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Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of organizational consultation?

A

There is no agreement on a single definition of organizational consultation

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2
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A

Physiological, safety, love/ belonging, esteem, and self-actualization

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3
Q

What type of development at the ages 0-2?

A

Sensorimotor (learns through senses) - infancy

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4
Q

What type of development at the ages of 2-7?

A

Pre-operational (egocentric learning) - childhood

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5
Q

What type of development at the ages of 7-11?

A

Concrete (needs concrete aids for learning) - pre-adolescence

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6
Q

What type of development at the ages of 11+?

A

Formal (are capable of abstract thought) - adolescence through adulthood

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7
Q

Decision-making model

A

First evaluate which, if any, cultural variables are relevant.
Decide the level of skills and knowledge needed to provide competent treatment.
Assess how much, when, and how to pull in cultural issues.
Examine the cultural implications of all possible treatments and choose strategies that focus on cultural strengths.

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8
Q

Considerations during the first interview

A 
Questions children may have about counseling
Understanding resistance
Steps to overcoming resistance
Goals and Observations
Building a therapeutic alliance
Structure
Explain confidentiality and the counseling process
Investigate expectations
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9
Q

Goal attainment scaling

A

Goals established cooperatively
Goals in measurable terms between “What I have” and What I would like to have”
Priorities identified
Levels of attainment monitored throughout counseling
Graph to show weekly progress

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10
Q

Informed Consent

A

Formal permission given by a client for beginning counseling is known as informed consent

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11
Q

Confidentiality

A

Professional responsibility to respect and limit access to clients’ personal information

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12
Q

Father of developmental psychology

A

Hall

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13
Q

Scientific Method 4 steps

A 
o	Identifying the problem
o	Defining – operationalization
o	Form a hypothesis
o	Collect data
o	Compare results
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14
Q

Cognitive theory

A

internal using mind to form expectations

o Cognitive maps, constructivism

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15
Q

Freud’s theory

A

psychoanalytical theory to explain behavior
o Unconscious motivation, childhood experiences
o Mind is made up of 3 things
 Unconscious – ID – pleasure – biological instructs, life instrict
 Conscious – Ego – reality – logical rational decision making
 Pre-conscious – Superego – moral reasoning, moral code (3 yrs)

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16
Q

Freud’s stages

A

 Oral – b-1yr – mouth pleasure. Weaning early – dependency, over – entitlement
 Anal - 1-3 – potty train
 Phallic – 3-6 – genitals love relationship with parents. Boy loves mom hates dad, castration anxiety so identify with dad.
 Latency – 6-12 libido dormant
 Genital – finding a partner

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17
Q

Erikson’s stages

A

o Stage 1: B-1 trust vs mistrust – caregiver meeting needs? Is the world safe?
o Stage 2: 2-3 autonmy vs shame/doubt – independence encourage
o Stage 3: 4-5 initative vs guilt – mental curiousity rather than physical exploration.
o Stage 4: 6-11: industry vs inferiority – evaluate products we make sense of worthiness
o Stage 5: 12-18 identity vs role confusion – higher level of thinking
o Stage 6: 18-24 intimacy vs isolation – develop intimacy
o Stage 7: 25-64 generativity vs stagnation – passing on skills making contribution
o Stage 8: 65 – death integrity vs depair – conflict looking back in life well lived

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18
Q

Entry stage

A

exploring organizational needs
contracting
physically entering the system
psychologically entering the system

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19
Q

Diagnosis Stage

A

gathering information
defining the problem
setting goals
generating possible interventions

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20
Q

Implementation Stage

A

choosing an intervention
formulating a plan
implementing the plan
evaluating the plan

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21
Q

Disengagement Stage

A

evaluating the consultation process
planning postconsultation matters
reducing involvement and
following up terminating

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22
Q

In contrast to Sigmund Freud, John Watson argued for

A

an emphasis on learning experiences

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23
Q

The idea that behavior is shaped by its consequences is called _________ and was created by ______

A

law of effect; Thorndike

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24
Q

Norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine are all examples of

A

neurotransmitters

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25
Q

The __________ has two branches, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, and is the part of the nervous system that helps regulate arousal and emotions

A

autonomic nervous system

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26
Q

The part of the brain that is involved in higher mental functioning, including information processing, learning, and memory is the

A

cerebral hemispheres

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27
Q

___________receive chemical messages from other neurons

A

Dendrites

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28
Q

Gina has difficulties in recognizing that words can be broken into sound segments. Gina appears to have a problem in

A

phonological awareness

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29
Q

Overall, children with learning disabilities tend to perform ____ on tests of general intelligence

A

In the low average range

30
Q

Who was the founder of behaviorism?

A

Watson

31
Q

A type of learning in which an organism responds in a particular way to a neutral stimulus that normally does not bring about that type of response is called

A

classical conditioning.

32
Q

In operant conditioning, individuals

A

learn to operate on their environments to bring about desired consequences.

33
Q

Who is considered the predominant theorist in cognitive development?

