Exam 9/6/18 Flashcards
Open or close stomata
Guard cells
Protect or absorb
Trichomes
Protect against disease and retard water loss
Cork cells
Found on nettles and sting
Trichomes
Where on the plant are the apical meristems found?
Tips of roots and shoots
Which type of wood is found in the center of old tree trunks and roots?
Heartwood
Which type of wood is found near the surface of old tree trunks and roots?
Sapwood
Give an example of a tree with pinnate leaf venation (veins)?
Magnolia
Vascular tissue closest to the stem surface.
Phloem
Why do climbing stems curl?
The contacted area of the stem causes the cell growth to become inhibited while the other surface continues to grow = contact inhibition.
These specialized stems decrease surface area and offer protection.
Spines
Vascular tissue closest to the stem center.
Xylem
Tissue around vascular bundles.
Ground tissue
Give examples of leaves that store water or food.
Cactus, onions
Scales that protect a young bud.
Bud scales
scattered in monocots and in a ring in dicots
Vascular bundles
Conducts water.
Xylem
Vascular bundles are call these in leaves.
Leaf veins
Provide the “skeleton” of the leaf
Leaf veins
Conducts food.
Phloem
List some plant roots that contain spices.
Sassafras, Angelica, licorice
Rotenone is an insecticide that comes from a root. True or false?
True
Dyes and drugs have been taken from roots. True or false?
True
List some tap roots and fibrous roots that serve as food storage?
Carrots, sweet potatoes, radishes, beets
Give four examples of leaves found on insect trapping leaves.
1) Venus flytrap
2) sundew
3) bladderwort
4) pitcher plants
Give an example of a palmately compound leaf.
Sweetgum, sugar maple
If most leaf veins branch off of one main vein, the leaf has _______________ venation.
Pinnate
Region between lead attachment points
Internode
Bud at the top of a branch of twig.
Terminal bud
Thin area in the twig’s bark where gases can be exchanged with the environment.
Lenticels
In dicots, what region is found between the vascular bundles and the epidermis
Cortex
Bud at the angle between the stem and the leaf
Lateral or axillary bud
In dicots, what region is found between the vascular bundles and the center of the stem?
Pith
Leaf stalk
Petiole
Leaves that store water or food are called ____________ leaves.
Storage leaves
These specialized leaves are found at the base of flowers.
Bracts
Sweet potato, carrot, and beets
Food storage root
Tissue on the surface of the stem that contains a cuticle.
Epidermis
What of the “monkey faces” in monocots?
Vascular bundles
Tiny scars within the leaf scar.
Bundle scars
What does the epidermis contain that helps it to be waterproof?
Cutin
Fungi on roots that increase absorption.
Mycorrhizae
Scars used to determine the age of the twig.
Terminal bud scars
Contain bacteria that help to fix nitrogen.
Root nodules
Leaf primordia are found on both sides of the ____________________.
Apical meristem
Onions and lilies are examples of ______________________.
Food storage stems
The newest growth on a branch is called the ___________________.
Twig
Hollow area within the center of a stem.
Ground tissue cavity
Regions where 80% of the chloroplasts are found.
Palisade Mesophyll
_______________ are climbing stems.
Tendrils
Give and example of climbing stems.
Peas, cumcumbers
Underground stems have nodes, therefore they are not roots. True or false?
True
The tubers of Irish potatoes store _________________________.
Food - starch
The flat portion of a leaf is called the ____________.
Blade
The ______________ is the leaf stalk.
Petiole
One leaf/node is called ___________ leaf arrangement.
Alternate
Two leaves/node is called ________________ leaf arrangement.
Opposite
Three leaves/node is called _________________ leaf arrangement.
Whorled
Another name for leaf arrangement is called ________________.
Phyllotaxis
Give an example of a softwood.
Conifers such as spruce, cedar, and pine
List some uses of different woods.
Pine = construction
White oak = barrels
Hickory = told handles, etc
Kudzu and poison ivy are examples of __________ stems.
Climbing
Which wood is dead and is no longer conducting minerals and water?
Heartwood
Strawberries have ___________ and these stems are used for ________________ reproduction.
Runners, vegetative
Which wood is alive and is conducting minerals and water?
Sapwood
Which stems store water?
Succulent
Which wood is stronger and aromatic?
Heartwood
The vertical part of a plant’s body is called the __________________.
Shoot system
Give an example of bracts or floral leaves.
Flowering dogwood, poinsettias
Give an example of a succulent stem.
Cactus
Irish potatoes are examples of ____________ and are really underground _________________.
Tubers, stems
Which wood is lighter in color?
Early/spring
Which wood is darker in color?
Late/ summer
The “eye” of a potato is actually a _________.
Node
What constitutes a growth ring?
Early and late wood together
If the leaflets are arranged along a central stalk it is called a ____________ compound leaf.
Pinnately
What can free growth rings tell us about a tree?
Tree’s age
What is used to remove a core of wood to count the rings?
Increment borer
Parallel leaf venation is found in ______________________.
Monocots such as corn
Which leaf margin is smooth?
Entire
Scar left where leaf was attached
Leaf scar
What tissue helps grasses to withstand high winds even though they lack wood?
Sclerenchyma
Point where leaves are attached on the stem.
Node
“Money faces” are only found in monocots or dicots?
Monocots
The woody plant growth in diameter through _____________ growth at the __________ meristems.
Secondary, lateral
Which tissue produces secondary xylem and secondary phloem in secondary growth?
Vascular cambium
Secondary xylem is also called _____________ and accounts for about ________% of a tree’s mass.
Wood, 90%
Contains barrel-shaped cells.
Palisade mesophyll
Young leaves develop from structures called _________________.
Leaf primordia
Roots above ground.
Aerial roots.
A cherry or pear sucker would be an example of this type of root.
Propagative root
Roots that increase stability.
Buttress roots
Haustoria of dodder would be examples of these types of roots.
Parasitic roots
These roots pull bulbs deeper into the ground.
Contractile roots
Plants living in desert environments would have these type of roots.
Water storage roots
What makes heartwood smell or be aromatic?
Resins, guys, metabolites
Maple syrup comes from ______________ wood.
Sapwood
Vessels, tracheids, and fibers are found in _________________.
Hardwood
List some plant roots that serve as food.
Carrots, beets, sweet potatoes, tapioca from cassava
Give an example of a hardwood.
Oak, maple, hickory
