similar to that used by the architect, and the architect will distribute the reports as required. In addition, the architect relies on the consultants to determine the value or percentage of work completed by each respective discipline in order to prepare Certificates for Payment.

Question 194

What should an architect do if they are summoned to testify by a party other than the client?

Answer 194

CHOP 2.1.10 Appendix A - The Architect as Expert Witness The architect must contact his professional errors and omissions insurer to inform the insurer and to obtain guidance. The architect is under no legal obligation to speak to a party or a lawyer representing a party other than their client. However, if summoned, the architect will be under a legal obligation to appear in court or before the relevant tribunal. Regardless of who has asked the architect to testify (be it the client or another party), the architect should remember to testify in a manner which is complete and even-handed. The architect's role is not to promote the client's case.

Question 195

What should an architect look for when they review a bid submitted by a general contractor? (8 things)

Answer 195

CHOP 2.3.9, Analysis of Bids * the completeness of each bid; * the bid amount and the amount of valueadded taxes such as GST, HST or QST; * the proposed construction start date and schedule; * inclusion of all addenda; * sub-contractors listed, including follow-up of the references; * manufacturers and suppliers listed with follow-up as required; * alternatives; * unit prices.

Question 196

What should the architect do if only one bid is submitted during a call for bids?

Answer 196

CHOP 2.3.9, Bid Period and Bid Closing If only one bid is submitted, the architect should advise the client to consider returning the bid unopened, or negotiating with the sole bidder.

Question 197

What should the architect do if the fees for a particular project are not commensurate with the professional services required?

Answer 197

CHOP 2.1.9, Risks Related to Management of a Project - The Project: Design and Documentation: Professional Fees If the fees for a particular project are not commensurate with the professional services required, the architect should attempt to renegotiate. The professional services must not be compromised even if the architect chooses to accept a commission that has fees below what they consider adequate to do a thorough job. Refer to RAIC document, A Guide to Determining Appropriate Fees for the Services of and Architect.

Question 198

What three items are excluded from the construction cost as defined in the Definitions of Document Six?

Answer 198

Document Six, Definitions 1. Compensation of the architect and the consultants 2, Other professional fees which are the responsibility of the client 3. Land cost and land development charges

Question 199

What tool can the architect use to minimize risk before releasing a set of documents and ensure they are complete and correct?

Answer 199

CHOP 2.1.9, Risks Related to Management of a Project - The Project: Design and Documentation: Checklists One of the most important elements in the management of risk is a thorough and comprehensive checking process. This element may the singular most important one in mitigating the risk of incomplete, incorrect, non-comprehensive or uncoordinated documents. Many practices develop and use exhaustive checklists to ensure that the many items required to complete a set of drawings have been included. A proper checking process is highly disciplined and should be followed rigorously. A simple method is to apply - without exception - the rule that the drawings and specifications are not to be sealed until after the checking process has been completed.

Question 200

What two documents define the nature and scope of the architect's services during the construction phase?

Answer 200

CHOP 2.3.10, Purpose of Contract Administration 1. The construction contract (such as CCCDC 2) 2. The client-architect agreement (such as Canadian Standard Form of Contract Between Client and Architect: RAIC Document Six).

Question 201

What's the relationship between Sound Transmission Class rating and an assembly's structural make-up?

Answer 201

NBC A-9.10.3.1. Acoustical ratings (or STC rating) for assemblies decrease with decreasing depth and decreasing separation of the structural members.

Question 202

When a contractor considers the work to be completed, they issue an application for final payment. What does the architect do next?

Answer 202

The architect reviews the work within 10 days, and if the architect agrees, will issue a certificate of final payment.

Question 203

When a project is nearing its end and the architect is ready to terminate their services why is it important for them to understand the lien legislation in their province or territory?

Answer 203

CHOP 2.3.10, p. 8 To be able to adequately prepare a Certificate of Substantial Performance which is based on this lien legislation.

Question 204

When an architect issues a Certificate for Payment to the owner, the architect guarantees that the contractor has done all of the work they are requesting payment for and that it has been done correctly and completely, true or false?

Answer 204

CCDC 2,GC 2.2.17 False. All certificates issued by the Consultant will be to the best of the Consultant's knowledge, information and belief. By issuing any certificate, the Consultant does not guarantee the Work is correct or complete.

Question 205

When are most client-architect agreements terminated and what should the architect do just before the termination of the agreement?

Answer 205

CHOP 2.1.9, Risks Related to Management of a Project - The Project: Post-construction Most client-architect agreements provide for the termination of the agreement one year following the date of substantial performance. The architect should provide a list of warranty items for correction by the contractor, following a final on-site review scheduled shortly before expiry of the warranty period.

