exam

Question 1

defamation

Answer 1

Injuring or damaging the reputation or character of a person by making statements
to a third person.

Question 2

types of defamation

Answer 2

• Libel - (permanent such as written publications, DVDs, film, medical records, pictures)
Nurses have written in the Progress Notes that she is “childish, stupid, and as stubborn as a pig”
The nurses have defamed her by writing this.
• Slander - (non-permanent such as speech or actions) e.g. verbally commenting about an
individual in such a way that his or her reputation may be harmed.

Question 3

Battery.

Answer 3

The criminal offence of assault generally includes both the threatened and the actual application of force to a person without their consent. It includes the actual intent to cause harm, or a very high degree of reckless indifference to the probability of
harm.

Question 4

Types of restraint

Answer 4

Physical - leather or cloth wrist and ankle restraints, full-sheet restraints, soft belts or vests, hand mitts, crotch/pelvic ties, suit/ harnesses, wheelchair safety bars, gerichairs and overchair tables.
• Chemical - Chemical restraint involves medications. E.g. antipsychotics, antidepressants, beta-blockers
• Environmental - Locked in a room
• Psychological - Threatening a patient so they believe
that the they will suffer an adverse consequence if he
or she moves

Question 5

consent define

Answer 5

permission for something to happen or agreement to do something. must obtain a patient’s consent before they undertake any medical procedure, unless it is an emergency.

Question 6

exceptions for consent

Answer 6

Emergency
• Incompetent patients
• Necessity/best interests of the patient
• Legislation
• Order of court or other tribunal

Question 7

Types of consent

Answer 7

Implied
• Verbal
• Written

Question 8

Elements for consent (3)

Answer 8

It must be voluntary. Consent given under threat or duress/coercion, sedation,
misrepresentation or not understood due to a language barrier is not valid and can
be withdrawn at any time.
2. It must be specific. The act that is being consented to must be precisely the act
that is carried out. The person must be properly informed about the specific
procedure including risks and benefits. (informed consent)
3. It must come from a competent person. In other words the client must be an adult
of sound mind

Question 9

negligence

Answer 9

failure to take reasonable care or steps to prevent loss or injury to another person. breach of duty of care. foreseeable harm