exam Flashcards
intonation
the way the voice rises and falls in speech
morpheme
the smallest unit of meaning in a language
Abraham Maslow
developed teh hierarchy of needs which he theorized to be the unconscious desires that motivate people
subordinating conjunction
join the dependent clause to an independent clause to which it is related
voiceless sound
sounds made without vibrating vocal cords
howard gardner
multiple intelligence theory
independent or main clause
a clause that can stand alone as its own sentence
one word stage
stage of language acquisition, characterized by child’s use of a single word to convey a full meaning
classification criteria
used to determine when English learners have achieved the language skills necessary to succeed in English only classrooms
humor stage
stage of acculturalization, when students start to come to terms with their circumstances and move toward acceptance of their new culture
SIFE
students with interrupted formal education
grade equivalent
score found using the average score of students who fail into that grade
labial consonant sound
sound produced by the top and bottom lip coming together; example M
Gerund phrase
begins with noun form of verb ending in -ing
connotation
the implied or associative meaning of a word
Woodcock-Munoz language survey
an individually administered assessment that measures cognitive aspects of language proficiency in the form vocabulary usage, verbal analogies, and letter word
audio lingual method
an oral based approach to language instruction developed by linguists and behavioral psychologists; teaches the target language through repetition
phonetics
study of the production of sounds in speech
silent way
teaching method based on the idea that language learning should be much like problem solving and discovery learning; teachers are as silent as possible during lessons to promote student participation
age equivalent score
found using the average score of students within an age group
dependent or subordinate clause
clause that cannot stand alone as its own sentence
inferential item
a piece of infromation that requires the test taker to read between the lines in order to determine what an author is implying
communicative competence
the ability to speak a language both appropriatly in a social context as well as correctly in terms of rules adn structures
