Exam 7 Flashcards
Types of ambulances 1,2,3
1, truck with a separated, cab and body
2, van style
3, square big van
what is Medivac
Medical evacuation of a helicopter
100 x 100 feet zone
CRASH Report
- C - critical information - GCS, ABCs
- R - restraints used - types, speed, type of impact
- A - assessments - account for limbs, history, and damage to passenger compartment
- S - suspected injuries - chest assessment, spine/back trauma, long bones, and pelvis
- H - help needed - plan for extrication after disentanglement
Incident commander (IC), singular command, United command
Individual who runs entire incident responsible for coordinating
One person coordinating incident, smaller jurisdiction
Managers of different jurisdictions share command
Finance and logistics
Responsible for documenting all expenses
Responsible for communicating equipment, facilities, food, and water
Operations and planning
At a large or complex incident responsible for managing tactical operations usually handled by there IC
Solves problems as they arise and develops action plan
Triage supervisor, treatment supervisor, transportation supervisor, staging supervisor, rehab supervisor, morgue supervisor
In charge of counting and prioritizing patients
Locate inside of all treatment areas with a tier for each priority
Coordinates for transportation of patients to appropriate receiving hospitals
Should be assigned when scenes require a multi agency response
Establishes an area that provides protection from the situation
Removal of dead body and parts
Primary triage and secondary triage
Primary is performed in the field assessing and tagging patient priority
Secondary is after they are brought into the treatment area. They are reassessed
For tags for triage red, yellow, green, black
Red, need immediate care and transport
Yellow, delayed, most likely, will need care and transport
Green, walking wounded
Black, not breathing or dead 
Incident command
Fixed location known and accessible to all rescuers and resources
First responder awareness level
First responder operations level
Hazardous materials technician
recognition of dangerous situations
patient care in cold zone
- patient care in warm and hot zone
UN number
4 digit ID# given to a chemical
Colors of types of materials
1 - orange
2 - red/green
3 - red
4 - red and white
5 - yellow
- 1 - orange - explosives
- 2 - red/green - gases
- 3 - red - liquids
- 4 - red and white - solids
- 5 - yellow - oxidizers and organic peroxides
6 - white
7 - yellow and white
8 - black and white -
9 - black and white -
- 6 - white - poisonous and etiologic
- 7 - yellow and white - radioactive materials
- 8 - black and white - corrosives
- 9 - black and white - miscellaneous
- Red - flammability
- 0 -
- 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
- 4 -
- Red - flammability
- 0 - will not burn
- 1 - above 200F
- 2 - between 100F and 200F
- 3 - below 100F
- 4 - below 73F
- Blue - health hazard
- 0 -
- 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
- 4 -
- Blue - health hazard
- 0 - Normal material
- 1 - Slightly hazardous
- 2 - hazardous
- 3 - extreme danger
- 4 - deadly
- Yellow - reactivity
- 0 -
- 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
- 4 -
- Yellow - reactivity
- 0 - stable
- 1 - slightly hazardous
- 2 - violent chemical change
- 3 - shock/heat may detonate
- 4 - may detonate
- White - identifies specific hazards
- Acid -
- Alk -
- Cor -
- OXY -
- Nuc sign -
- ~~W~~ -
- White - identifies specific hazards
- Acid - acid
- Alk - alkali
- Cor - corrosive
- OXY - oxidizer
- Nuc sign - radioactive
- ~~W~~ - use no water
Levels of toxicity
- 0 -
- 1 -
- 2 -
- 3 -
- 4 -
Levels of toxicity
- 0 - little to none
- 1 - irritation on contact, mild injury
- 2 - temporary damage but requires prompt treatment
- 3 - extremely hazardous
- 4 - minimal contact will cause death
- Hazmat protection equipment
- Level A
- Level B
- Level C
- Level D
- Hazmat protection equipment
- Level A
- Highest respiratory and splash protection
- Fully encapsulating
- Level B
- Full respiratory protection
- Non-encapsualting, but chemically resistant
- Level C
- Uses an air-purifying respirator
- Nonpermeable suit, boots, and eye and hand protection
- Level D
- Structural Firefighting gear
- Level A
- Local effects -
- Systemic Effects -
- Local effects - affect at site of contamination on body
- Systemic Effects - organ system effects
Pesticides - SLUDGEIPS
- Salivation
- Lacrimation
- urination
- diarrhea
- Gastrointestinal distress
- Emesis
- Involuntary muscle contraction
- Pinpoint pupils
- Seizures
Chemical Asphyxiants and signs
- Include CO and cyanides
- Early cyanide and low exposure
- Giddiness
- Palpitations
- Diziness
- N/V
- Hyperventilation
- Eye irritation
- Pink-red skin
- Middle
- Drowsiness
- Hypoventilation
- Late, high exposure
- Stupor
- LOC
persistent (nonvolatile)
Nonpersistent (volatile)
- persistent (nonvolatile) - agents will remain on a surface before evaporating, for even hours to days
- Nonpersistent (volatile) - agents will remain on a surface before evaporation (short periods)