Question 206

When are Parts 3,4,5 and 6 applied to buildngs?

Answer 206

NBC 1.3.3.2.(1) Post-disaster buildings Building used for major occupancies classified as Group A, assembly Group B, care, treatment or detention Group F, Division 1, high-hazard industrial Group C,D,E,and F2 & F3 exceeding 600 s.m. in building area or exceeding 3 storeys in building height

Question 207

When calculating a percentage-based fee, what should the architect use and what level of service does this fee include?

Answer 207

CHOP 2.1.10, The Architect's Fee - Fee Calculation Each provincial or territorial association of architects provides a schedule or tarrif of fees to be used by their member architects. In provincial or territorial fee guidelines, percentage fees usually include an outline of what they consider to be basic services plus the fees of structural, mechanical, and electrical engineers - the three common engineering disciplines.

Question 208

When drawings of different scales and different dates have conflicting information, which documents govern?

Answer 208

CHOP 2.3.7, Coordination of Drawings CCDC 2 GC 1.1.7 indicates that "drawings of a larger scale shall govern over those of smaller scale of the same date" and that "later dated documents shall govern over earlier documents of the same type".

Question 209

When reviewing and awarding construction contracts what should the architect do if the lowest bona fide bid exceeds the construction cost estimate by 15%?

Answer 209

CHOP 2.3.3 p.15 & RAIC Doc Six, General Conditions 3.4 1. Obtain approval from the client for an increase in the construction budget 2. Re-bid or negotiate 3. Modify the construction documents to reduce the construction cost (for no additional fee if the increased bid is not due to extraordinary market conditions or other factors not reasonably foreseeable by or under control of the architect). 4. Terminate the contract if the project is abandoned

Question 210

When reviewing bids, the architect may categorize them into two major types; what are they?

Answer 210

CHOP 2.3.9, Analysis of Bids - Bid Types 1. Compliant - meets all the bidding criteria 2. Non-compliant - any irregular bid that might be considered informal, non- responsive, incomplete, improperly qualified or conditional.

Question 211

Which of the following are considered to be an architect's instruments of service? Plans Sketches Drawings Graphic representations Specifications Computer-generated designs Reports

Answer 211

RAIC Document 6, Definitions All of them.

Question 212

Which of the following buildings require an architect in BC? 1. 1-storey movie theatre with a span of 8m and gross area of 200s.m. 2. Small, 100s.m. 2-classroom school 3. 2-storey, 400s.m. hospital with 10 beds 4. 3-storey, 550s.m. motel with 10 guest rooms 5. 4-storey, 500s.m. 5-unit townhouse 6. 1-storey, 450s.m. doughnut shop 7. 2-storey, 530s.m. warehouse, medium hazard 8. 1-storey 150s.m. biohazard facility 9. 2-storey, 590s.m. footprint, 6-unit townhouse 10. 3-storey, 1700s.m. gross (566 footprint) mansion

Answer 212

AIBC Bulletin 31 & NBC Div. A, 1.3.3.2. 1. No under the Architect's Act (AA) but yes under the National Building Code (NBC) 2. Yes under AA and NBC 3. No under AA, yes under NBC 4. No under AA, ??? under NBC 5. Yes under AA and NBC 6. No under AA, no under NBC 7. Yes under AA, no under NBC 8. Yes under AA and NBC 9. Yes under AA, no under NBC (to be confirmed) 10. No under AA, no under NBC

Question 213

Which soils are most susceptible to frost action?

Answer 213

Silts and clays are the most susceptible to frost action, while sands and gravels are the least - the same is true about permeability - low permeable soils retain water, which expands when frozen.

Question 214

Why should some types of consultants such as geotechnical engineers, not be hired directly by architects?

Answer 214

CHOP 1.2.3, Types of Consultants Geotechnical and environmental remediation engineers and certain other specialists (such as land surveyors) should be retained directly by the client because architectural professional liability insurance policies do not typically cover these services. Still, the architect should obtain form the client proof of professional liability insurance from all consultants that the client engages directly. Most insurance underwriters will, however, cover architects for hiring the three "basic engineering consultants" - these are structural, mechanical, and electrical engineers. If the architect chooses to hire a consultant directly that is not considered a "basic consultant" then they should use RAIC Document 9 as it references Document 6 and subjects that consultant to the general conditions of the main contract between the client and architect. Document 9 is not a stand alone agreement and it is expected that the RAIC Document 6 be appended to it - ensures the consultants have a full understanding of the expected and required services (Agreements with Consultants)