EXAM CRAM PSYCH

Question 1

WIlhelm Wundt

Answer 1

Known as the father of psychology, set up the first psychiologica; lab

Question 2

Structuralism

Answer 2

Different structures of thought. The belief that the mind operates with combining subjective emotions and objective sensations

Question 3

Functionalism

Answer 3

Mental and behavioral structures, evolved functions. Looks to understand mental and behavioral processes

Question 4

Gestalt psychology

Answer 4

Examined the total experience and organizational process

Question 5

Psychoanalytic

Answer 5

Freud; looks at how behaviors and mental processes are influenced by the ego, id, and superego. UNCONCIOUS

Question 6

Schools of thought/ psychological perspectives

Answer 6

Humanist 
Psychoanalytic
Biopsychology / Biological
Evolutionary (Darwin)
Behavioral 
Cognitive 
Social-cultural

Question 7

Validity

Answer 7

When research measures what the researcher wanted to measure

Question 8

Reliability

Answer 8

When testees recieve similar results

Question 9

Sample vs. Population

Answer 9

A sample is taken from a defined population

Question 10

Sampling bias

Answer 10

When the sample does not represent the population

Question 11

Representative sample

Answer 11

When the sample accurately represents the population

Question 12

Field experiments

Answer 12

Experiments conducted in the world

Question 13

Longitudinal studies

Answer 13

Lengthy studies that go on for a long period of time

Question 14

Cross-sectional studies

Answer 14

Studies that include different groups over a short period of time

Question 15

Independent variable

Answer 15

The cause

Question 16

Dependent variable

Answer 16

The effect

Question 17

Confounding variables

Answer 17

Additional variables that may impact the research

Question 18

Single blind study

Answer 18

When participants are unaware of the group they are in

Question 19

Double blind study

Answer 19

When participants and the researcher are unaware which group participants are in

Question 20

Placebo

Answer 20

When groups act differently based on knowing they are in an experiment

Question 21

Control group

Answer 21

The group not given the independent variable

Question 22

Experimental group

Answer 22

The group that receives the independent variable

Question 23

Hindsight bias

Answer 23

The tendency to think that one could have anticipated the outcome of an event after it occurred

Question 24

False consensus effect

Answer 24

When individuals overestimate how many others share their ideas

Question 25

Confirmation bias

Answer 25

When individuals ignore conflicting information to prove their already set idea

Question 26

Experimenter bias

Answer 26

When researchers unknowingly influence the outcome of the research

Question 27

Social desirability bias

Answer 27

When participants in a study skew their answers to create a more favorable impression

Question 28

Hawthorne effect

Answer 28

When a participant alters their behavior after knowing they are being observed