Exam 9

Question 0

What are piaget’s stage of cognitive development ?

Answer 0

Sensorimotor -(0-2yrs ) -reflex replacement by purposeful movement
Preoperational-(2-7yrs )- egocentric thinking - trial & error
Concrete operational (7-11yrs)-systematic problem solving , can deal with one or more aspect of a situation
Formal operational (2-15yrs) - abstract thinking

Question 1

What Is growth and development ? When does it begin & end ?

Answer 1

Growth - change physical and functioning
Development - change in psychosocial functioning

Development begins with conception and ends with death

Question 2

What are ericksons stages of psychosocial development ?

Answer 2

Infancy - trust vs . Mistrust 
Toddler-autonomy vs. shame&doubt 
Pre-k - initiative vs. guilt 
School age - industry vs. inferiority 
Adolescence - identity vs. role diffusion 
Young adult - intimacy vs. isolation 
Middle adult -generativity vs.stagnation
Late adult - integrity vs. despair

Question 3

Describe the safe use of car seat for children ?

Answer 3

Rear facing in the back seat , for babies , less than one year 20-221bs

Question 4

What purpose can an imagery friend serve for a preschooler ?

Answer 4

Escape goat to blame things on
Playmate
Imagination

Question 5

What do peer group provide for school age development ?

Answer 5

Belonging
Gain maturity
Develop socially

Question 6

What is the purpose of play for children ? Describe stages of play development ?

Answer 6

Important to learn

Onlooker & solitary play - playing by themselves 
Parallel play (18mnths -)  - 
playing along side each other 
Cooperative play - monitor them and understand -PLAYING TOGETHER (tag) or interacting with other kids

Question 7

What is the child first social relationship ?

Answer 7

Family

Question 8

Describe approriate. Decipline and limits ?

Answer 8

Consistency
Not hostile or abusive
Maintain trust
Positive behavior

Question 9

When should sex education be done for children ?

Answer 9

Prepare them before puberty
Be simple
Use simple terms

Question 10

Describe some key issues and problems of adolescent ?

Answer 10

Trying to figure out , who I am 
Puberty
Mature & childish 
Mood swings 
STD
depression
Drugs & alcohol 
Eating disorders
Keep open communication relationship to deal with it 
Use open ended questions as a health care provider

Question 11

What causes occur in menopause ? What causes those change ?

Answer 11

Stop making estrogen 
Stop releasing eggs ( not able to bare children )
-VAGINAL WALL THINNING 
PRONE TO INFECTIONS 
REDUCED BONE DENSITY 
VAGINAL & uterus tend to shrink /decrease 
DRYNESS DURING INTERCOURSE 
HOT FLASHES

Question 12

How should the family respond to stress and help their children deal with it

Answer 12

Observe 
Talkin
Listening 
Look out for signs 
Prepare them ahead of time 
Validate their feelings - open communication 
DO NOT TEACH YHEM TO IGNORE IT

Question 13

What are age related changes of each body system ?

Answer 13

H

Question 14

What are some tips for healthy aging ?

Answer 14

Excersize
Nutrition/diet 
Stress management 
Supportive relationship 
Early detention & treatment of disease 
Hydration 
Avoid smoking & Alcohol 
Screen test - to catch cancer early

Question 15

What are myths about aging ?

Answer 15

Non sexual 
Poor 
Live in nursing homes 
Cannot learn new things 
Senile 
Isolated 
Grumpy 
Rigid
Hard of hearing 
Inactive 
Unhealthy 
Drain on society 
Unhappy

Question 16

What are theories of aging biological and psychosocial ?i e : the active theory

Answer 16

BIOLOGICAL : GENETIC PROGRAMMING - dna, hair color , features
IMMUNOLOGIC -attacking you own tissues
FREE RADICALS - antioxidants
WEAR & TEAR - physical & emotional stress

PSYCHOSOCIAL : DISENGAGEMENT- when grown children depart from home
CONTINUITY -keep doing what you were doing when you were younger
ACTIVITY THEORY - keep active to age well

Question 17

What is ageism ?

Answer 17

Stereotyping and discrimination on people based on their age ?

Question 18

What is polypharmacy ?

Answer 18

-many drugs
-inappropriate use of multiple drugs -can create a situation which the risk outweigh the benefit
-TAKING 5 PLUS MEDS
-SOMETIMES BORROWING
-taking MEDS from more than one health care provider
- have prescription at more than one pharmacy
- request refill without seeing doctor
-use over the counter MEDS
… Nurse make sure they have pt complete list of MEDS

Question 19

How do you prevent & treat constipation in elderly ?

Answer 19

High fiber 
Nutrition
Hydration 
Excersize 
Stool softer

Question 20

What nursing intervention will help confused adults ?

Answer 20

Put them in a familiar 
Use pictures 
Clocks , calendars 
Orient them frequently 
Monitor them 
Take them to the restroom 
... Must never leave the hospital confused

Question 21

How should you care for the incontinent older adult ?

Answer 21

Be respectful 
Do not embarrass them 
Treat them with dignity 
Offer them the bathroom Q2hrs 
Good hygiene

Question 22

What is the bladder training program ?

Answer 22

Kegel excersize

Question 23

What is individualize care ?

Answer 23

• Care plan set up for each person
• What they need as an individual based on culture
• Health & winless for each patient
• Adapt to their wellness

Question 24

What are risk factors for pressure ulcer development ?

Answer 24

-Immobility
-Shearing of the skin
-Incontinence -risk of skin breakdown
Lack of fat
Impaired nutrition -protein

Turn pr q2hrs
Hygiene
Heel protectors
dehydration

Question 25

How does aging affect temperature ?

Answer 25

Patient is always cold
Thinner skin
Slower metabolism
Less subcutaneous fat

Question 26

What are some key concers for dementia / Alzheimer’s care ?

Answer 26

Confusion
Wondering
Dehydration
Aspiration

Question 27

What are the goals of long term care ?

Answer 27

• Maximum function & independence
• Maintain the ability to Care for themselves
• Safety & care