Exam Flashcards
- A trend that ascends from left to right means:
-A behavior is increasing
- Visual inspection is:
-Making a judgement about the effects of an intervention by examining graphed data
- Which of the following is a discontinuous data recording procedure?
-Whole interval recording
- Which of the following is operationally defined?
-Hitting so hard a picture fell off the wall
- The process of defining target behaviors using a exercise definition is called:
-Operationally defining the behavior
- Which of the following is a drawback of probe data?
-It is less accurate
- Recently, Mario’s tantrums seem to last longer. Which data recording procedure might be the best one to use to determine this?
-Duration
- Which of the following is true about data collection?
-It is the foundation for creating behavioral interventions
- Data collected during naturalistic teaching should always include information about:
-Target behaviors, prompt levels needed, and activities
- A disadvantage of bar graphs is:
-The variability of data can be lost
- Which data recording method would be best used to measure the time between when a teacher said to start an assignment and the time the student started on the assignment?
-Latency
- Which of the following data recording procedures is best used for behaviors that have a clear ending and beginning, do not occur throughout an interval, but still occur at high rates?
-Partial interval
- The x axis on a graph is:
-Horizontal and is also called the abscissa
- Why is it important to record data as close to the time the behavior actually occurred as possible?
-So the data will be more likely to reflect an accurate picture of the picture
- If data indicate that progress is not being made, which of the following questions could be asked?
-Is the skill program being delivered effectively?
- Mohinder has Down’s syndrome and lives in a group home. Tom, who works at the group home, asks Mohinder to loan him money for lunch, which he then pays back after his next paycheck. Is this abuse, and if so, why?
-Yes, it is considered financial abuse because Tom is making personal use of Mohinder’s resources.
- Non-accidental, inappropriate contact or the use of force with an individual that causes injury or physical pain is considered which type of abuse?
-Physical abuse
- Which of the following are considered to be physical signs of abuse?
-Fingerprints or handprints on the neck, face, arms, or wrists
- Sarah is helping Kendra, a woman with a moderate intellectual disability, cook breakfast in the morning. Kendra attempts to touch the hot stove, and Sarah yells, “Don’t touch that!” to her. Is this considered abuse?
-No, it is not. Yelling is not ideal, but it is preventing Kendra from causing harm to herself
- A 2009 study found that what percentage of family caregivers for older adults with cognitive disabilities and dementia reported abusing their family member?
-30%
- Who is the first person you should report allegations of abuse and neglect to?
-Your agency’s designated investigator
- Which of the following is NOT true of abuse and neglect committed by care providers?
-Abuse and neglect committed by care providers is so rare that it isn’t considered a problem
- Which of the following is one stress management technique that can help prevent burnout?
-Talking to a professional
- All of the following are considered behavioral signs of abuse, EXCEPT what?
-Appearing with torn, stained, bloody clothing
- True or False: People with IDD are more likely to experience abuse and neglect than individuals without IDD:
-True
- Which of the following is true of mandatory reporters?
-Mandatory reporters must report any alleged or suspected incidents of abuse or neglect, even if they did not witness it.
- Certain conditions can contribute to environments that can cause abuse and neglect to occur, EXCEPT:
-Programs that provide extensive training to their employees
- True or False: If there is consensual sexual activity between an employee and an individual with IDD, then it is not considered sexual abuse:
-False
- If you witness an abusive situation that is dangerous or life-threatening, what should you do?
-Take immediate action to remove anyone in the area from harm and call 911.
- You provide support for Roberto, a man with a mild intellectual disability. WHile talking to him one day, he casually mentions that sometimes his sister (his fiduciary guardian) uses his SSI check to pay her rent. What is the most appropriate course of action to take?
-Contact your agency’s designated investigator
- Which of the following best describes a situation of disability-specific abuse?
-Eric needs assistance transferring onto a toilet, and is sometimes left on the toilet for hours
- True or False: Allegations that go unreported are just as serious as the actual abuse or neglect.
-True
- Which of the following is NOT true of neglect?
-Neglect only occurs to older adults with disabilities
- What are harmful reinforcers?
-Harmful to health
- Which of the following factors places an individual with autism at greater risk of self-injury?
-Certain genetic conditions
- Why is frequent assessment important when implementing an intervention?
-To make adjustments as necessary
- Which of the following is an example of deficits in nonverbal communication?
-Not understanding facial expressions
- Why can’t intervention plans be duplicated for different individuals?
-Because each individual’s behavior and circumstances are unique
- Which of the following core characteristics of autism involves difficulty in responding to others in an appropriate way?