Contact hazard
Dissemination
Communicability
Incubation
radiologic waste
Contact hazard - give off very little vapor or no vapor and enters the body through the skin
- Dissemination - the means by which a terrorist will spread an agent
- Communicability - how easily the disease is able to spread from one human to another
- Incubation - the period of time between the person becoming exposed to the agent and the appearance of the first symptoms
- radiologic waste - remaining radologic material after it has been used
Types of weapons of mass destruction - BNICE
- B - BIological
- N - Nuclear
- I - Incendiary
- C - Chemical
- E - Explosive
Incendiary devices
- Napalm, white phosphorus, magnesium
- Burn very hot
Vesicants and signs
-
- blister agents
- Thich oily liquids that cause chemical burns to eyes, skin, and lungs through skin contact and vapor hazards
- Sulfur Mustard, Lewisite and phosgene oxime
- Thich oily liquids that cause chemical burns to eyes, skin, and lungs through skin contact and vapor hazards
- Chemical burns with large blisters
- Dysnea, stridor, hemoptosis
- gray discoloration
- Permanent eye injurry
Sulfur mustard
- brownish-yellowish oily substance
- Very persistent
- Mutates and damages cells
- Skin reddens, then blisters develop
Lewisite and phosgene oxime
- produce blister wounds similar to mustard
- immediate intense pain and discomfort upon contact
- Patient may have gray discoloraton
Pulmonary choking and signs
-
choking
- Lung tissue damage following inhalation
- No antidotes for pulmonary agents
- Signs and symptoms
- Dyspnea
- Stridor and coughing, Rales,
- Pulmonary edema
-
Chlorine what it looks like and symptoms
- first chemical agent ever used in warfare
- Produces Upper airway irritation and a choking sensation
- vapor has a green haze
Phosgene
- Product of combustion
- Odor of freshly mown grass
- Very potent agent with a delayed onset of symptoms
nerve agents and list of signs
SLUDGEMBS
Organophosphates
- SLUDGEMBS
- S - Salivation
- L - Lacrimation
- U - Urination
- D - Defacation
- E - Emesis
- M - Miosis
- B - bradycardia
- S - Seizure
management for nerve agent
- ABCs
- Duodote injector
- Atropine
- Pralodoxime Chloride (2-PAM)
Ricin
Botulinum
- Ricin
- Weakness, fever, cough, shock
- 36 hours after inhalation
- Botulinum
- Paralysis, weakness, blurred vision, dyspnea, respiratory failure
- 12-36 hours following ingestion
Metabolic agents - cyanides and signs and management and what it looks like
- Colorless gasses with odor of almonds
- Prevents cells from using oxygen
- Hydrogen cyanide
- Cyanogem chloride
- Signs and symptoms
- Low dose - Dizziness, headache, N/V
- High Dose - ALOC, coma, seizure, cardiac arrest
- Management
- removal from environment, ABC
- Cyanide kit - (ALS)
list of Viruses and signs
- Small pox
- Viral hemorrhagic fevers
- Ebola, marburg, yellow fever
- Causes blood to seep out form tissues and vessels
- Fever and headache
- ALOC
- Vomiting
- Rash
- Pattern of similar structure blisters
- Uncontrolled internal and external bleeding (VHF)
- Ecchymosis (late)
- Bloody SPutum (late)
Bacterias and signs
- Anthrax
- Signs and symptoms
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Dyspnea
- Cough
- Headache
- Plague (bubonic, pneumonic)
- Signs and symptoms
- Swollen, overgrown lymph nodes (bubonic)
- Dyspnea and pulmonary edema (pneumonic)
- Flu-like symptoms leading to sepsis
- Cough
- headache
- Signs and symptoms
list of Radiation
- Alpha Rays
- Least penetrating
- Clothes are effective barrier
- Harmful if ingested
- (1 Electron)
- Beta rays
- Aluminum is an effective barrier
- (1 proton)
- Neutron/Gamma rays/X-rays
- Most penetrating
- Lead and concrete common shield barriers
- Lesser internal hazard
Primary exposure
Fallout
Iodine treatment
- Primary exposure
- Eposure during or immediately following radiation event
- Injuries limited to those in blast area
- patients exposed to excessive radiation are considered victims of acute radiation toxicity
- Effects of radiation exposure vary based on amount and route
- Exposure does not mean contamination or radioactivity, but they must be cared for by Hazmat team first
- properly dispose of PPE and bodily fluids
- Fallout
- Radioactive dust and particles
- 48 hours and immediate vicinity to blast site
- Systemic and delayed effects
- Iodine treatment
- Potassium iodide
- Blocks uptake of radiation by thyroid gland
- Prevents and reduces incidence of thyroid cancer
TCC
Delivery of specialized adjunct tactical emergency medical services to casualties of active shooter and terrorism events by first responders from an established EMS system
Tactical operations
Situational awareness
- Priority is to mitigate threat
- Contact team
- Rescue team
need or ability to have a high level of attentiveness to environment in a dynamic situation to make appropriate decisions
Types of chemical agents
- Vesicants (blister agents)
- Pulmonary agents (choking agents)
- Nerve agents
- Metabolic agents (cyanides)
define dissemination
It means a terrorist will spread a poisoning agent like in water or air
