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Global Food Security > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

What is hunger?

A

feeling of discomfort or weakness caused by lack of food - coupled with the desire to eat

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2
Q

What is hidden hunger?

A

lack of vitamins or minerals

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3
Q

Is hidden hunger always noticeable?

A

Not always obvious - either for person dealing with deficiency or person who diagnoses deficiency

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4
Q

What is food insecurity?

A

limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods or limited or uncertain ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways

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5
Q

What is food security?

A
  1. all people, at all times
  2. physical and economic access
  3. to sufficient, safe and nutritious food
  4. dietary needs and preferences
  5. active and healthy life
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6
Q

What is the main problem regarding food security?

A

ACCESS

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7
Q

Where was food security defined?

A

Rome Declaration on World Food Security - World Food Summit - 1996

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8
Q

What was the goal of the World food summit?

A

define food security

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9
Q

Is there one solution to solving FI and hunger?

A

No silver bullet - difficult for one strategy to achieve all criteria that classifies as being food secure

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10
Q

What are the different environments in the conceptual framework?

A

physical, social, policy/political

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11
Q

What are the different types of capital in the conceptual framework?

A

financial, human, social, natural, physical

- capitals are a product of environment

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12
Q

what is the problem with the mentioning of food in the universal declaration on human rights?

A

meaning of food goes beyond health and well being

- social problem

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13
Q

What did the ICESCR declare on the right to adequate food?

A

specific to hunger and food, everyone has fundamental right to be free from hunger

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14
Q

ICESCR statement on the right to food?

A
  • Regular, permanent and unrestricted access
    • Quantitatively and qualitatively adequate food
  • Corresponding to cultural traditions
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15
Q

What must the states ratifying the right to adequate food do?

A

Respect, protect and fulfill

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16
Q

Why do we think the Right to Food is important?

A
  1. Human dignity
    1. Many countries have ratified the ICESCR
    2. Sustainable development goals - without fulfilling right to food will not be able to achieve this - must be achieved by 2020
    3. Economic reasons - hunger and poverty have economic and social costs - cannot produce what needs to be produced because people do not have the strength
    4. Politicians who implement the right to food are more popular among voters
    5. Since we have the knowledge and resources, would be unethical not to act

–> Human dignity, legal obligations, international commitments, economic reasons, political reasons, ethical reasons

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17
Q

Right to Food approach makes which group the centre of concern?

A

vulnerable groups –> this is a human rights based approach

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18
Q

What are the four pillars of food security?

A

Availability, access, utilization, stability

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19
Q

What are the four criteria/aspects of stability

A

Social, economic, environmental, political

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20
Q

What is chronic food insecurity?

A

Long term, directly related to poverty, lack of assets

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21
Q

What is transitory food insecurity?

A

short term, temporary - due to sudden drop of ability of people to produce or access food. Relatively unpredictable

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22
Q

What was the Millenium development goal related to FI?

A

eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

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23
Q

what are the dimensions of static and dynamic determinants when assessing FS?

A

Availability, physical access, economic access, utilization, vulnerability, shocks

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24
Q

What are the FS measurement methods?

A

Prevalence of undernourishment - FAO method, household income and expenditure surveys, adequacy of dietary intake, anthropometric indicators, people’s experience with FI

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25
Q

Which indicators are proxies for food insecurity?

A

First four measures - some as determinants some as consequences

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26
Q

What is the most direct measurement of FI?

A

People’s experiences with FI

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27
Q

What did the most recent state of FS take into account that had not been looked into in the past?

A
  • FS and nutrition

- not only in developing countries, also incorporates NA and Europe

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28
Q

what did voices of the hungry measure?

A

measured food insecurity seen through the lens of people’s experiences

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29
Q

What four pieces of information are needed to assess a child’s nutritional status through anthropometric measures?

A

height, weight, exact age, sex

30
Q

Is stunting considered to be acute or chronic?

A

Chronic

31
Q

Is wasting considered to be acute or chronic?

A

acute

32
Q

What is the double burden of malnutrition?

A

the dual burden of under- and over nutrition occurring simultaneously within a population

33
Q

What is the double burden of malnutrition at a household level?

A

coexistence of stunted child along with overweight mother within the same household
- these are two types of people at highest risk for obesity and undernutrition

34
Q

Where is the global prevalence of obesity increasing?

A

in both urban and rural settings. Speed of increase is higher in rural areas

35
Q

What are the three categories of food insecurity?

A

Mild/marginal, moderate, severe

36
Q

What type of households are more likely to be food insecure in US and Canada?

A

Households with children, single mom household (gender inequality), racial and ethnic minorities

37
Q

How come Canada has a much lower prevalence of FI than the US?

