Exam Definitions

Question 1

What does PIES-M stand for

Answer 1

Physical, Intellectual, Emotional, Social and Moral

Question 2

What are the two types of physical skills

Answer 2

Fine motor and gross motor

Question 3

Define Fine Motor

Answer 3

requires the use of hands and fingers

Question 4

Define gross motor

Answer 4

requires the use of large muscle groups

Question 5

define intellectual skills

Answer 5

involves thinking and language skills (following directions, solving problems, writing name)

Question 6

define emotional skills

Answer 6

helping children to control and regulate their emotions

Question 7

define social skills

Answer 7

helps children to get along and interact positively with others

Question 8

define moral skills

Answer 8

teaching preschoolers right from wrong according to our culture

Question 9

what is schedualling

Answer 9

having an organized daily schedule that children are able to follow (using photos and visual cues)

Question 10

define rules

Answer 10

show children what is expected and how they should act

Question 11

define rituals

Answer 11

song/rhythm/pattern repeated in a predictable pattern to communicate to children

Question 12

define routine

Answer 12

(like the daily schedule) allows the children to know what’s next and should be similar everyday

Question 13

cephalocaudal principle

Answer 13

development tends to proceed from the head downward. Child first gains control of its head, then neck, then arms and then legs

Question 14

proximodistal principle

Answer 14

development proceeds from the center of the body, outward. Child’s spinal cord develops before other parts. Arms develop before hands and then fingers

Question 15

maturation

Answer 15

sequence of biological changes in children which gives them new abilities. It depends on the development of the brain and nervous system. The changes help children improve their thinking abilities and fine motor skills.

Question 16

Developmental theories

Answer 16

provide insights into how children learn and grow

Question 17

schemata

Answer 17

(Piaget) mental representations or consepts

Question 18

adaptation

Answer 18

(Piaget) when children mentally organize what they perceive (understand) in their environment. If info doesn’t fit, a state of imbalance occurs.

Question 19

What is used to return to a state of balance in the brain

Answer 19

Assimilation & Accommodation

Question 20

assimilation

Answer 20

(Piaget) taking in new info and adding it to what is already known

Question 21

accommodation

Answer 21

(Piaget) adjusting to what is already known to fit the new info (how thoughts are organized)

Question 22

object permanence

Answer 22

(Piaget: sensorimotor) learning objects still exist even when they are out of sight

Question 23

egocentric

Answer 23

(Piaget: Preoperational) assuming others see the world the same way they do

Question 24

conservation

Answer 24

(Piaget: Preoperational) knowing even if physical apperance changes, the amount doesn’t change

Question 25

scaffolding

Answer 25

(Vygotsky) the help from a knowledgeable peer or adult to complete a task

Question 26

windows of opprotunities

Answer 26

specific span of time for the normal development of certian types of skills

Question 27

plasticity

Answer 27

the ability of an infant's brain to change according to stimulation

Question 28

cortisol

Answer 28

a steroid that is produced when under stress. High levels of it wash over the brain like acid and over time can lead to memory loss and issues regulating emotions

Question 29

brain wiring

Answer 29

when new links of specialized nerve cells are formed

Question 30

sensory stimulation

Answer 30

when one of the child's senses are stimulated causing new connections

Question 31

overstimulation

Answer 31

a flood of sounds and sights which causes harmful stress to infants

Question 32

conseption

Answer 32

when egg and sperm meet

Question 33

HCG (Human Chronic Gonadotropin)

Answer 33

hormone from the placenta appearing in he blood/urine conforms pregnancy

Question 34

colostrum

Answer 34

first milk

Question 35

hemorrhoids

Answer 35

sores

Question 36

Zone of proximal development (ZPD)

Answer 36

Vygotsky's sociocultural theory - shows a learning scale where one end is tasks at child's development level and the other end is too hard, even with help. The center is tasks that can by completed with help. The "zone" is constantly changing

Question 37

Options for an infertial couple

Answer 37

Adoption, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, ovum transfer, surrogate mother

Question 38

In vitro fertilization

Answer 38

Happens when a mother has damaged fallopian tubes. Egg and sperm are combined and then zygote is placed in unterus

Question 39

Artificial insemination

Answer 39

Doctor injects sperm into women's uterus with needle

Question 40

Ovum transfer

Answer 40

Egg is taken from female donner and placed in women's uterus

Question 41

Surrogate mother

Answer 41

A mother who becomes pregnate for another couple (carries a couple's fertilized egg)

Question 42

Labor

Answer 42

The process by which the baby gradually moves out of the uterus to be born

Question 43

Delivery

Answer 43

The birth itself

Question 44

Pruning

Answer 44

When unused neural circuits are eliminated. It is also the selection of active neural circuits

Question 45

Neural tube

Answer 45

Is the earliest nervous tissue that looks like a fat earthworm stretched out along the entire back of the embryo. It transforms into the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 46

How many chromosomes do each child receive?

Answer 46

46 - 23 from each

Question 47

frontal lobe

Answer 47

thinking, planning, problem solving, emotions, behavioral control and decision making

Question 48

temporal lobe

Answer 48

memory, understanding language, facial recognition, hearing, vision, speach, emotion

Question 49

parietal lobe

Answer 49

preception, object classification, spelling, knowledge of numbers, visuospatial processing

Question 50

occipital lobe

Answer 50

vision, visual processing, color identification

Question 51

cerebellum

Answer 51

gross and fine motor skills, hand eye coordination, balance

Question 52

brain stem

Answer 52

regulate body temperature, heart rate, swallowing, breathing

Question 53

fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 53

a term for a range of disorders. these disorders can be mild to severe and can cause a wide range of mental and physical birth defects

Question 54

What causes FAS

Answer 54

When a mother drinks while pregnate and the alcohol travels through the placenta and into the baby

Question 55

Signs of FAS

Answer 55

Small head, abnormal facial features, below average height and weight, delayed development and problems with speech, thinking, movement, and social skills, learning disabilities and intellectual disables