A

Piaget

34
Q

Operant conditioning was formulated and championed by

A

Skinner.

35
Q

According to Freud, children’s passage through a series of stages in which pleasure, or gratification, is focused on a particular biological function and body part is called

A

psychosexual development.

36
Q

Who was the developmental researcher who produced the earliest work on human attachment?

A

Bowlby

37
Q

BEHAVIOR THAT OPERATES ON AND CHANGES THE ENVIRONMENT

A

Operant

38
Q

Five basic needs of reality therapy

A 
Survival
Freedom
Power
Fun
Love and Belonging
39
Q

Who is involved with REBT therapy

A

Ellis

40
Q

Focus of REBT

A

REBT concentrates on people’s current beliefs, attitudes, and self-statements and is based on the belief that those messages contribute to or cause as well as maintain people’s emotional and behavioral disturbances

41
Q

Theory of counseling for REBT

A

People choose their beliefs and can choose to change
Goal of REBT is to teach people to think and behave in a more personally satisfying way
Teach people to take responsibility for their own logical thinking and the consequences and behaviors that follow it

42
Q

Three assumptions of cognition

A

Cognitive activity impacts behavior.
Cognitive activity can be monitored and changed.
A desired change in behavior can be accomplished through changing cognitions.

43
Q

Which of the following is not an area of expertise a school psychologist needs in order to effectively facilitate systems-level change?

A

A comprehensive understanding of special education eligibility criteria

44
Q

Given the following groups of facilitation techniques, which one is most likely to help guide family-school meetings?

A

Stacking, linking, listening for common ground, and bridging

45
Q

Two or more people working together, using systematic planning and problem-solving procedures, to achieve a desired outcome is known as

A

Collaboration

46
Q

Which of the following is NOT a key component to the manifestation of determination process?

A

Conducting a comprehensive evaluation.

47
Q

An article that consists of a systematic search and review of the research articles and employs statistics (usually effect size estimates) to produce the quantitative summary and to control for the most prominent confounds in the research is known as a (________________).

A

Meta-Analysis Study

48
Q

According to Zins and Elias (2006) ___________________ is “the process of acquiring and effectively applying the knowledge, attitudes, and skills necessary to recognize and manage emotions; developing caring and concern for others; making responsible decisions; establishing positive relationships; and handling challenging situations capably.”

A

Social and emotional learning (SEL)

49
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered to be a part of a student’s educational records?

A

Notes from your counseling sessions

50
Q

The process of becoming aware of and adapting to a culture distinct from the home culture is known as __________.

A

Acculturation

51
Q

Bob experienced the death of his grandmother three days ago, is severely traumatized by this event, and is having at least some difficulty coping independently with this situation. Which of the following interventions would best address this situation?

A

A student group and caregiver trainings

52
Q

In order to maintain the Nationally Certified School Psychologist certificate, a school psychologist must complete ____ hours of continuing professional development every ___ years.

A

75; 3

53
Q

Gaining experiences through exposure in one’s family is known as _________.

A

Culture capital

54
Q

Which of the following is the correct order of the five-step ethical and legal decision-making model?

A

Describe the situation; Define the potential ethical-legal issues involved; Evaluate rights and welfare of all affected parties; Consider alternative decisions; Make the decision.

55
Q

Which of the following best represents Dane and Schneider’s components of intervention integrity?

A

Adherence, quality of delivery, exposure, program differentiation, and participant responsiveness

56
Q

Under IDEA and FERPA, upon parental request, school psychologists generally have an obligation to allow parents to inspect which of the following documents?

A

Their child’s answers on an individually-administered test protocol

57
Q

This individual is known as the Founder of Clinical and School Psychology and helped establish the first psychological laboratory at the University of Pennsylvania

A

Lightner Witmer

58
Q

This man is the first person known to hold the title of school psychologist:

A

Arnold Gessell

59
Q

If punishment it applied on an intermittent schedule, it is _____ likely to be effective

A

less

60
Q

Continuous reinforcement schedule is used for ______ of behavior

A

acquisition

61
Q

Classical conditioning person

A

Pavlov

62
Q

Respondent conditioning

A

US-UR
US+NS-UR
NS turns into CS-CR

63
Q

The behavior will decrease ____ quickly during extinction after continuous reinforcement than intermittent reinforcement

A

more

64
Q

What does the CNS do

A

processes info and generates behavior plan

65
Q

What does the PNS do

A

motor and sensory neurons that connect brain to the spinal cord

66
Q

Operant conditioning coined by

A

Skinner

67
Q

Operant conditioning

A

form of learning which explains the relation of behaviors on certain rewards and consequences.

68
Q

Rogers – person centered therapy.

A

Must be genuine, unconditional positive regard, accurate empathetic understanding, and active listening

69
Q

William Glasser – Reality Therapy

A

responsibility therapy. Acceptance of responsibility of the individual for their own behaviors. I own what im doing/feeling

70
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

Stresses the thinking of the individual, either inaccurate or irrational. finding whats inaccurate and in effect delete it from your hard drive.

Comp Exam (1 decks)

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