Exam Biology Flashcards
Biodiversity
Is the variety of life found in a particular ecosystem.
Ecological diversity
The variety of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems found in an are or on earth.
Genetic diversity
The variety of genetic material within a species or a population.
Species Diversity
The number and abundance of species present in different communities.
Species Composition
Which particular species are present.
Species Richness
The total number of different species in the area.
Species Evenness
How relatively abundant each of the species are.
Robust
Strong and healthy
Binomial nomenclature
Naming system (genus and species)
Taxonomy
The study of classifying organisms
Taxon
individual group
Anatomy
Study of the body parts of a living organism
physiology
The study of the functioning of organisms.
Phylogenetic tree
Evolutionary relationship between organisms
Prokaryotes
Cells that lack a nucleus
Capside
Outer protein shell of a virus
Virus
A very simple microorganism that infects cells and may cause disease because viruses can multiply only inside infected cells.
Lytic cycle
Attachment, entry, replication, assembly, lysis/release
Host cell
A living cell invaded by a virus
Kingdom archaea
extremophiles
Methanogens
A methane-producing bacterium
Halophiles
A group of microorganisms that can grow and often thrive in areas of high salt
Thermoacidophiles
Microorganisms that have developed mechanisms to successfully persist in unusually hot, acidic environments
Anaerobic
germs that can survive and grow where there is no oxygen
Kingdom Bacteria
Classifying bacteria
Cocci
Round bacteria
Bacilli
rod shaped bacteria
Spirilla
spiral shaped bacteria
Diplo
cells arranged in pairs
Straphylo
cells arranged in clusters
Strepto
cells arranged in a chain formation
Gram-positive bacteria
have a thick protein layer on their cell wall and stain purple.
Gram-negative bacteria
have a thin protein layer on their cell walls and stain pink.
Photosynthetic bacteria
use light for their energy source
Chemosynthetic bacteria
use inorganic compounds
Heterotroph
an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients
Autotroph
an organism that can produce its own food
asexual reproduction
mode of reproduction in which a new offspring is produced by a single parent.
Sexual reproduction
the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes
Binary fission
asexual reproduction by a separation of the body into two new bodies
Conjugation
the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.
Pili
Bacterial cells become linked to one another through bridge-like structures
Endospore
developing a tough outer covering that surrounds their DNA
