Exam Deck | Theories Flashcards
WHO proposed DESIGN FEATURES OF LANGUAGE
Charles F. Hockett
Properties that characterize human speech (from 7 to 16)
Design features of language
ENUMERATE the design features of language
- Vocal auditory channel
- Broadcast Transmission and directional reception
- Rapid fading
- Interchangeability
- Complete feedback
- Specialization
- Semanticity
- Arbitrariness
- Discreteness
- Displacement
- Productivity/openness
- Duality of Patterning
- Cultural (or traditional) transmission
- Prevarication
- Reflexiveness
- Learnability
What is the “emic” approach in Anthropology?
Introduced by linguist Pike, in phonemic (native speaker) and phonetic (linguistic) perspectives and approach in research centered in the native’s point of view. - insider’s perspective, members of the culture are those who are the main source of information
Features of ethnoscience
Localized
Orally-transmitted
Consequence of practical life
Empirical
Constantly changing
Holistic
Lexical classification of the social and physical environments of speakers of a language by means of its vocabulary rather than the relationships of grammatical categories
Ethnoscience
deals with the naming and classification of organisms through culture
Folk taxonomy
method of formal analysis or of ethnographic description
Componential analysis
Grammar is to language as rules are to a game
- may share features
- understanding word is like a move in a chess game
- varied understanding
game metaphor “Wittgenstein”
-Language as pragmatic
-speech acts are unit of actions
Speech act theory
Speech act uses
Assertives, Directives, Expressives, Declaratives, Commissives
Austin’s 3 types of acts
Locutionary (meaning), Illocutionary (force), Perlocutionary (effect)
Felicity Conditions (success of speech act)
A1 - Conventionality of procedure
A2 - Appropriate number and types of participants and circumstances
B1 - Complete execution of procedure
B2 - Complete participation
C1 - Sincerity of conditions
C2 - Consequent Behavior
The ability to use grammatical competence in a variety of communicative situations
Communicative Competence
3 building blocks of EOC
Ethnographic methods, communicative events, model of components (SPEAKING model)
