exam definition review

Question 1

treaty

Answer 1

a legally binding and formal agreement between countries ,made through negotiating

a formal agreement between nation states that defines and modifies their mutual duties and obligations

typically established to address specific issues, regulate relations, or establish mutual obligations and rights

Question 2

humanitarian

Answer 2

a person who seeks to promote and protect human welfare and alleviate suffering, often through charitable actions and advocacy

having concern for or helping to improve the welfare and happiness of people ex. harriet tubman

Question 3

grassroots

Answer 3

movements, initiatives, or actions that are developed and driven by the ordinary people who are directly affected by specific issues, rather than by centralized, top-down authorities or external organizations

It embodies a bottom-up approach, where local communities or individuals initiate and lead efforts to address and resolve social problems based on their unique experiences and needs

focused on collective mass participation

ex. movements

Question 4

equality

Answer 4

equality means each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities

treating people the SAME without regard for individual differences.

Question 5

empowerment

Answer 5

increasing the spiritual, political, social, or economic strength of individuals and communities

It is used in relation to giving marginalized individuals and groups the ability claim their rights to participate fully in society through, for instance, legislation, affirmative action and training

the process of becoming stronger and more confident, especially in controlling one’s life and claiming one’s rights

authority or power given to someone to do something

Question 6

social justice

Answer 6

a concept based on the belief that each individual and group within a given society has a right to equal opportunity, civil liberties, and full participation in the social, educational, economic, institutional, and moral freedoms and responsibilities of that society

Question 7

islamophobia

Answer 7

prejudice against Islam or Muslims

Question 8

anti-racism

Answer 8

an active and consistent process of change to eliminate individual, institutional and systemic racism as well as the oppression and injustice racism causes

the policy or practice of opposing racism and promoting racial equality

Question 9

inclusion

Answer 9

appreciating and using our unique differences – strengths, talents, weaknesses and frailties – in a way that shows respect for the individual and ultimately creates a dynamic multi-dimensional organization

the practice or policy of providing equal access to opportunities and resources for people who might otherwise be excluded or marginalized, such as those who have physical or intellectual disabilities and members of other minority groups

Question 10

colonialism

Answer 10

Europeans taking control of land and resources that were already discovered by those living there

they wiped out Indigenous peoples in North and South America

invented this idea that there were different “races” and the white race was the most superior

reduced the inhabitants of these lands to being treated as 3rd class citizens

Question 11

stereotype

Answer 11

incorrect assumption based on things like race, colour, ethnic origin, place of origin, religion, etc

typically involves attributing the same characteristics to all members of a group regardless of their individual differences

often based on misconceptions, incomplete information and/or false generalizations

Question 12

diversity

Answer 12

the presence of a wide range of human qualities and attributes within an individual, group or organization

the practice or quality of including or involving people from a range of different social and ethnic backgrounds and of different genders, sexual orientations, etc

Question 13

civil disobedience

Answer 13

the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest

Question 14

bias

Answer 14

a predisposition, prejudice or generalization about a group of persons based on personal characteristics or stereotypes

discrimination for, or against, a person or group, or a set of ideas or beliefs, in a way that is prejudicial or unfair

ex. gender, racial, class bias

kind fo like discriminatione xcept its the actual thought and belief whereas discrimination is the action

ex. Police might be more inclined to arrest Black suspects and prosecutors might be more apt to pursue cases against Black defendants

Question 15

human rights

Answer 15

a right that is believed to belong justifiably to every person

Question 16

ageism

Answer 16

discrimination against older people because of negative and inaccurate stereotypes

Question 17

gender

Answer 17

refers to the characteristics of women and men (or feminine and masculine) that are socially constructed

ex. the stereotype that real men are stoic, while women are emotional, or that boys wear blue and women wear pink.

Question 18

feminism

Answer 18

advocacy for the social, political, economic, and personal equality of all genders, emphasizing the elimination of systemic inequalities and discrimination against women.

Question 19

advocacy

Answer 19

act of supporting, speaking up for, or taking action on behalf of a cause, idea, or group of people to bring about positive change or influence decisions and policies

Question 20

genocide

Answer 20

the deliberate killing of a large number of people from a particular nation or ethnic group with the aim of destroying that nation or group

Question 21

globalization

Answer 21

term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place through the exchange of goods, services, information, and culture

ex. Walmart having its manufacturing facilities in China

Question 22

protest

Answer 22

a public expression of objection, disapproval, or dissent towards an idea or action, typically a political one

Question 23

entitlement

Answer 23

the fact of having a right to something

dominant group in society

those who gain power, whether they want it or not because their difference is more desirable, legitimized or sanctioned by society

Question 24

discrimination

Answer 24

unequal treatment of people based on their membership in a group

treating someone unfairly by either imposing a burden on them, or denying them a privilege, benefit or opportunity enjoyed by others, because of their race, citizenship, family status, disability, sex or other personal characteristics

discrimination is behaviour; to discriminate is to treat a person, not on the basis of their intrinsic individual qualities, but on the basis of a prejudgment about a group

ex. discrimination of sex- a workplace adopts a rule of not hiring women who wish to start a family

Question 25

oppression

Answer 25

based on the exploitation of difference

the exercise of social power by a dominant group over another

often unintentional and invisible but it is clearly identifiable in society

can be overt (ex. the use of police or other bodies to repress a group of individuals) or covert (ex. group interactions of everyday life)

the dominant group has the power to define and name reality and determine what is “normal,” “real,” or “correct”

Those who are exploited in society because of their difference

ex. rich oppress the poor, white oppress the non-white

Question 26

petition

Answer 26

a formal written request, typically one signed by many people, appealing to authority with respect to a particular cause

Question 27

climate change

Answer 27

long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s local, regional and global climates

Question 28

free speech

Answer 28

the right to speak, write, and share ideas and opinions without facing punishment from the government

Question 29

ableism

Answer 29

attitudes in society that devalue and limit the potential of persons with disabilities

discrimination and social prejudice against people with physical or mental disabilities

Question 30

equity

Answer 30

equity recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome

Treating people DIFFERENTLY based on their different needs in order to ensure their equality of access

Fair, inclusive, and respectful treatment of all people

Question 31

ACTIVISM

Answer 31

1. start with yourself (find a cause that you feel personally connected to)
2. educate yourself and others (in daily conversations speak up, watch your language, dont let comments slide) (make conversations which will remove the taboo)
3. sign and make petitions
4. POWER in voting
5. pay attention to politics
6. protests (maybe)
7. financially support speakers or organisations that support your view