Exam for Genetics level 1 Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
What is a trait?
A characteristic or features of organisms
What is an Enzyme?
A substance that is produced by a living organism
What is a gene?
Section of DNA that codes for a specific protein
What is the two ladders called in a DNA structure?
Double Helix (Twisted ladder)
Adenine (A) base pair?
Thymine (T)
Thymine (T) base pair?
Adenine (A)
Guanine (G) base pair?
Cytosine (C)
Cytosine (C) base pair?
Guanine (G)
What is a mutation?
A mutation is a permanent change in genetics code that is caused by a genetic sequence
What is a allele?
Alternative form of a gene / variation of a gene
What is a genotype?
A combination of alleles that an organism possesses for a certian trait called ‘genotype’ (CC,Cc,cc)
What is a phenotype?
Things that you can see ( hair colour, eye colour, Hair lines )
What are CC and cc called?
Homozygous ( CC dominant, cc recessive)
What is Cc called?
Hetrozygous
What is a gamete?
A set cell eg sperm , egg, which has half the set chromosomes of other cells
Haploid?
n
Diploid?
2n
Mitosis meaning?
Cell division for growth and repair
What does mitosis give you?
Two genetically identical daughter cells
Meiosis meaning?
Meiosis has 2 main cell divisions
What does meiosis give you?
4 unique cells
Crossing over?
There are many crossing over points on chromosomes in meiosis cell division which gives you more variation
Test cross?
A way to find out if two parents kid is HH or Hh H? x hh
Punnett Squares?
Very similar to test crosses but its to predict an outcome on a disease or a person (etc..)
Ratios?
example….
| X | X |
——————————-
X | XX | XX |
——————————-
Y | XY | XY |
——————————-
Phenotype Ratio: 2 male: 2 female
Genotype Ratio: 2 XX : 2 XY
50% Male : 50% Female
Pedigree analysis meaning?
used to trace an inheritance or a trait in the family
Variation meaning?
A phenotype difference within a population
~o + o = O
(Sperm + Egg = Zygote) ( show n’s pattern)
n + n = 2n
