Exam and Eval

Question 1

What are the levels indicating respiratory acidosis?

Answer 1

pH < 7.35
PaCO2 > 45 mmHg

HCO3 that is normal (uncompensated)
HCO3 that is > 28 (compensated)

Question 2

What are the common causes of respiratory acidosis?

Answer 2

• Obstructive airway disease
• Thoracic trauma
• Incisional pain
• Medication/drug overdose

Question 3

What does respiratory acidosis cause?

Answer 3

• Irritability
• Lethargy
• Headache
• Tremors
• Muscle twitching
• Vertigo
• Tachycardia
• Peripheral vasodilation

Question 4

What is the primary use of arterial blood gases?

Answer 4

determine the acid-base balance of the body at a point in time

Question 5

What is the normal range of PaCO2?

Answer 5

35-45

Question 6

What is the normal range of PaO2?

Answer 6

80-100

Question 7

What is the normal range of HCO3?

Answer 7

22-28

Question 8

What are the levels indicating respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 8

pH > 7.45
PaCO2 < 35

HCO3 that is normal (uncompensated)
HCO3 that is <22 (compensating)

Question 9

What are common causes of respiratory alkalosis?

Answer 9

• Pain
• Fever
• Hyperthyroidism
• Meningitis
• Brain tumor
• Psychogenic (hyperventilation)

Question 10

What does respiratory alkalosis cause?

Answer 10

• Convulsions
• Coma
• Paresthesias
• Lightheadedness/dizziness
• Diaphoresis
• Palpitations

Question 11

What are the levels indicating metabolic acidosis?

Answer 11

pH < 7.35
HCO3 < 35

PaCO2 that is normal (uncompensated)
PaCO2 that is < 22 (compensating)

Question 12

What are common causes of metabolic acidosis?

Answer 12

• Chronic diarrhea
• Shock/sepsis
• Trauma
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)
• Renal failure

Question 13

What does metabolic acidosis cause?

Answer 13

• Stupor/coma
• Headache
• Malaise/fatigue
• Weakness
• Decreased cardiac function
• Dysrhythmias
• Hyperkalemia

Question 14

What are the levels indicating metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 14

pH > 7.45
HCO3 > 28

PaCO2 that is normal (uncompensated)
PaCO2 > 45 (compensating)

Question 15

What are common causes of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 15

• Severe vomiting/nasogastric suction
• Excessive use of oral antacids
• Diuretics
• Hypokalemia
• Hyperaldosteronism

Question 16

What can metabolic alkalosis cause?

Answer 16

• Seizures
• Coma
• Neuromuscular irritability, hyper-reflexia, - paresthesias
• Tetany
• Respiratory insufficiency

Question 17

What are CMS rehab Dx?

Answer 17

• stroke
• SCI
• congenital deformity
• amputation
• major multiple trauma
• Femur Fx
• Brain injury
• neuro disorders (MS, UMN/LMN, polyneuropathy, muscular dystrophy, PD)
• burns
• Systemic vasculidities with joint inflammation resulting in significant functional impairment
• Active, polyarticular rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and seronegative arthropathies resulting in significant functional impairment
• severe or advanced osteoarthritis (osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease) involving two or more major weight bearing joints
• joint replacements