Exam Flashcards
Dissociation
. only occurs in people with a dissociative disorder
. is a sign that something is seriously wrong
. is extremely common and not necessarily pathological
. is extremely rare and not necessarily pathological
is extrememly common and not necessarily pathological
The disorder invloving the experience of sudden loss of the sense of self is:
. depresonalization/derealization disorder
. psychogenic amnesia
. disidentity disorder
. derealization disorder
depersonalization/derealization disorder
Garard became amnesic, wandered away from hrom and assumed a completely new identity as a shoe salesman. He suffers from: . dissociative fugue . dissociative identity disorder . malingering identity disorder . depersonalization
dissociative fugue
When a person experiences dissociative amnesia, one main type of memory is usually affected, Which? . semantic memory . procedual memory . perceptual memory . episodic memory
episodic memory
Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as: . psychogenic amnesia . multiple personality disorder . conversion hysteria . neurasthenia
multiple personality disorder
In the individual with DID, ‘switches’ between identities:
. usually take several days
. produce gaps in memory
. occur symmetrically, such that all identities share equal control
. are controlled by the host identity
produce gaps in memory
What is one reason why the prevalence of DID has been increasing?
It may be that the prevalence of DID has not changed at all, but that clinicians may unknowingly encourage the emergence of new identities
There is debate as to the relationship between DID and abuse because:
. few of thos who develop DID have a history of abuse
. there is little evidence of a link between traunma and psychopathology
. other factors correlated with abuse may be the true casual factors in DID
. most reports of abuse are faked
other factors correlated with abuse may be the true casual factors in DID
According to sociocognitive theory:
. the mind separates due to some traumatic experience and is never full integrated, resulting in the multiple identities observed in DID
. the alters in DID develop as a means of excaping from some form of trauma
. DID has a factitious origin
. DID may develop when a suggestive patient is treated by an overzealous clinician
DID may develop when a suggestive patient is terated by an overzealous clinician
Which of the following is a sufficient element to determine abnormality? . suffering . maladaptiveness . deviancy . there is no single sufficient element
there is no single sufficient element
Brett persistently injects himself with painkillers. This has greatly increase his chance of overdosing and dying. His behaviour harms no one else. According to the DSM-5, is Breet’s behaviour consistent with the definition of a mental disorder?
. yes, because many people in society engage in this behaviour
. yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that harms him
. no, because his behaviour must also harm the well-being of others in the community
. no, because there is no evidence that his actions are out of his own control
yes, because he is persistently acting in a way that harms him
Which of the following best describes the DSM?
. a complete guide to the origin, diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
. A work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently known
. a fundamentally flawed collection of unfounded assumptions about mental disorders
. a collection of random opinions to diagnosing mental disorders
a work in progress that classifies mental disorders based on what is currently known
Which of the following is a disadvantage of having a classification system for mental disorders?
. a classification system establishes the types of problems that mental professionals can treat
. when a label is used to describe an individual’s behaviour, information about the person is lost
. a classification system allows for research to advance
. identifying the disorder that an individual has guides treatment
when a label is used to describe an individual’s behaviour, information about the person is lost
Dr. Fox studies the causes of depression. In other words, she looks at factors that play a role in the \_\_\_\_ of depression. . etiology . epidemiology . prevalence . resiliency
etiology
Dr. Simon, a psychiatrist, takes a biopsychosocial viewpoint of psychopathology. Which of the following treatments is he most likely to suggest for Julia’s current state of depression?
. Intense psychotherapy
. a prolonged vacation
. a combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs.
. family therapy and a change in her work environment
a combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs
Which perspective or viewpoint focuses on intrapsychic conflicts as the cause of psychopathology? . biological . behavioural . psychodynamic . sociocultural
psychodynamic
Which of the following statements regarding assessment is true?
. assessment should focuse only on the client’s current level of functioning
. an adequate assessment includes a determination of the amount of danger the client poses to himself and others
. an adequate assessment should include as much information as possible
an adequate assessment should include as much information as possible
Under what circumstances is a structured interview most likely to be used?
. when consistent information is needed for research purposes
. when an accurate diagnosis is needed to ensure appropriate treatment
. when the behaviour of the client is erratic
. when the information provided in an unstructured interview is found to lack reliability
when consistent information is needed for research purposes
the DSM acknowledges that
. the classification system has low reliability
. medical insurance dictates how most clinicians make a diagnosis
. most clinicians do not agree with the DSM system
. a DSM diagnosis is only the first step, much more is needed to determine treatment
a DSM diagnosis is only the first step, much more is needed to determine treatment
Understanding the causes of mental disorders is important because ____
. effective treatment is not possible without such an understanding
. classification of disorders cannot be done without such information
. such knowledge might make both the prevention and cue of mental disorders possible
such knowledge might make both the prevention and cure of mental disorders possible
Suppose that the presence of a particular gene is a necessary cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia. Which of the following statements would be true?
. the gene is also a sufficient cause for the occurrence of schizophrenia
. there are other things besides this gene that can cause schizophrenia
. most people with schizophrenia will have that gene
. a person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic
A person with that gene may or may not become schizophrenic
Dr. Simon, a psychiatrist, takes a biopsychosocial viewpoint of psychopathology. Which of the following treatments is he most likely to suggest for Julia’s current state of depression?