-Deficits in social/emotional reciprocity
- Which is the best reason why fixated interests can be a problem?
-Because they can distract the person from other activities
- Why is pica dangerous?
-Because it can cause illness or injury
- Which of the following is an example of stereotyped behavior?
-Flapping hands repetitively
- Immediate echolalia is:
-Saying what you just heard over and over
- Intervention plans should be:
-Data-based, ethical, and closely monitored
- Which of the following statements is true?
-While family members may disagree, it is important to work with all members the best way you can.
- Which of the following is an example of an exploitive relationship?
-A clients mother dating his RBT
- Which of the following is an example of a multiple or dual relationship?
-Tina and Lois are best friends. Lois is an RBT who works with Tina’s son.
- Why is it important to leave work at work and take breaks?
-You can slip into bad habits if you don’t have a break.
- Which of the following statements made by an RBT to a parent shows practicing “non-judgement?”
-”Sometimes it is hard to be consistent with the visual schedule. How do you think we could make this a bit simpler to use?”
- What are 3 types of written communication RBTs have to provide?
-Data, incident, session notes
- When you have a conversation with a family member about a client, you should:
-Find a quiet private and quiet spot
- Why is it important to model optimism when working with a client with disabilities?
-To allow families to see what their loved one can do
- What does the Professional and Ethical Compliance Code of the BACB remind us about communication and interactions with clients and families?
-To interact with families and clients in a way that is free from bias and discimination
- When RBTs communicate with families, they should use:
-Observable and measurable terms
- Which of the following is an example of conflict of interest with a client’s family?
-Offering to babysit for the family.
- Under which of the following circumstances should extinction not be used?
-When it could cause harm to the individual or others in the environment
- Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) involves:
-Setting an interval for the problem behavior not to be displayed and reinforcing if it is not displayed
- Which of the following is an example of overcorrection?
-Marty had to clean the bathroom wall because she wrote on it.
- Spontaneous recovery refer to:
-Sudden recurrence of behavior that was extinguished
- Which of the following functions of behavior involves avoiding a task or interaction?
-Escape
- Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?
-Telling someone “no” when they are about to run into the street
- Which of the following could ensure that an intervention involving the use of punishment is effective?
-Collecting and reviewing intervention data
- Punishment is the result of a stimulus following a behavior that serves to:
-Reduce the behavior
- What is the difference between differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior (DRI)?
-The replacement behavior selected in DRA doesn’t have to be incompatible with the problem behavior
- Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?
-Paying a speed ticket
- Type 1 punishment involves:
-Adding a condition to reduce a behavior
- Escape extinction works by:
-Not allowing the individual to escape what they were trying to avoid
- What is the best course of action to take in the event of an extinction burst?
-Continue the intervention
- Which part of a discrete trial makes it more likely the learner will respond again:
-The reinforcer
- In discrete trial instruction, a short instruction delivered to a learner is called:
-A discriminative stimulus (SD)
- Which of the following is a more current expansion of discrete trial instruction:
-Errorless learning techniques
- For learners who are new to following directions, which of the following approaches would be a good first step:
-Provide a simple request such as “come here,” prompt if necessary, and provide them with a reinforcer
- Which of the following might be a response that follows a discriminative stimulus?
-Hands card to instructor
- Prompting before a learner can select an incorrect response is called:
-Errorless learning
- Discrete trial instruction that is delivered from 25 to 40 hours a week is called:
-Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI)
- Which of the following activities might occur during the intertrial interval:
-Instructor marks a data collection sheet
- The results of Lovaas studies yielded:
-Remarkable gains on intelligence tests
- In discrete trial instruction, least to most prompting sequences are most commonly used when:
-The learner can respond correctly to the discriminative stimulus around 85% of the time
Naturalistic techniques are used to help learners generalize skills and for learners who:
-Might initially resist more structured settings.
Fluency of skills is:
-Demonstrated by quick responding at high levels of accuracy.
Which of the following verbal operants is used when a learner requests a cookie?
-Mand
Grace is teaching Micah how to write his name. She started by giving him a sheet with his name spelled in dark dotted lines. Once Micah was able to trace his name using those dark dotted lines, she faded them until there were no lines and he could write his name independently. What was the process Grace used?
-Stimulus fading
Which of the following should you do if you are using errorless learning to deliver a trial?
-Provide the most intrusive prompt necessary for correct responding.
When larger skills are broken down into teachable steps, this is called:
-Task analysis
Which of the following parts of a written skill acquisition plan specifies the long term outcome for learner performance?
-Goal
In order to randomly rotate trials, what must a learner have done first?
