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MAT SCI > EXAM > Flashcards

EXAM Flashcards

1
Q

Mer

A

repeatable unit in a polymer

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2
Q

material suitable for cladding a building

A

Aluminium

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3
Q

vinyl flooring in a building is ….

A

Thermoplastic

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4
Q

BCC

A

6 planes x 2 directions = 12 systems

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5
Q

FCC

A

4 planes x 3 directions = 12 systems

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6
Q

HCP

A

1 plane x 3 directions = 3 systems

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7
Q

Manufacturing Polymeric Materials

A

Ultrasonic Welding
Thermoforming
Injection Moulding
Extrusion

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8
Q

Metal Defects

A

Dislocation
Interstitial
Substitutional
Grain Boundary

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9
Q

Cold rolling increases number of …. in a crystalline structure.

A

Dislocations

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10
Q

Suitable method for manufacture of a Steel Beam

A

Rolling of a Billet

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11
Q

Hydration of dicalcium silicate is…

A

Exothermic

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12
Q

Teflon is a …

A

Polymer

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13
Q

Bohr Model of the atom

A

electrons in discrete orbitals

energies of electrons quantised

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14
Q

Wave-Mechanical atomic model

A

wave and particle like properties

position of electron as a probability

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15
Q 
Dislocation effects on...
Yield strength
ductility
hardness
elastic modulus
toughness
A 
increases
decreases
increases
same
decreases
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16
Q

Ferrite

A

BCC, alpha iron

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17
Q

Austenite

A

FCC, gamma iron

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18
Q

Cementite

A

Iron Carbide, Fe3C

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19
Q

Pearlite

A

laminated structure of Ferrite and Cementite formed during cooling by the diffusion of Carbon

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20
Q

Hardenability

A

ease of martensite formation

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21
Q

Martensite

A

non-equilibrium phase formed during rapid cooling when diffusion is too slow to allow Pearlite formation
very hard and brittle

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22
Q 
APFS:
FCC
BCC
HCP
SC
A
  1. 74
  2. 68
  3. 74
  4. 52
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23
Q

Defects found in crystalline solids

A

Point (atoms)
Line (dislocations)
Area (grains)
Volume (precipitates)

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24
Q

Eutectic

A

Liquid

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25
Q

Eutectoid

A

Solid

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26
Q

Glass

A

Crystalline

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27
Q

Engineered Ceramic

A

Non-crystalline

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28
Q

how does impure limestone produce cement?

A

heated to around 1450 ºC

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29
Q

Clinker phases formed during manufacture of cement

A

Tricalcium Silicate (Alite) initial strength
Dicalcium Silicate (Belite) late strength
Tricalcium Aluminate
Calcium alumni ferrite

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30
Q

Gypsum

A

added to cement to stop flash set from the trillium aluminate phase. forms ettrengite.

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31
Q

Metal properties

A

strong, ductile
high thermal and electrical conductivity
opaque, reflective

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32
Q

Ceramic properties

A

compounds (metallic and non-metallic)
brittle, glassy, elastic
non conducting

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33
Q

Polymer properties

A

Covalent bonding
soft, ductile, low strength and density
translucent / transparent

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34
Q

Atomic Mass Unit

A

1/12 th mass of Carbon-12 atom

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35
Q

Relative Atomic Mass

A

mass of one mol

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36
Q

Electropositive (left)

Electronegative (right)

A

give up electrons to become +ve ions

acquire electrons to become -ve ions

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37
Q

Ionic Bonding

ceramics

A 
large bond energy
metallic and non-metallic
non-directional bonding
relatively strong
brittle
38
Q

Covalent Bonding

polymers, glasses and ceramics

A 
variable bond energy
sharing electrons (non-metal compounds)
directional bonding
very strong
brittle
39
Q

Metallic Bonding

metals

A 
variable bond energy
valence electrons become delocalised (metals and alloys)
non-directional bonding
intermediate strength 
ductile
40
Q

Van Der Waals

polymers

A

weak secondary bond
directional
very ductile

41
Q

Hydrogen Bonding

A

weak secondary bond

interaction and delocalisation of hydrogen electrons

42
Q

Crystalline

A

atoms situated in a periodic array over large atomic distances
(dense, regular packing) –> lower energy

