Exam Flashcards
Genital warts are caused by?
HPV
Functions of pituitary gland (4)
Increase thyroid function
Increase estrogen release
Increase testosterone release
Increase water absorption in kidneys
How many servings of fruit should athlete have as minimum daily requirement?
Number of servings are according to athletes height and weight
When is it best to have athletes practice outdoors in urban environment?
Very late afternoon or early evening
Extrinsic risk factors
Independent of individuals physical makeup
Pre-event meal should be eaten?
3-4 hours prior
Myopia
Nearsightedness
AT should be aware when setting up exercise regime for individual who is taking beta blockers for hypertension?
Exercise fatigue
Pre-event meal should be planned by? (3)
Coach, athlete, AT
To prevent feeling of sedation during day while taking medication for allergic rhinitis, athlete should not take?
Antihistamines
Hepatitis b immunization timeline
3 shots over 9 months
Diabetes care plan elements (4)
Blood glucose monitoring guidelines
Insulin therapy guidelines
Hypoglycemia recognition and treatment
Hyperglycemia recognition and treatment
Athlete diet percentages
12-15 protein
40-50 fat
55-70 carbs
Heel cup that can compress downward so that heel never makes contact with interior of shoe?
Rubberized padded cup
Prevention of chronic or debilitating illness or injury through appropriate care and rehab is called?
Tertiary prevention
2 types of football helmets
Air or fluid filled, padded
Immunization against hep b virus will also prevent manifestation of?
Hep D
Effects of chronic use of chewing tobacco? (3)
Leukoplakia
Mouth and throat cancer
Bad breath
Adverse effects of anabolic steroids on females (4)
Severe acne
Increase libido
Development of deep voice
Change in menstrual cycle
When determining goal weight, body weight should be assessed relative to?
Body composition
What should AT recommend to team members prior to their flight to combat jet lag effect?
Upon arrival, adjust all training, eating, sleeping schedules to local time of country in which they are competing
Where is most heat lost from body in cold weather?
Head and neck
Type of exercise that involves muscle contraction in which length of muscle is changing while contraction is performed at constant velocity?
Isokinetic
When is maximum protection provided by properly fitting mouth guard?
When it is made of flexible, resilient material and is form fitted to teeth and upper jaw
College athlete express how many calories per day?
2200-4400
Which is most common type of cerebral palsy?
Spastic
Diet that is very low in carbs may result in (5)
Fatigue
Hypoglycemia
Ketosis
Very low blood ph levels
Headaches
Prevent recurring ingrown toenails
Have athlete trim toenails weekly and cut them straight across
What is hallmark sign of peripheral arterial disease?
Intermittent claudication
What 2 structures are injured with bankart lesion?
Anterior capsule of shoulder and glenoid labrum
What problem might AT see if L4 nerve root was compressed?
Knee extension weakness
If palpable chunk of shift at 20-30 degrees of knee flexion is found during pivot shift test, this may be indicative of?
Anterolateral rotary instability of knee
What is best position for patient to be in to muscle test piriformis?
Sitting
During digestion, which area of small intestine does food pass through first?
Duodenum
Tests useful in evaluating low back pathology (4)
Valsalva maneuver
Bilateral straight leg test
Lasegues test
Slump test
When evaluating patient for sinding Larsen Johansson disease, AT should?
Palpate inferior patellar pole with patients knee extended and patellar tendon relaxed
Probable cause of acute dyspnea, cough, headache, weakness while training in high altitude climate?
Pulmonary edema
Which of carpal bones is most commonly dislocated?
Lunate
Tenderness and pain with induration and swelling of pretibial musculature following overexertion is indicative of?
Periostitis
What type of gait deviation might athletic trainer see with patient who has sustained ankle injury and has decreased range of motion?
Hip hiking
What is normal range of VO2 Max for average college athlete?
45-60 mL/kg/min
What injuries might be associated with popping sensation of knee joint? (3)
ACL injury
Torn meniscus
Subluxed patella
Sources of lateral hip pain (4)
Trochanteric bursitis
Strain of gluteus medius
Lumbar discogenic disease
Strain of TFL
Mumps is contagious viral disease that is primarily manifested by?
Parotitis
Cardinal sign of rhabdomyolysis?
