Exam- chapter 16 Flashcards
Psychotherapy
an interactive experience with a trained professional, working on understanding and changing behaviour, thinking, relationships and emotions
Biological Therapy
use of medications and other procedures acting directly on the body to reduce the symptoms of mental disorders
Psychotropic drug
drug that acts primarily on the brain
- Most prescriptions for anti-anxiety drugs, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and antipsychotics
Anti-anxiety drugs:
designed to reduce anxiety without affecting alertness or concentration
- Valium, Xanax, Prozac
- Slows down excitatory synaptic activity
- Side effects: drowsiness, lethargy, dependence
- Newer drugs: enhances inhibitory GABA, fewer side effects
Antidepressants
designed to improve mood and reduce other depression symptoms
- Elavil, Nardil, Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
- increases levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
- Three types of antidepressants: MAO inhibitors, tricyclics, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Mood stabilizers:
Lithonate (lithium)
Standard treatment for bipolar disorder from 1950s–1980s
Many serious side effects
Designed to improve intense shifts in mood from one extreme state to another
Antipsychotics
major tranquillizers
- Designed to reduce symptoms of schizophrenia, especially ‘positive’ symptoms (eg: delusions & hallucinations)
-Thorazine, Clozaril, Risperdal
- decreases the action of dopamine
- Side effects: obesity, diabetes, movement problems
ECT
Electroconvulsive therapy
- Used to treat depression by sending an electrical current through the brain, producing a brain seizure
- Effects can be immediate
- Can cause memory problems
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
A noninvasive procedure used to treat depression
- Stimulates a focal area of the frontal lobes with a powerful magnetic field
Vagus nerve stimulation
- An implanted pulse generator sends electrical signals to a specific region of the brain
- Helps reduce depression in many people
psychosurgery
procedures that remove or destroy parts of the brain
- least used
Lobotomy
destroys nerve tracts to front lobes
- treatment for schizophrinia
Free association
uncensored, verbal reports of thoughts, feelings, or images that enter awareness
Dream Interpretation
therapist helped client understand the symbolic meaning of their dreams
resistance
defensive maneuvers that hinder the process of therapy are signs that sensitive material is being approaached
Transference
when the client shifts feelings for figures from childhood on to the therapist
Catharsis
reliving of past repressed feelings to resolve conflict
Classical conditioning
exposure approach and aversion therapy
exposure approach
treat phobias through the exposure to CS (stimulus) without being allowed to escape
Flooding (exposure treatment- classical conditioning)
extensive exposure to the feared CS until there is no more fear
Systematic desensitization
progression through a fear hierarchy while practicing relaxation at each step
aversion therapy
a person learns to associate the stimulus that they desire with something aversive
operant conditioning treatments
use positive reinforcement, extinction, negative reinforcement or punishment
Cognitive behavioural therapies
therapy that works on problem, thoughts and behaviours
3 kinds of cognitive behaviour therapy
Ellis’ rational emotive therapy, Becks’s cognitive therapy, second wave behaviour therapies
Ellis’ Rational-Emotive Therapy:
goal is to identify irrational assumptions that lead to disordered emotional and behavioural responses
Beck’s cognitive therapy
widely used for depression
Second - wave cognitive- behavioural therapies
Recognize problematic thoughts as just thoughts
Learn to accept thoughts rather than try to eliminate them
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy
Used for treating generalized anxiety disorder
