Exam

Question 1

Health promotion

Answer 1

The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and it’s determinants, and thereby improve their health

Question 2

Seven periods of public health in Australia

Answer 2

Era of indigenous control
Colonial era
Nation building era
Affluence, medicine and infrastructure 
Lifestyle era
New public health era
Global new public health

Question 3

Distal determinants

Answer 3

• Social( political, economic, legislative, education, income, gender, ethnicity)
• Environmental (social and physical)
• Cultural
• Health services

Question 4

Proximal determinants

Answer 4

Individual (genes & behaviour)

Question 5

Health inequality

Answer 5

Designate the measurable differences, variations and disparities in health achievements of individuals and groups.
Can be a result of inequities

Question 6

Health inequity

Answer 6

Inequalities that are deemed to be unfair or stemming from some form of injustice.
Not having equal opportunities to achieve and maintain health

Question 7

The social gradient

Answer 7

The poorest people have the the worst health. The wealthier the healthier.

Question 8

Colonial era

Answer 8

Main theories:
Miasma theory: disease resulted from inhaling bad smells from filth

Germ theory: disease resulted from pathogens

Influenced by communicable diseases eg. Cholera and typhoid

Question 9

Idiologies and policies of colonial era

Answer 9

Focus on environmental conditions for example control of infectious diseases and epidermic’s such as plague and typhoid

protect public health through reduction of overcrowding and provision of clean water, waste disposal, nutrition security and safe living and working conditions

Question 10

Intervention models of colonial era

Answer 10

Legislation

• quarantine acts
• public health acts
• sanitary inspections of houses
• Focus on improving working conditions
• vaccines and immunisations

Question 11

Nation building era

Answer 11

Strengthening the nation through improving the health and fitness of Australia’s whit population

Question 12

Ideologies : nation building era

Answer 12

Citizens duty for health

• eugenics played a key role
• creation of pure race
• sterilisation of people with intellectual disabilities
• Aus first people expected to die out

Question 13

Intervention models nationbuilding era

Answer 13

Public health services for mothers, infants and children

Question 14

Affluence, medicine and infrastructure

Answer 14

Education services expanded social housing introduced improved provisions of health services decreasing infectious diseases clean water and sewage available to nearly all Australians

Question 15

Ideologies affluence med infrastructure

Answer 15

Moved from social to medical approach to public health due to major achievements in clinical medicine this resulted in the belief that medicine have the power to Conquer all disease

Question 16

Lifestyle era

Answer 16

Industrialised countries had contained the environmental threat
Disease p change because of affluence health service budgets expanded
noncommunicable diseases

Question 17

Ideologies lifestyle era

Answer 17

Medicine confirmed as central

disease linked to individual behaviour

Question 18

Determinant of health

Answer 18

A factor or characteristic that brings about a change in health either for the better or the worse

Question 19

Social determinants

Answer 19

Education 
income 
Gender
 ethnicity 
religion
 sexuality 
Occupation

Question 20

Education and health

Answer 20

Knowledge skills income

• Employment closely linked to education level -education correlates highly with health status
• groups least likely to enter education most likely deterred by fees are those with lower income

Question 21

Economics and health

Answer 21

Availability in affordability of food

• housing and roads Services such as water supply sanitation public transport
• health services -hospitals community groups

Question 22

Physical Environment in health

Answer 22

Working environments
Living environments

Bike paths
Parks
Fast food availability 
24hr drinking availability 
Cars capable of unsafe speeds

Question 23

Culture and health

Answer 23

System of values, beliefs and meanings that sets framework for behaviour and understanding
Promotes certain behaviours eg smoking, drinking, diet, parenting
Informs action- visiting doctor

Question 24

Individual determinants of health

Answer 24

Genetics, race, gender

Various influences and interconnected with:
Human behaviours
Environments

Question 25

Health services determinants

Answer 25

• lack of availability to medical services
• inappropriate health services
• focus on curative rather than preventative
• high cost
• lack of insurance coverage
• limited language access

Question 26

Healthy public policy

Answer 26

Aims to create supportive environments to enable people to lead healthy lives and the building of policies particularly in non-health sectors, to support health
They should be ecological in perspective, multisectoral in scope and participatory in strategy

Question 27

Health belief model

Answer 27

Only take action if

• They perceive themselves to be susceptible to acondition of problem
• they believe that it will have potentially serious consequences
• action is available I will reduce their susceptibility
• they believe that the benefits of taking action will outweigh the cost barriers

Question 28

Setting approach to health

Answer 28

The place of social context in which people engage in daily activities in which environmental organisational and personal factors interact to affect health and well-being