Exam Flashcards
Study for exam
Why is the web 1.0 known as the “readable” phase of the world wide web?
- There is only limited interaction between web users/ the site.
- It is simply an informational portal where users can passively receive information without being given the opportunity to post comments
- E.x Wikipedia
Why is the web 2.0 known as the “writable” phase of the world wide web?
- Allows users to interact more freely with each other
- Encourages collaboration
- Such as youttube, facebook, etc.
Why was the scandal involving facebook and Cambridge Anaylitica unethical?
- Because facebook leaked 87 million facebook profiles
- Violating the trust of the users
What were the 2 technologies that helped the professor Hawkings to communicate?
- Equalizer (was the software that allowed him to use the hand clicker)
- Speech Synthesizer (output where a computer or other machine reads words to you out loud in a real or simulated voice played through a loudspeaker; the technology is often called text-to-speech (TTS))
Internet addiction symptoms?
Isolation, depression/anxiety, carpal tunnel syndrome (pinching of the nerve), and neck pain
What are the 4 number systems?
- ) Decimal system (decimal numerals)
- ) Binary system (0-7 digits)
- ) Octal System (8 digits)
- ) Hexadecimal system (16 digits)
What are the two coding systems that are used to represent text-based data in current computers?
-ASCII (american standard code for information interchange)computers can only understand numbers so ASCII code is the numerical representation of a character such as “a” or “@” or an action of some sort
-EBCDIC (Extended binary coded decimal interchange code)
: is a binary code for alphabetic/numeric characters that IBM developed for its larger operating systems. It is the code for text files that is used in IBM’s o/s and that thousands of corporations use for their applications/databases
What are the two types of use cases for supervised machine learning?
- Classification: determine the discrete class to which each individual belongs- based on input data. For example: spam filtering or fraud detection
- Regression: Predict the real-valued output for each individual, based on input data . For example: weather forecasting or stock market prediction
What are two disadvantages/advantages of machine learning?
Disadvantages:
- acquiring data in a useable form
- formulating the problem so that the machine learning can be applied and will yield a result that’s actionable and measurable.
Advantages:
- it is accurate
- it is automated (new patterns are learned automatically)
Where is artificial neural networking in machine learning used? Give an example.
- To construct a computer capable of “human-like” thought
- generally used to learn to make classifications and diagnosis of patients with heart disease using collected data (age, sex, etc).
- train network to predict heart disease of new patient.
What is package switching? Extend this analogy to the idea of net neutrality.
- Packet switching is a digital network transmission process in which data is broken into suitably sized pieces /blocks for fast/efficient transfer via different network data when a computer attempts to send a file to another computer, the file is broken into packets so that it can be sent across the network in the most efficient way.
- Like how small packages / mail is sent in the post office
- Net neutrality is the principle that internet services provide should enable access to all content/applications regardless of the source- and without favouring/blocking certain websites/products.
What is a “nibble”?
-A “nibble” is 4 binary digits or 1/2 of an 8-bit (it is a collection of 4 bits)
What is “hexadecimal notation”?
-There are 16 digits (0-9) and (A-F)
What is a “base”?
-The available numbers in a numbering system
What is “ASCII”?
- American standard code for information interchange (ASCII)
- It is a character encoding standard for electronic communication (represent text in computers and other devices)
What are “octal numbers”?
-the octal number system is the base 8 number system and uses digits 0-7
What is “triangle mesh”?
-A triangle mesh is a type of polygon mesh in computer graphics. It comprises a set of triangles (typically in three dimensions) that are connected by their common edges or corners
What is “geometric primitive”?
-geometric objects that the system can handle, draw, store,
What is “Hypertext”?
-a software system that links topics on the screen to related information and graphics , which are typically addressed by a point- and - click method
(text displayed on computer display with references to other text that the reader can immediately access)
What is “reasoning”?
-computer programs that allow computers to reason completely or nearly completely, automatically.
What is “training data”?
-an initial set of data used to help a program understand how to apply technologies like neural network to learn and produce sophisticated results
What is “capability of an AI system?”
- an AI system must be capable of doing:
1. ) store knowledge
2. )apply the knowledge to solve problems
3. ) acquire new knowledge through experience
What is “Machine learning”?
-AI- provides computers with the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed
What is “Supervised learning”?
-Supervised machine learning systems provide the learning algorithms with known quantities to support future judgements (chatbots)
What is the “decision tree”?
- A decision support tool that uses tree -like model of decisions and their possible consequences.
- It is one way to display an algorithm that only contains conditional statements (IF ELSE)
What is a “neural network”?
-A type of AI that attempts to imitate the way human brain work - rather than using a digital model in which all computers manipulate 1’s and 0’s - a neural network works by creating connections between processing elements- the computer equivalent of neurons.