-Mastered some targets they can be mixed in the rotation
Generalization of skills is achieved when:
-The learner uses the skill taught in DTI in the natural environment.
One way to help a learner generalize skills is to:
-Use varied program materials for targets.
If a learner starts displaying a skill learned in DTI within natural environment, we might say that the learner:
-Has generalized the skill from DTI to the natural environment.
- Which of the following could be a replacement behavior for cutting in line?
-Teaching to stand in line and wait
- Why are crisis plans incorporated into some behavior intervention plans?
-Because some behaviors cause a risk to the safety of the individual engaging in the behavior or others in the environment
- Automatic reinforcement is associated most closely with:
-Stereotypic behaviors
- Why are prevention strategies a valuable part of behavior intervention plans?
-They decrease the likelihood that an undesirable behavior will get reinforced
- Behavior intervention plans that work:
-Reduce problem behavior and increase desirable behavior
- Which of the following is included in a functional assessment plan:
-A definition of the behaviors of concern
- Which of the following behaviors might serve a “gain attention” function?
-Making silly noises
- The 4 basic conditions set up in a functional analysis are:
-Alone, attention, demand, and tangible
- Reinforcing behaviors that are incompatible with hitting would fall under which component of a behavior intervention plan?
-Consequence strategies
- Which of the following is an example of a motivating operation:
-Fred is hungry so crackers work well as a reinforcer for task compliance
- What are the 2 main functions of behavior?
-Escape and gain
- Variables that are in operation before the display of a behavior and are related to the behavior are:
-Setting events
- Which of the following is a consequence intervention involving punishment?
-Taking away a token
- Replacement behaviors are taught so:
-The individual has a more desirable option for the behavior of concern
- Which of the following could be a prevention strategy for a behavior that involves throwing items?
-Minimizing the number of items that could be thrown
- Your documentation, when reviewed, will help to assure?
-The person is receiving comprehensive services
- When you document, you will want to consider how the information may be used. What else will you want to consider?
-Who will be reading or using it
- Good record keeping assures that the team is not making decisions based on random impressions but on what?
-Valid information
- Maintaining accurate documentation while dependably providing excellent services requires what from you?
-Good judgment to strike a balance
- What is one thing you can do while you are working to remember details or events you will document later?
-Carry a note pad around when working to jot down notes to transcribe later
- What are the five rules of incident report writing?
-Write for an audience; account for everyone and everything; be clear and chronological; be timely and complete; consider the attachments
- What can your documentation related to a person’s health screenings help to ensure?
-That they are receiving the health screenings that are recommended for their sex, age, and medical conditions
- What is one thing you can do to maximize accuracy of what you document when assessing a person?
-Document immediately after an observation
- What is the purpose of writing and reviewing accurate and complete incident reports?
-To prevent recurrences of that incident
- What is not appropriate to document in a communication log book?
-Comments critical of others
- What is one benefit to digitizing documents?
-To reduce paper
- What should be contained in a receipt of an expenditure?
-A description of the item, the date of purchase and the amount of expense
- To maintain organization, what choices should you give yourself for every piece of paper you receive or generate?
-Throw it away, route it to someone else, act on it now or file it and put it on your master to-do list
- What does the “contractual” aspect of the annual service plan guide?
-All services received by the person
- When might not obtaining informed consent, possibly violating confidentiality, be justified?
-When there is a significant and immediate health and safety risk to the person you support, or to others
- What are three things that work together to ensure the person is living a life that reflects their needs and desires?
-The service plan, your support of the person based on this plan, and the documentation of your support
- For documentation to be beneficial it must be?
-Reviewed
- Complete this sentence: Documentation and record keeping are important to ensure…
-accountability, coordination of care between yourself and other supports and to guide the improvement of services
- High-quality documentation is important because it can result in which of these outcomes?
-A full and safe life for the person served
- What are two reasons that documentation is beneficial?
-More complete communication in emergencies, and more accurate assessments, will improve services to the person
- True or False: Turn-taking games do not encourage joint attention.
-False
- Which of the following is a joint attention behavior that is often exhibited by individuals with autism?
-Not following the point of another person
- Triadic eye gaze is:
-Two individuals sharing eye gaze on an object then looking at each other
- Which of the following is an intervention target for teaching responding joint attention?
-Attending to a noisy toy when it is activated and positioned across the room
- Which of the following imitation skills is the most difficult for a person with autism?
-Imitating facial expressions
- Which of the following is an example of a fine motor imitation skill?
-Drawing a line in the air with a finger
- Joint attention is:
-The shared focus of at least 2 individuals on an object or activity