Exam- chapter 16

Question 1

Psychotherapy

Answer 1

an interactive experience with a trained professional, working on understanding and changing behaviour, thinking, relationships and emotions

Question 2

Biological Therapy

Answer 2

use of medications and other procedures acting directly on the body to reduce the symptoms of mental disorders

Question 3

Psychotropic drug

Answer 3

drug that acts primarily on the brain
- Most prescriptions for anti-anxiety drugs, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics

Question 4

Anti-anxiety drugs:

Answer 4

designed to reduce anxiety without affecting alertness or concentration
- Valium, Xanax, Prozac
- Slows down excitatory synaptic activity
- Side effects: drowsiness, lethargy, dependence
- Newer drugs: enhances inhibitory GABA, fewer side effects

Question 5

Antidepressants

Answer 5

designed to improve mood and reduce other depression symptoms
- Elavil, Nardil, Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
- increases levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
- Three types of antidepressants: MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Question 6

Mood stabilizers:

Answer 6

Lithonate (lithium)
Standard treatment for bipolar disorder from 1950s–1980s
Many serious side effects
Designed to improve intense shifts in mood from one extreme state to another

Question 7

Antipsychotics

Answer 7

major tranquillizers
- Designed to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia, especially ‘positive’ symptoms (eg: delusions & hallucinations)
-Thorazine, Clozaril, Risperdal
- decreases the action of dopamine
- Side effects: obesity, diabetes, movement problems

Question 8

ECT

Answer 8

Electroconvulsive therapy
- Used to treat depression by sending an electrical current through the brain, producing a brain seizure
- Effects can be immediate
- Can cause memory problems

Question 9

Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Answer 9

A noninvasive procedure used to treat depression
- Stimulates a focal area of the frontal lobes with a powerful magnetic field

Question 10

Vagus nerve stimulation

Answer 10

• An implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to a specific region of the brain
• Helps reduce depression in many people

Question 11

psychosurgery

Answer 11

procedures that remove or destroy parts of the brain
- least used

Question 12

Lobotomy

Answer 12

destroys nerve tracts to front lobes
- treatment for schizophrinia

Question 13

Free association

Answer 13

uncensored, verbal reports of thoughts, feelings, or images that enter awareness

Question 14

Dream Interpretation

Answer 14

therapist helped client understand the symbolic meaning of their dreams

Question 15

resistance

Answer 15

defensive maneuvers that hinder the process of therapy are signs that sensitive material is being approaached

Question 16

Transference

Answer 16

when the client shifts feelings for figures from childhood on to the therapist

Question 17

Catharsis

Answer 17

reliving of past repressed feelings to resolve conflict

Question 18

Classical conditioning

Answer 18

exposure approach and aversion therapy

Question 19

exposure approach

Answer 19

treat phobias through the exposure to CS (stimulus) without being allowed to escape

Question 20

Flooding (exposure treatment- classical conditioning)

Answer 20

extensive exposure to the feared CS until there is no more fear

Question 21

Systematic desensitization

Answer 21

progression through a fear hierarchy while practicing relaxation at each step

Question 22

aversion therapy

Answer 22

a person learns to associate the stimulus that they desire with something aversive

Question 23

operant conditioning treatments

Answer 23

use positive reinforcement, extinction, negative reinforcement or punishment

Question 24

Cognitive behavioural therapies

Answer 24

therapy that works on problem, thoughts and behaviours

Question 25

3 kinds of cognitive behaviour therapy

Answer 25

Ellis’ rational emotive therapy, Becks’s cognitive therapy, second wave behaviour therapies

Question 26

Ellis’ Rational-Emotive Therapy:

Answer 26

goal is to identify irrational assumptions that lead to disordered emotional and behavioural responses

Question 27

Beck’s cognitive therapy

Answer 27

widely used for depression

Question 28

Second - wave cognitive- behavioural therapies

Answer 28

Recognize problematic thoughts as just thoughts
Learn to accept thoughts rather than try to eliminate them
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Used for treating generalized anxiety disorder