43
Q

Amorphous

A

no long range order, non-crystalline

non-dense, random packing

44
Q

Unit Cell

A

basic building block unit that repeats in space to create crystal structure

45
Q

Ductility

A

ease of plastic deformation

46
Q

Anisotropic

A

properties vary with direction

47
Q

Poisson’s Ratios:
metals
ceramics
polymers

A
  1. 33
  2. 25
  3. 40
48
Q

Yield Strength

A

stress at which noticeable plastic deformation has occurred

49
Q

Tensile Strength

A

max. stress that a structure can sustain

50
Q

Toughness

A

energy to break a unit volume of material

51
Q

Resilience

A

ability of a material to store energy

52
Q

Hardness

A

resistance of materials to localised plastic deformation

53
Q

Metal strengthening mechanisms

A

reduce grain size
solid-solution strengthening
precipitation strengthening
cold work

54
Q

Alloy

A

metallic substance made up of more than one element

55
Q

Low Carbon Steels

car body components, reinforced concrete

A

carbon <0.25wt%
unresponsive to heat
soft and weak
excellent ductility

56
Q

Medium Carbon Steels

railway wheels, gears

A

carbon 0.25-0.6wt%
heat treatable only in thin sections
stronger, wear resistant
less ductile

57
Q

High Carbon Steels

cutting tools, blades

A

carbon 0.6-1.4wt%
heat treatable in thick sections
strong, hard, wear resistant
least ductile

58
Q

Casting

A

sand casting
investment casting
die casting

59
Q

Forming

A

forging
rolling
extrusion
drawing

60
Q

Joining

A

powder processing
welding
heat affected zone

61
Q

Glass properties

A

brittle
low toughness
amorphous

62
Q

Glass Fabrication Techniques

A

pressing
blowing
drawing
fibre forming

63
Q

Strengthening of Glass

A

tempering
chemical
reinforcement

64
Q

Natural Ceramics

A

Sedimentary rocks

Igneous rocks

65
Q

Traditional Ceramics

A

local clays

66
Q

Vitrification

A

formation of liquid glass which flows into pores and produces dense ceramic

67
Q

Polymers

A

organic macromolecules made of repeating ‘mer’ units

68
Q

Thermoplastic

A

soften on heated
linear chains
weak intermolecular bonding
ductile

69
Q

Thermoset

A

degrade on heating
heavily cross linked
brittle

70
Q

polymerisation

A

chemical process that causes a large number of monomers to combine to form the polymer

71
Q

Elastomers

A

linear with some cross linking

shape retention

72
Q

Cold Drawing

A

molecules drawn out and aligned
elastic modulus increases
tensile strength increases
ductility decreases

73
Q

Concrete

A

composite material, aggregates held together by a cementing medium

74
Q

cement paste functions

A

1) fill voids between aggregates

2) provide strength to hardened concrete

75
Q

aggregate functions

A

1) cheap fill for cementing material
2) provide a mass of particles which resist loads, abrasion…
3) reduce volume change

76
Q

Portland Cement raw materials

A

Limeston, Clay and Gypsum

77
Q

super-plasticisers

A

high range water reducing admixtures that don’t affect setting

78
Q

compressive strength

A

maximum stress that the concrete may carry

related to water/cement ratio

79
Q

tensile strength

A

roughly a 1/10th of compressive strength

80
Q

Mortar

A

paste + fine aggregate

81
Q

Portland Cement Production

A

1) grind raw materials
2) burn in large rotary kiln at 1450º to form balls known as Klinker
3) cool klinker and grind to fine powder
4) add gypsum

82
Q

Hydration (2 methods)

A

1) In Solution

2) Solid State

83
Q

Hydration Products

A

Calcium Silicate Hydrate

Calcium Hydroxide

84
Q

Tricalcium Aluminate Products

A

1) Ettringite (early stages of hydration)

2) Monosulfate (Later stages of hydration)

85
Q

Cement Gel

A

rigid aggregation of very small particles

porosity = 28%

86
Q

Water within hardened cement paste

A

1) chemically combines in the hydrates
2) interlayer water
3) absorbed water
4) capillary water

87
Q

Pozzolanic

A

material containing active Silica

88
Q

accelerators / retarders

A

increase / decrease rate of hydration

increase / decrease solubility of C3A

89
Q

Aggregates

A

hard, strong, free from impurities

90
Q

s, d, p and f block orbitals

A

1-2
3-12
13-18
lanthanides and actinides

91
Q

valence electrons

A

single electron in the outer shell of an atom, can be gained or lost (incomplete outer shell)

MAT SCI (1 decks)

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