Presence is myoglobin in urine
Allen’s test is used to test?
Integrity of radial and ulnar arteries of hand
Wolff-parkinson white syndrome characterized by?
Sorry pr interval and prolonged qrs complex
Patient reports having had recent upper respiratory infection 2 weeks ago and is now having rapidly evolving bilateral muscle weakness. He is afebrile?
Guillain-Barré syndrome
What medications are antihistamine drugs? (4)
Dimetapp
Benadryl
Claritin
Allegra
What is most common mechanism of injury for anterior shoulder dislocation?
Abduction and external rotation
What muscles are innervated by tibial nerve?
Gastrocnemius
Flexor hallucis longus
Biceps femoris
What is quick method of testing motor ability of sacroiliac nerve root?
Have patient walk on toes
Average range of motion of knee flexion?
0-135
Which disease is most commonly inherited disorder among white Americans?
Cystic fibrosis
Primary symptom of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis?
Goiter
Which dermatome correlates to t7 nerve root?
Xyphoid process, costal margin
Which muscle grade denotes active muscle movement in gravity eliminated position?
2/5
Which muscles adduct shoulder? (4)
Pectoralis major
Teres major
Subscapularis
Latissimus dorsi
What is force on cervical spine when football player spears opponent?
Sudden neck hyper flexion with rotation
Complete blood count assesses? (4)
Red blood cell count
White blood cell count
Hemoglobin levels
Platelet count
Special test for meningitis?
Brudzinski-kernig test
What muscles extend trunk? (4)
Semispinalis
Erector spinae
Multifidi
Gluteus Maximus
Rombergs test assesses?
Cerebellum and basal ganglia dysfunction
How is strength of pes anserinus musculature muscle tested?
Resistance to knee flexion and internal rotation of lower leg
Type V salter-Harris fracture involves what fracture through physeal plate?
Crush injury to epiphysis
What medical emergency appears to have lucid period in which he seems to be normal for period of couple hours and then becomes significantly lethargic?
Extradural hemorrhage
Which roentgenogram would be most appropriate in detecting nerve root compression?
Electromyography or nerve root conduction velocity test
What is incubation period for Hiv and hpv?
1-6 months
What structure might be injured in upper right quadrant of abdomen?
Liver
What substance does body release that provides temporary pain relief?
Endorphins
What is decreased sensation called?
Hypoesthesia
3 most commonly affected organ systems in Marfan syndrome?
Skeletal, ocular, cardiovascular
What quick test can be performed to check if nerve root L5 is intact?
Have patient extend great toe
What is wrong with athlete eating 12 ounce steak, baked potato, scrambled eggs, coffee with sugar 4 hours prior to event?
Intestinal tract will be full at time of competition because it is large meal
Which muscles internally rotate hip? (4)
Adductor magnus
Gracilis
TFL
Gluteus minimus
Which condition often contributes to shoulder impingement?
Glenohumeral instability
Pinprick testing for C5 nerve root?
Lateral aspect of upper arm over middle deltoid
Cauliflower ear is injury to what structure?
Pinna
Which muscles flexes both foot and knee?
Gastrocnemius
Positive cervical distraction test is indicative of?
Nerve root compression or facet dysfunction
If cf ligament is torn, which would be positive?
Talar tilt test
Simple movement to check integrity of radial nerve?
Wrist extension
Appropriate measures to provide support or relief for plantar fasciitis (4)
Orthotic for arch support
Low dye taping
Heel cup
Stretching program
Female body fat percentage shouldn’t go below?
12%
What is spina bifida occulta?
Incomplete formation of posterior vertebral arch without herniation of meninges or spinal cord
Proper method to manually muscle test biceps femoris?
Lying prone, resisting knee flexion with tibia in external rotation
Positive test if there is inflammation at site of medial epicondyle of elbow?
Golfers elbow test
Foot drop may be indicative of?
Peroneal nerve injury
Positive phalens test is suspect of?
Carpal tunnel syndrome
How is cranial nerve VIII tested?
Crumpling paper near ear
Adrenal glands release (4)
Aldosterone
Cortisol
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Dulled sensation along dorsum of right foot, difficulty walking on heels, patellar tendon reflex diminished. What nerve root is affected?
L5
What muscles supinates forearm and flexes shoulder?
