Exam Definitions

Question 1

Health

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

Physical Health

Answer 2

Refers to the efficient functioning of the body and it’s systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness

Question 3

Mental Health

Answer 3

A state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own potential, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and can make a contribution to the community

Question 4

Social Health

Answer 4

Being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and corporative way

Question 5

Emergency Aid

Answer 5

Is rapid assistance given people or a country in immediate distress to relieve suffering during and after a human made emergency, such as war, or a natural disaster, such as a flood

Question 6

Biomedical model of health

Answer 6

An approach that treats people once symptoms of ill health are present

Question 7

Social model of health

Answer 7

An approach to health that attempts to address the broader influences on health, rather than the disease or injury itself

Question 8

Sustainability

Answer 8

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

Question 9

Life Expectancy

Answer 9

An indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years a life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change

Question 10

Human Development

Answer 10

Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential, lead productive, creative lives according to their needs and interests

Question 11

Sanitation

Answer 11

The process of eliminating contact between humans and hazardous waste, including human and animal faeces, solid wastes, domestic waste water, industrial wastes and agricultural wastes

Question 12

Developed country/Developing country

Answer 12

A country that has (has not) progressed adequately with regard to economic, mortality and demographic indicators

Question 13

Health Status

Answer 13

An individual’s or population’s overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors

Question 14

Morbidity

Answer 14

Refers to the ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population group

Question 15

Mortality

Answer 15

Deaths in the population, the measure of the proportion of a population who die in a one year period

Question 16

Incidence

Answer 16

The number or rate of new cases of a disease during a specific time

Question 17

Prevalence

Answer 17

The number or proportion of total cases of a particular disease present in a population at a given time

Question 18

Health Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE)

Answer 18

A measure of burden of disease, based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health

Question 19

Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALY)

Answer 19

A measure of burden of disease, one DALY equals one year of health life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury

Question 20

Burden of Disease

Answer 20

A measure of the impact of diseases and injuries, measuring the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability