exam flash cards

Question 1

Modal model of memory

Answer 1

info –> sensory memory –> attention —output OR LTM

Question 2

Memory

Answer 2

The process of encoding, retaining, retrieving, using and storing information.

Question 3

Sensory memory

Answer 3

Briefest stage of memory, regarding everything that comes in through the senses.

Question 4

What is the capacity of STM? The duration?

Answer 4

Large capacity, small duration; there is a rapid decay.

Question 5

Iconic vs echoic memory

Answer 5

Iconic=visual stimuli. Echoic=auditory stimuli.

Question 6

Brown Peterson task

Answer 6

Participants are given a trigram to remember and then a random number to count backwards from. This found that almost all participants forgot the trigram after 20 seconds of counting.

Question 7

Why is info lost from short term memory?

Answer 7

Decay or interference

Question 8

Decay

Answer 8

Information “falls apart” and is forgotten

Question 9

Interference

Answer 9

Other info bumps info out

Question 10

2 types of interference

Answer 10

Retroactive (new info interferes with old) and proactive (old info interferes with new)

Question 11

Working memory

Answer 11

A limited capacity system for the temporary storage and manipulation of info for complex tasks

Question 11

Capacity of working memory

Answer 11

4 +/- 1

Question 12

Capacity of short term memory

Answer 12

7 +/- 1

Question 12

Baddeley’s working model of memory

Answer 12

Phonological loop and visual spacial sketchpad, all controlled by the central executive

Question 13

Phonological loop

Answer 13

Visual and auditory information

Question 14

Visual spacial sketchpad

Answer 14

Visual and spacial information

Question 15

Central executive

Answer 15

How you interact with your thoughts. Controls attention given, gathers info from LTM and coordinated the PL and VSS

Question 16

Evidence for the PL

Answer 16

Trying to recall auditory info while talking

Question 17

Evidence for the VSS

Answer 17

Image subtraction

Question 18

Episodic memory

Question 19

Semantic memory

Answer 19

Memory of information

Question 20

Implicit memory

Answer 20

Memory we are unaware of

Question 20

Tulving study

Answer 20

Participants were given a list of words and asked to repeat them. They were then given fragmented words, some from the original list, some not. They found that participants could fill in a word they had seen before, but not new ones, even if they had forgotten the word originally.

Question 20

New semantic memories depend on…

Answer 20

Hippocampus

Question 21

New episodic memories depend on…

Answer 21

Underlying corticies

Question 22

Clive Wearing

Answer 22

No LTM, some STM

Question 23

HM

Answer 23

No LTM, some STM

Question 24

KF

Answer 24

LTM untouched, no STM

Question 25

Serial position curve

Question 26

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 26

Form of shallow processing, repeating over and over

Question 27

Elaborative rehearsal

Answer 27

Form of deep processing, connecting meaning to information

Question 28

Massed practice

Answer 28

Cramming

Question 29

Distributed practice

Answer 29

Shorter, but more sessions

Question 30

Levels of processing theory

Answer 30

The type of rehearsal we do affects how/if information is committed to memory

Question 31

Self reference affect

Answer 31

You are able to recall info better when you relate it to yourself during encoding

Question 32

Survival state affect

Answer 32

When you are in survival mode, you will remember info better, due to evolution