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Biology 10 > Exam Ch. 12-16.3 > Flashcards

Exam Ch. 12-16.3 Flashcards

1
Q

Study of how living things interact with each other and their physical environment

A

Ecology

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2
Q

Whats the environment or home of an organism?

A

Habitat

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3
Q

Earth surface in which life exists

A

Biosphere

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4
Q

Large geographic regions

A

Biomes

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5
Q

What is the basic unit of ecology?

A

Ecosystem

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6
Q

All the living things in an ecosystem

A

Community

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7
Q

Group of species living in the same ecosystem

A

Population

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8
Q

Most basic unit of ecology

A

Organism

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9
Q

Ecosystems ability to withstand change

A

Stability

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10
Q

Maximum population size that an ecosystem can currently support

A

Carrying capacity

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11
Q

Number and variety of species living in an ecosystem

A

Biodiversity

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12
Q

Abiotic factors

A

radiation, water, soil, temperature, atmosphere, and wind

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13
Q

Range of values that is needed for an organisms survival

A

Tolerance range

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14
Q

Organisms tolerance range for temperature

A

Optimum range

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15
Q

Any factor outside an organism’s tolerance range

A

Limiting factor

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16
Q

Organisms that make their own food

A

Autotrophs

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17
Q

Consumer organisms

A

Heterotrophs

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18
Q

Organisms that eat meat

A

Carnivore

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19
Q

Organisms that eat plants

A

Herbivores

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20
Q

Organisms that eat both plants and animals

A

Omnivore

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21
Q

Classification that describes feeding relationships to other organisms in an ecosystem

A

Trophic level

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22
Q

Carnivore in the top trophic level

A

Top carnivore

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23
Q

Model that shows nutritional relationships among organisms in an ecosystem

A

Food chain

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24
Q

Model that shows possible feeding relationships at each trophic level

A

Food web

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25
Q

What is the function of a living thing

A

Niche

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26
Q

Represents the total mass of living matter per unit area

A

Biomass pyramid

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27
Q

Shows number of organisms at each trophic level

A

Number pyramid

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28
Q

Relationship where both organisms benefit

A

Mutualism

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29
Q

Relationship where one benefits and one organism gets harmed

A

Parasitism

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30
Q

Relationship where one organism is helped and the other is neither harmed nor helped

A

Commensalism

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31
Q

Relationship where one organism gets hunted the the other is the hunter

A

Predation

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32
Q

Relationship where two organisms compete for the same limited resources

A

Competition

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33
Q

Relationship where one inhibits the other

A

Amensalism

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34
Q

Relationship that is neutral

A

Neutralism

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35
Q

Relationship where grazing animals feed on plants by cropping portions without killing it

36
Q

Recycling of materials and other nutrients in the environment

A

Biogeochemical cycles

37
Q

Combination of a regions climax vegetation and its animal populations

A

Climax community

38
Q

Biome with long, harsh, freezing winters

A

Arctic tundra

39
Q

Biomes with harsh winters, but lacks permafrost

A

Alpine tundra

40
Q

Biomes with harsh long winters with snow fall

A

Northern coniferous forest

41
Q

Biomes with hot summers and cold winters

A

Temperate deciduous forest

42
Q

Grass dominated biome

43
Q

Grasslands found in the tropics

44
Q

Hot and humid biome

A

Tropical rainforests

45
Q

Water biome

46
Q

Mix between salt water and fresh water

47
Q

Region that extends past the intertidal zone

A

Neritic zones

48
Q

Extends from continental shelves into the open ocean

A

Oceanic zones

49
Q

The organisms that colonize a disturbed ecosystem

A

Pioneer species

50
Q

The replacement of the old pioneer species by later species

A

Ecological succession

51
Q

What man has over nature

52
Q

Man’s responsibility for nature

A

Stewardship

53
Q

Study 16.1-16.3

A

Study 16.1-16.3

54
Q

Basis for ones philosophy

55
Q

Scientist that studied evolution

A

Charles Darwin

56
Q

What ship did he sail on?

A

HMS Beagle

57
Q

How long was he on this trip?

58
Q

What book did he read on this trip?

A

Principles of Geology

59
Q

What means that the present is the only key to the past?

A

Uniformitarianism

60
Q

What book did Charles Darwin write?

A

On The Origin of Species

61
Q

“Survival of the fittest”

A

Natural selection

62
Q

The breeding of humans to create the “master race”

63
Q

Changes within a particular type of organism

A

Speciation

64
Q

The hypothetical process by which new kinds of creatures emerge from existing kinds over time

A

Macroevolution

65
Q

True of False: Macroevolution has never been observed in nature

66
Q

The remains or impressions of plants,
animals, and humans preserved in sedimentary rock

67
Q

True or False: the fossil record is one of the most powerful evidences against evolution.

68
Q

Also known as “missing links”

A

Transitional forms

69
Q

Theory that new organisms came about through the constant, gradual accumulation of small changes

A

Punctuated equilibrium theory

70
Q

Simple-to-complex sequence of fossils

A

Geologic column

71
Q

The succession of fossils
indicated by the geologic column occurs nowhere in the world

A

The succession of fossils
indicated by the geologic column occurs nowhere in the world

72
Q

Layers in the geologic column

A

Index fossils

73
Q

Using the geologic column as
“evidence” to support the evolutionary hypothesis i

A

Circular reasoning

74
Q

The theory that everything just randomly appeared here Hint: (Explosion of intricate organisms)

A

Cambrian explosion

75
Q

Fishes fins are attached to the body by thick, fleshy lobes that allow the fins to be more freely rotated

A

Coelacanth

76
Q

Mix between birds and dinosaurs

A

Archaeopteryx

77
Q

The supposed evolution of the horse

A

Horse series

78
Q

Fossil that was discovered in a gravel pit near the village of Piltdown, England (also was a hoax)

A

Piltdown man

79
Q

Reconstructed from a pigs tooth

A

Nebraska man

80
Q

Chimpanzee-sized fossil nicknamed “Lucy.”

A

Australopithecus afarensis

81
Q

Variety of Australopithecus that was once
regarded as a “human ancestor”

A

Australopithecus boisei

82
Q

Know Australo -pithecus africanus

A

Australo -pithecus africanus

83
Q

Ape species nicknamed “handy man”

A

Homo habilis

84
Q

Ape species nicknamed “upright man” or “java man”

A

Homo erectus

85
Q

Ape species originated from Beijing (Peking), China

A

Peking man

86
Q

Know neanderthal man

A

Know neanderthal man

Biology 10 (2 decks)

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