Exam Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Boiling point

A

The temperature of a liquid at which its vapour pressure equals the external atmospheric pressure

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2
Q

Temperature

A

The average kinetic energy of particles

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3
Q

Ionisation energy

A

The energy required per mole to remove an electron from an atom in the gaseous phase

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4
Q

Electron affinity

A

The amount of energy released when a neutral atom accepts an additional electron to form an anion

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5
Q

Electronegativity

A

A measure of the tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract a bonding pair of electrons

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6
Q

Mole

A

The amount of substance having the same number of particles as there are atoms in 12g of carbon-12

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7
Q

Molar mass

A

The mass in grams of one mole of that substance

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8
Q

Solution

A

Homogenous mixture of solvent and solute

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9
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved in the solution

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10
Q

Solvent

A

The substance in which another substance is dissolved, forming a solution

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11
Q

Molar concentration

A

The amount of solute per unit volume of solution

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12
Q

Intramolecular bond

A

Bond between atoms within molecules

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13
Q

Covalent bond

A

Involves the sharing of at least one pair of electrons by 2 atoms

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14
Q

Ionic bond

A

Involves the transfer of electrons to form cations and anions which are electrostatically attracted in an ionic crystal latice

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15
Q

Metallic bonding

A

The attraction between positive kernels and a delocalised sea of electrons

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16
Q

Intermolecular force

A

The force of attraction between molecules or between atoms of a noble gas

17
Q

Polar Molecule/Dipole

A

Molecule in which the electrons are unevenly distributed resulting in a δ- and δ+ end

18
Q

Heat of reaction

A

The net change of chemical potential energy of the system

19
Q

Exothermic reactions

A

Reactions which transform chemical potential energy into thermal energy

20
Q

Endothermic reactions

A

Reactions which transform thermal energy into chemical potential energy

21
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction

22
Q

Activated complex

A

A high energy, unstable transition state between the reactants and the products

23
Q

Reaction rate

A

The change in the amount of concentration per unit time of either reactant or product

24
Q

Catalyst

A

A substance that increases the rate of the reaction but remains unchanged at the end of the reaction

25
Q

Collision Theory

A

A model that explains that a reaction will only proceed when reactant particles collide effectively

26
Q

Limiting reagent

A

The substance that is totally consumed or consumed first during a chemical reaction

27
Q

Closed system

A

A system in which mass is conserved inside the system but energy can enter or leave the system freely

28
Q

Open system

A

A system in which both energy and matter can be exchanged between the system and its surroundings

29
Q

Reversible reaction

A

A reaction in which products can be converted back into reactants.

30
Q

Dynamic equilibrium

A

A reversible reaction in which the forward and the reverse reactions are occurring simultaneously at the same rate

31
Q

Le Châtelier’s Principle

A

When an external stress is applied to a system in dynamic chemical equilibrium, the equilibrium point will change in such a way as to counteract the stress