Exam Flashcards
Long term goals:
Relate to expectations of clients functional skills or resumption of roles
Short Term Goals
Small steps that culminate in long term goal attainment. These goals ultimately contribute to improved function/ability to complete part of a task.
Biomechanical Frame of Reference:
interventions based on biomechanical FOR aim to:
- maintain or prevent limitations in ROM, strength, and/or endurance
- Increasing ROM, strength and/or endurance
Rehabilitation Frame of Reference
Interventions based on a rehabilitation FOR:
- Place emphasis on occupational performance
- Are developed based on what the individual views as important
- Commonly use adaptive or compensatory approaches to enable participation
Strategies for producing change in occupation
- Adaption (rehab FOR)
- Compensation (rehab FOR)
- Remediation (Biomechanical FOR)
Strength
strengthening = “repetitive, effortful muscle contraction
Occupation or exercise parameters:
- Type and speed of contraction
- Muscles involved
- Intensity of task
Endurance
“Ability of a muscle to maintain performance over a sustained period of time”
Key elements:
- Low intensity muscle contractions
- Increased number of repetitions
- Prolonged period of training
- (light-moderate load, short rest <90
Occupation as a mean
is when specific occupation is used as a means in therapy to bring about change in a person’s performance
Occupation as end
is the goal or the product of intervention
- Education
- Adaptation and modification
Strategies for producing change in occupation
Person (P)
Occupation (O)
Environment (E)
Training (P) Skill Development (P) Education (P) Task Adaption (O) Occupational Development (O) Environmental Modification (E) Support provision (E) Support Enhancement (E)
Activity analysis
activity steps/actions activity demands -Body function -Required Actions -Object Properties -Sequencing and timing analysis for interventions
Prevalence of chronic diseases among Canadian Adults
- 44% of adults 20+ have at least 1 of 10 common chronic conditions
- hypertension 12% (highest goes down from here)
- Osteoarthritis
- Mood and/or anxiety disorders
- Osteoporosis
- Diabetes
- Asthma
- Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease
- Ischemic heart disease
- Cancer
- Dementia 7%
Covid-19 and the impact on health systems (WHO)
- 53% of the countries surveyed have partially or completely disrupted services for hypertension treatment
- 49% for treatment for diabetes and diabetes-related complications
- 42% for cancer treatment
- 31% for cardiovascular emergencies
- The postponement of public screening programmes, for example, for breast and cervical cancer, was also widespread, reported by more than 50% of countrie
Health
” a complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”
Capacity to perform and engage in life in a way that is consistent with that individual’s needs and wants
wellness
“Active process of becoming aware of and making choices towards a more successful existence.”
Health promotion
Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health. To reach a state of complete physical, mental and socia l wellbeing, an individual or group must be able to identify and to realize aspirations, to satisfy needs, and to change or cope with the environment. Health is, therefore, seen as a resource for everyday life, not the objective of living. Health is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources, as well as physical capacities. Therefore, health promotion is not just the responsibility of the health sector but goes beyond healthy lifestyles to well-being
Period of health
Primary - general population -->promote healthy behaviour Secondary - Some health change -->Behavioural Change Tertiary - Chronic Disease --> Support function Quaternary - end of life -->Ensure comfort
Transtheoretical stages of change model
- Precontemplative
- learner sees no problem, but others disapprove - Contemplative
- Learners weighs the pros and cons of changing - Determinism
- To carry on as before or to change (exit point) - Active Change
- Putting the decision into place - Maintenance
- Actively maintaining change (exit point) - Relapse
- returns to previous behaviour
Social Cognitive Model
-Concept of self-efficacy - confidence in one’s ability to complete an action
- Competence Mastery - setting realistic and achievable goals
- Vicarious Learning - observing other obtain success (groups)
- Social Persuasion - Positive messaging
Self management
- At the heart of each self-management approach is an empowered patient with the skills and confidence to better manage chronic diseases and interact with the primary health care system.
- Self-management relates to “the tasks that individuals must undertake to live well with one or more chronic conditions
Self management
Medical management
Role Management
Emotional Management
Teach knowledge
build confidence
Develop skills
Self management skills
Problem solving
- Decision making
- forming HC Partnerships
- Resource Utilization
- Taking Action
Knowledge
- Condition
- Health impact
- Strategies to manage
Adult Learning Principles
- Problem centered (life centred)
- self directed
- life experience
- internally motivated
- ready to learn
- Need to know
Confidence
5 minute assessment
- How important is your … to you? (scale 1-10)
- How confident are you about changing it? (scale 1-10)
- Why did you score yourself so high/low?
- What would help you to move higher or lower on the scale?
- How high on the scale would you need to be to change?
