exam flash cards

1
Q

Modal model of memory

A

info –> sensory memory –> attention —output OR LTM

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2
Q

Memory

A

The process of encoding, retaining, retrieving, using and storing information.

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3
Q

Sensory memory

A

Briefest stage of memory, regarding everything that comes in through the senses.

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4
Q

What is the capacity of STM? The duration?

A

Large capacity, small duration; there is a rapid decay.

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5
Q

Iconic vs echoic memory

A

Iconic=visual stimuli. Echoic=auditory stimuli.

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6
Q

Brown Peterson task

A

Participants are given a trigram to remember and then a random number to count backwards from. This found that almost all participants forgot the trigram after 20 seconds of counting.

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7
Q

Why is info lost from short term memory?

A

Decay or interference

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8
Q

Decay

A

Information “falls apart” and is forgotten

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9
Q

Interference

A

Other info bumps info out

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10
Q

2 types of interference

A

Retroactive (new info interferes with old) and proactive (old info interferes with new)

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11
Q

Working memory

A

A limited capacity system for the temporary storage and manipulation of info for complex tasks

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11
Q

Capacity of working memory

A

4 +/- 1

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12
Q

Capacity of short term memory

A

7 +/- 1

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12
Q

Baddeley’s working model of memory

A

Phonological loop and visual spacial sketchpad, all controlled by the central executive

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13
Q

Phonological loop

A

Visual and auditory information

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14
Q

Visual spacial sketchpad

A

Visual and spacial information

15
Q

Central executive

A

How you interact with your thoughts. Controls attention given, gathers info from LTM and coordinated the PL and VSS

16
Q

Evidence for the PL

A

Trying to recall auditory info while talking

17
Q

Evidence for the VSS

A

Image subtraction

18
Q

Episodic memory

19
Q

Semantic memory

A

Memory of information

20
Q

Implicit memory

A

Memory we are unaware of

20
Q

Tulving study

A

Participants were given a list of words and asked to repeat them. They were then given fragmented words, some from the original list, some not. They found that participants could fill in a word they had seen before, but not new ones, even if they had forgotten the word originally.

20
Q

New semantic memories depend on…

A

Hippocampus

21
New episodic memories depend on...
Underlying corticies
22
Clive Wearing
No LTM, some STM
23
HM
No LTM, some STM
24
KF
LTM untouched, no STM
25
Serial position curve
26
Maintenance rehearsal
Form of shallow processing, repeating over and over
27
Elaborative rehearsal
Form of deep processing, connecting meaning to information
28
Massed practice
Cramming
29
Distributed practice
Shorter, but more sessions
30
Levels of processing theory
The type of rehearsal we do affects how/if information is committed to memory
31
Self reference affect
You are able to recall info better when you relate it to yourself during encoding
32
Survival state affect
When you are in survival mode, you will remember info better, due to evolution