Biceps brachii
How is pes anserinus musculature manually muscle tested?
Resistance to knee flexion and internal rotation of lower leg
Positive clunk test is indicative of?
Glenoid labrum tear
What structures are part of pelvis? (4)
Coccyx
Pubic symphysis
Innominate bones
Sacrum
Risk factors for osteoporosis? (4)
Early menopause
High consumption of alcohol, cigarettes, caffeine
Sedentary lifestyle
Lack of folic acid in diet
Which structure is affected in individual with ALS?
Motor neuron
What is indirect method of monitoring oxygen consumption?
Measuring heart rate
Flexor pollicis longus is responsible for what action?
Thumb flexion
Supinator muscle is innervated by?
Radial nerve
First step in treating abrasion or laceration?
Reduce wound contamination
Condition of rapidly rising internal body temperature when body’s mechanisms for release of heat are overwhelmed?
Heat stroke
What process does rebreathing into paper bag reverse?
Respiratory alkalosis
What should AT do first when evaluating unconscious athlete?
Check airway is open and is breathing normally
What medication is appropriate to stop anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine
What precautionary measures should be taken prior to transferring and securing athlete with protective equipment to rigid immobilization device such as spine board?
Facemask revival and preparation of shoulder pads
Shock after severe injury can result from? (2)
Hemorrhage
Stagnation of blood
Where would athlete complain of pain with acute appendicitis?
Lower right quadrant of abdomen
Medications delivered via metered-dose inhaler for exercise-induced asthma? (4)
Proventil
Alupent
Atrovent
Ventolin
Pain radiates down left shoulder and approximately 1/3 of way down upper left arm from ruptured spleen?
Kehrs sign
What does TID mean?
Three times a day
What should be done for unconscious patient suffering from insulin shock?
Immediately transport patient to emergency care facility
Appropriate recommendation for constipation?
Increased fluid intake and increased intake of fruits, bulk vegetables, cereal
Where should Bell of stethoscope be placed when taking blood pressure?
Over brachial artery
Most common and devistating mechanism of injury seen in neck injuries sustained during football?
Cervical hyperflexion and axial compression
What may occur in female athlete after ingesting testosterone?
Hirsutism
AED is used for?
Defibrillate heart when unconscious victim has no pulse
Drugs that may be used with phonophoresis during acute phase of treatment? (4)
Dexamethasone
Hydrocortisone 1%
Lidocaine
Hydrocortisone 10%
Orthostatic syncope is caused by?
Sudden peripheral vasodilation
Removal of helmet and shoulder pads from athlete with suspected spinal cord injury should be coordinated to avoid?
Cervical hyperextension
Examples of histamine-2 blockers? (2)
Tagamet
Zantac
Which vitamin helps with abnormal bruising?
Vitamin K
Why should athlete with abdominal injury never be given anything to eat or drink?
Increase risks of surgery if operative procedure becomes necessary
Drug used to increase effect of another?
Potentiating
Structure responsible for relaying information regarding muscle dynamics to conscious and subconscious parts of central nervous system?
Proprioceptors
Appropriate steps in rehabilitating grade II ankle sprain? (5)
Rice
Stretching Achilles‘ tendon
Isometric exercises
Proprioceptive exercises
Isotonic exercises
Strengthening of what muscle is vital in throwing athlete?
Rhomboids
Contraindications for electrical stimulation electrode placement? (4)
Stimulation across heart
Stimulation across acute thrombophlebitis
Stimulation over temples
Directly over spine
Ultrasound is based on what effect?
Reverse piezoelectric effect
Treatments for facet dysfunction (4)
Facet joint mobilization
Passive rotation
Pelvic rock exercises
Abdominal strengthening
Vascular reaction to cold that results in white, red, blue discoloration of extremities?
Raynaud’s phenomenon
Cardinal sign of inflammation?
Loss of function
Exercises beneficial in diminishing symptoms during early stages of scheuermanns disease?
Extension and postural exercises
Contraindications for use of aquatic therapy (4)
Excessive fear of water
Open wound
Urinary tract infection
Skin infection
Massage can control pain because it activates?