. intense psychotherapy
. a prolonged vacation
. a combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs
. family therapy and a change in her work environment
a combination of psychological therapy and antidepressant drugs
Reuptake of neurotransmitters is the process by which neurotransmitters ___
. are repeatedly released into the synapse
. are reabsorbed by the axon
. stimulate the post-synaptic neuron to fire
. are connected to hormones
are reabsorbed by the axon
The humanistic perspective focuses primarily upon the capacity of the individual to \_\_\_ . confront the dilemma of our deaths . be driven by unconscious motives . rationally explain our behaviour . engage in positive self-growth
engage in positive self-growth
Learning not to do something because you are punished when you do it is an example of \_\_\_\_ . classical conditioning . generalisation . instrumental conditioning . observational learning
instrumental conditioning
Which parental style is characterised by warmth, control and communication? . authoritarian . permissive/indulgent . authoritative . neglectful-uninvolved
authoritative
Children from lower-SES families ___
. are more likely to be resilient adults than those from higher-SES families
. show no signs of ill efects if there is an increase in SES before age 5
. are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments to adults and peers
are less likely to show ill effects of SES status if they possess a high IQ and develop healthy attachments to adults and peers
Cross-cultural research on stress demonstrates that ___
. depression is a common response to life challenges in all countries studied
. stress rarely leads to any evidence of illness in non-Western cultures
. responses to stress vary cross-culturally
responses to stress vary cross-culturally
Studies on the cultural differences in parental tolerance of under-or-over-controlled behaviour suggest that ___
. these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviours in different cultures
. parental styles make no difference in rates of different behaviour problems - they seem to be primarily genetic
. all cultures feel the same about bringing their children for treatment, regardless of he type of behaviour problem
these different styles can produce different rates of problem behaviours in different cultures
Selye
. recognised that both happy and sad life events can be sources of stress
. conducted extensive research on the effects of stress on the immune system
. failed to acknowledge the role of the environment in adapting to stress
. focused on the cognitive component of the stress
recognised that both happy and sad life events can be sources of stress
The term ‘crisis’ refers to:
. any time when a stressful situation exceeds one’s ability to cope
. encountering a number of stressors simultaneously
. a period of especially acute stress
. any encounter that requires a readjustment of self-concept
any time when a stressful situation exceeds one’s ability to cope
A main symptom of PTSD in DSM-5 is: . development of stress-related diseases . reexperiencing of the traumatic event . panic attacks when remembering the trauma . depression
reexperiencing of the traumatic event
For an adjustment disorder, the symptoms must appear within \_\_\_ months of the stressor . 2 . 9 . 3 . 6
3
According to DSM-5, acute stress disorder becomes PTSD when:
. the trauma is an event out of the realm of normal life experience
. the symptoms last for more than 2 weeks
. the symptoms last more than 4 weeks
. the symptoms begin within 6 months of the trauma
the symptoms last for more than 4 weeks
Estimates of the prevalence of PTSD
. have not been made
. indicate that most people who experience a traumatic event develop PTSD
. demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women
. find that it rarely exists as a comorbid condition
demonstrate that it is more commonly seen in women
Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of stress . severity . chronicity . timing . probability
probability
According to the DSM, an adjustment disorder does NOT involve
. bereavement
. marked distress
. significant impairment in social, occupational or other areas of functioning
. identifiable stressors(s)
bereavement
The incident with the highest lifetime prevalence for PTSD is: . massive catastrophic trauma . sexual assault . sudden loss of a loved one . all of the above
all of the above
According to the DSM, an essential feature of acute stress disorder involves
development of characteristic anxiety, dissociative or other symptoms within 1 month after exposure to traumatic stressor
Fear is a basic emotion that involves:
. concern about the future
. the activation of the ‘fight’ or ‘flight’ response
. negative thoughts, but not a change in physiological arousal
. a complex blend of negative mood and self-preoccupation
the activation of the ‘fight’ or ‘flight’ response
Which of the following would be an example of anxiety?
. Julie jumped when she saw the snake
. Hilda dreaded walking home alone
. Carl was certain that the food was poisoned
. The voices in Paul’s head told him he should be afraid
Hilda dreaded walking home alone
Martin is afraid to fly. He knows his boss wants him to take a trip for the business. Martin feels miserable, because he wants to keep his job but cannot even imagine getting on a plane. The most likely diagnosis for Marin is:
. agoraphobia without history of panic disorder
. social phobia
. specific phobia, situation type
. panic disorder with agoraphobia
specific phobia, situation type
Which of the following is associated with a unique physiological response pattern? . agoraphobia . blood-injection-injury phobia . obsessive-compulsive disorder . generalised anxiety disorder
blood-injection-injury phobia
Nicoles mother is terrible afraid of snakes. Although Nicole has never actually seen a snake, her mother has told her time and again to be careful to look for them when she is walking. Now Nicole has an intense fear of snakes and refuses to walk in the grass. This is an example of: . vicarious conditioning of a phobia . classical conditioning of a phobia . operant conditioning of a phobia . unconscious conditioning of a phobia
vicarious conditioning of a phobia
