exam Flashcards
Goal
An objective a person tries to accomplish
Process goal
Focus on actions and execution skills
Performance goal
Focus on a standard of performance
Outcome
Focus on results
Long term goals
Big outcome/big picture
Problem: no feedback or progress
Short term goals
Steps along the way, accomplish in a short time, reinforcement towards long term goals.
SMART goals
Specific Measurable Action-oriented Realistic Time-based
Common goal setting problems
too many goals, not smart goals
revise goals
Self-concept
the overall perception of self
self-esteem
evaluate & effective component of self-concept
Athlete identity
Who someone is as an athlete
Self-perception
Peoples thoughts attitudes & feelings about ourselves in general
Self-schema
set of self-beliefs that define who we are
Self-efficacy
situation-specific self-confidence
The thought that you are or aren’t capable of accomplishing a certain task.
low self-efficacy =
shy away from challenges
doubt ability
Outcome expectations
the belief that behaviors will lead to certain outcomes
Efficacy expectations
beliefs about one’s capabilities
Motivation
“why of behavior”
intensity and direction.. (effort and approach/avoid)
Behavioral motivation
focuses on E’s:
extrinsic focus
environment
experience
Reinforcement
training something on the rewards they’re getting
shaping
slowly changing behavior
positive approach
focuses on rewarding appropriate behavior.
Neg. approach
focuses on punishing undesirable behaviors
Intermittent reinforcement
every once and a while praise them/reinforce.
ABC approach
Antecedents- triggers/cues in the environment.
Behavior- make it a habit
Consequences- reinforcers
Habits
Less thinking, less stress
Atkinson’s theory of achievement motivation
personality & situational factors are determinants of achievement behavior.
Goal orientation
Task: goals are based on task mastery & learning
Ego: focused on winning & performing better than others
Mastery based climate
Focus on mastering what you are doing & the results will come.
Performance climate
The focus is only on the results.
Intrinsic motivation
People strive inwardly to be competent & self-determining in their pursuit to master a task.
Factors influencing int. motivation
social/env. factors
success & failure
Coaches behavior
focus of competition
Self-determination theory
Must satisfy basic needs for:
Competency
Autonomy
Relatedness
External regulations
want to attain the desired consequence such as a reward
Introjection
consequences are self-imposed (self-pride) ego involvements and do things because of ext. factors.
Identification
Someone who does it just “to be healthy” as opposed to enjoying the activity.
Integration
Identify the importance of behaviors & integrate those with other aspects of the self, (exercising b/c it’s who you are)
Competence
Need to gain mastery of tasks & learn different skills
Autonomy
need to feel in control of their own behaviors & goals
Relatedness
need to experience a sense of belonging & attachment to others
Positive reinforcement
reward people for behaviors to keep them motivated
Cognitive evaluation theory
explains the effects of external conflicts on internal motivation. (controlling aspects & informational aspects)
Controlling aspects
rewards perceived to control a person decrease intrinsic motivation.
informational aspects
rewards that provide info & pos feedback about competence increase intrinsic motivation.
Health belief model
Considerable support in relation to health behaviors and medical compliance.
Theory of planned behavior
Intentions predict behavior:
attitudes toward behavior
subjective norms for behavior
perceived control
Social cognitive theory
Behavior is driven by self-efficacy
think self-efficacy!!!
Transtheoretical model
Integrated elements from a variety of theories.
People progress through certain stages of change.
Ecological model
Think big picture
ex: infrastructure in Boone is not set up for PA