Autonomic nervous system and pacinian receptors
Actions appropriate for partial meniscectomy 5 days ago? (4)
Achilles stretching
Four quadrant straight leg raises
Stationary bicycling with minimal/no resistance
Hip flexor strengthening
Primary muscles involved with resisted wrist curl? (2)
Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
When using massage to reduce edema in extremity, AT should begin and move?
Proximal, distal
Treatment for cystic fibrosis?
Nutritional counseling/modification, pulmonary therapies to clear secretions, antibiotics
Best response to attention-seeking athlete?
Set specific but reasonable time limits with athlete per treatment session so athletic trainer is not overtaxed
Herpes simplex labialis is caused by?
Virus
Manual technique where muscles are actively contracted against counterforce in specific position?
Muscle energy techniques
Minimizing symptoms of sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease? (3)
Use ice packs frequently to minimize pain and swelling
Avoid stressful activities for 6 months
Avoid deep squatting
Type of exercise that can produce spike in systolic blood pressure that can result in potentially life-threatening cardiovascular accident?
Isometric
Half-life of drug refers to?
Time required for amount of drug in blood to be reduced by one-half
What muscles are involved in seated military press? (4)
Trapezius
Pectoralis major
Serratus anterior
Triceps
Method of massage that involves lifting and kneading of skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle with fingers or hand?
Petrissage
How many calories should daily diet be reduced by in order to lose 1-2 pounds per week?
500-1000 calories/day
Braces used after rehab?
Functional
Massage utilized to induce sedative effect?
Effleurage
Time that sound waves are being emitted during one pulse period?
Duty cycle
Patient should be aware of what when self-administering medication? (2)
When to take meds
What foods/drugs not to mix with
Involuntary muscle contraction characterized by alternate contraction and relaxation in rapid succession?
Clonic contraction
Neurapraxia?
Demyelination of axon sheath that leads to conduction block. Usually heals in approximately 1-2 weeks
Treatments for snapping hip syndrome? (4)
Ice and NSAIDs
Biomechanical correction
Flexibility exercises
Instruction in proper training technique
Like charges repel while unlike charges attract each other?
Coulomb’s law
What name is dexamethasone?
Generic name
Which muscle groups should be strengthened with patellofemoral pain syndrome? (2)
Hip adductors, quadriceps
Medications that could predispose athlete to heat illness? (4)
Decongestants
Antihistamines
Diuretics
Beta-adrenergic blockers
Protective spasm of muscular abdominal wall?
Rigidity
Most appropriate exercises for lumbar spinal stenosis
Williams flexion exercises
Muscles involved in seated row? (4)
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major
Middle trapezius
Rhomboids
Joint mechanoreceptors are found in? (4)
Ligaments
Menisci
Fat pads
Musculotendinous junction
Closed chain exercises are recommended during rehab because? (4)
Stimulate proprioceptors
Increase joint stability
Reduce shear forces
Increase muscle co-contraction
Closed kinetic chain equipment? (4)
Treadmill
Leg-press machine
Upper body ergometer
Baps board
Common adverse effect of opioid analgesic?
Constipation
Appropriate response to athlete who is afraid of electricity?
Teach about general principles of electrical stimulation
Categories of electrical stimulating currents (4)
Direct
Pulsed
Alternating
Galvanic
Fixed payments made on monthly basis to managed care provider?
Capitation
Level of listening when taking history during initial eval?
Analytical
Responsibilities of AT? (4)
Counsel and advise athlete about health care
Administer first aid as necessary
Supervise proper equipment fitting
Organize and set up preparticipation physical exams
State law that gives individual length of time to file claim?
Statute of limitations
Way to protect from negligence?
Good documentation
What are CPT codes?
Current procedural terminology
AT scope of practice parameters set by legislation fall into these areas (4)
Restrictions regarding site of practice
Modality use restrictions
Definition of athletic training or athletic trainer
Supervision of athletic trainers
Organization establishes standards of quality for organizations that provide rehab services?
CARF
Statute of limitations involving negligence suit has limit of?
1-3 years
When asked to detail surgery and rehab from scout, refer to?
Nobody
2 sections of BOC standards of professional practice?
Practice standards
Code of professional responsibility
Contact between policyholder and insurance company to reimburse percentage of cost of policyholders medical bills?
Medical insurance
Potential to influence behavior of superior?
Personal power