A

Social network differences between the countries

38
Q

What is the most direct determinant of FI?

A

POVERTY

39
Q

Determinants of FI in Australian children are grouped into which categories?

A

food utilization, food availability, food access

40
Q

What are four agricultural related risks?

A

Urbanization, low levels of biosecurity, high-risk of pathogens, lagging governance systems

41
Q

What is the difference between food loss and food waste?

A

food loss - beginning of supply chain –> production

food waste- based on consumption –> human

42
Q

Why is there food waste in Canada?

A

overconsumption and overpurchasing

43
Q

Problems regarding agriculture for the future?

A

Decrease in arable land, increase in water requirement, decrease in natural resources

44
Q

What food causes the highest percentage of food waste?

A

FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

- very perishable, strict grading, likelihood of disease

45
Q

What are environmental factors changing the quality of food?

A

Temperature, humidity, exposure to direct light

46
Q

What are causes of food loss (5)

A

poor storage facilities, poor infrastructure and transportation and lack of refrigeration, inadequate market facilities, poor packaging, quality standards

47
Q

What are causes of food waste (5)

A

food manufacture, poor environmental conditions during display, lack of planning, BBD and UBO, leftovers

48
Q

What is food waste?

A

Food fit for consumption that is being discarded

49
Q

What is validity?

A

Accuracy - how close a measurement is to the true state of nature

50
Q

What are the seven types of validity?

A

Internal, external, face, sampling, criterion, predictive, construct

51
Q

What is reliability

A

Reproducibility - amount of agreement between the results of repeated measurements of the SAME sample

52
Q

What are sources of error

A

Sample, individual, observer, instrument

53
Q

How many goals is the millennium development goals

A

8 goals to be met by 2015

54
Q

What goal had to do with hunger in the millennium development goals

A

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

55
Q

How many goals were the sustainable development goals?

A

17

56
Q

What goals had to do with food insecurity in the sustainable development goals

A

2 goals- no poverty and zero hunger

57
Q

what are the seven high-priority policy actions?

A
  1. invest in human resources
  2. improve access to productive resources and remunerative employment
  3. improve markets, infrastructure and institutions
  4. expand appropriate research, knowledge and technology
  5. improve natural resource management
  6. promote good governance
  7. support sound national and international trade and macroeconomic policies
58
Q

What are 5 pathways to reshape the global food system?

A
  1. invest in agriculture research and development to produce more nutrition with less
  2. fix the fundamentals - ex: marketing, infrastructure (access to WASH)
  3. empower women in linking agriculture to nutrition
  4. transform smallholder agriculture for nutrition-driven outcomes
  5. improve food safety
59
Q

What does FAO 2012’s solution call for?

A

Calls for an economic growth that incorporates the poor

- Unless able to address and find some solutions to poverty, won’t be able to solve the problem of undernutrition

60
Q

How much food in the world is wasted?

A

between 30-50%

61
Q

What is the main driver of FI in South Sudan?

A

Conflict

62
Q

What are the three contextual factors regarding FI among immigrants in Canada?

A
  1. Financial
  2. Cultural
  3. Education
63
Q

Who are the most vulnerable regarding FI among immigrants in Canada?

A

the newly arrived

64
Q

What are the main hurdles for accessing food in Nunavut?

A

lack of equipment, lack of knowledge, food prices

65
Q

What are the main causes of FI in the Pacific Islands?

A

Westernization and climate change

66
Q

What are the main causes of FI in James Bay?

A

Climate change, lack of infrastructure (grocery stores), high food prices

67
Q

What is a main consequence of FI in Ethiopia?

A

Intergenerational cycle of malnutrition

68
Q

What are the main causes of FI in DTE Vancouver?

A

Discrimination and social issues

69
Q

What dimension of FI is key to progress in Yemen?

A

Stability

70
Q

What are the commitments of the WFS Plan of Action? - 7

A
  1. Political, economic and social environments more conducive to achieve sustainable FS for all
  2. policies aimed to eradicate poverty; safe, sufficient and nutritionally adequate food
  3. Participatory and sustainable food policies at global, national and household levels
  4. policies to foster food security through fair world trade system
  5. prevent and prepare for natural disasters and human-made emergencies
  6. optimal allocation and use of public and private investments
  7. implement, monitor and follow-up this plan
71
Q

What are some examples of development interventions on household FS?

A

environment, nutritional and care education, water and sanitation, institutional development, new technologies, infrastructure

72
Q

What are the food based strategies?

A
  1. increase food production
  2. diet diversification
  3. bio-fortification

Global Food Security (1 decks)

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