Exam Biology

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

Is the variety of life found in a particular ecosystem.

Question 2

Ecological diversity

Answer 2

The variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems found in an are or on earth.

Question 3

Genetic diversity

Answer 3

The variety of genetic material within a species or a population.

Question 4

Species Diversity

Answer 4

The number and abundance of species present in different communities.

Question 5

Species Composition

Answer 5

Which particular species are present.

Question 6

Species Richness

Answer 6

The total number of different species in the area.

Question 7

Species Evenness

Answer 7

How relatively abundant each of the species are.

Question 8

Robust

Answer 8

Strong and healthy

Question 9

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 9

Naming system (genus and species)

Question 10

Taxonomy

Answer 10

The study of classifying organisms

Question 11

Taxon

Answer 11

individual group

Question 12

Anatomy

Answer 12

Study of the body parts of a living organism

Question 13

physiology

Answer 13

The study of the functioning of organisms.

Question 14

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 14

Evolutionary relationship between organisms

Question 15

Prokaryotes

Answer 15

Cells that lack a nucleus

Question 16

Capside

Answer 16

Outer protein shell of a virus

Question 17

Virus

Answer 17

A very simple microorganism that infects cells and may cause disease because viruses can multiply only inside infected cells.

Question 18

Lytic cycle

Answer 18

Attachment, entry, replication, assembly, lysis/release

Question 19

Host cell

Answer 19

A living cell invaded by a virus

Question 20

Kingdom archaea

Answer 20

extremophiles

Question 21

Methanogens

Answer 21

A methane-producing bacterium

Question 22

Halophiles

Answer 22

A group of microorganisms that can grow and often thrive in areas of high salt

Question 23

Thermoacidophiles

Answer 23

Microorganisms that have developed mechanisms to successfully persist in unusually hot, acidic environments

Question 24

Anaerobic

Answer 24

germs that can survive and grow where there is no oxygen

Question 25

Kingdom Bacteria

Answer 25

Classifying bacteria

Question 26

Cocci

Answer 26

Round bacteria

Question 27

Bacilli

Answer 27

rod shaped bacteria

Question 28

Spirilla

Answer 28

spiral shaped bacteria

Question 29

Diplo

Answer 29

cells arranged in pairs

Question 30

Straphylo

Answer 30

cells arranged in clusters

Question 31

Strepto

Answer 31

cells arranged in a chain formation

Question 32

Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 32

have a thick protein layer on their cell wall and stain purple.

Question 33

Gram-negative bacteria

Answer 33

have a thin protein layer on their cell walls and stain pink.

Question 34

Photosynthetic bacteria

Answer 34

use light for their energy source

Question 35

Chemosynthetic bacteria

Answer 35

use inorganic compounds

Question 36

Heterotroph

Answer 36

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients

Question 37

Autotroph

Answer 37

an organism that can produce its own food

Question 38

asexual reproduction

Answer 38

mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent.

Question 39

Sexual reproduction

Answer 39

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 40

Binary fission

Answer 40

asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies

Question 41

Conjugation

Answer 41

the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.

Question 42

Pili

Answer 42

Bacterial cells become linked to one another through bridge-like structures

Question 43

Endospore

Answer 43

developing a tough outer covering that surrounds their DNA