Exam Flashcards
Health promotion
The process of enabling people to increase control over their health and it’s determinants, and thereby improve their health
Seven periods of public health in Australia
Era of indigenous control Colonial era Nation building era Affluence, medicine and infrastructure Lifestyle era New public health era Global new public health
Distal determinants
- Social( political, economic, legislative, education, income, gender, ethnicity)
- Environmental (social and physical)
- Cultural
- Health services
Proximal determinants
Individual (genes & behaviour)
Health inequality
Designate the measurable differences, variations and disparities in health achievements of individuals and groups.
Can be a result of inequities
Health inequity
Inequalities that are deemed to be unfair or stemming from some form of injustice.
Not having equal opportunities to achieve and maintain health
The social gradient
The poorest people have the the worst health. The wealthier the healthier.
Colonial era
Main theories:
Miasma theory: disease resulted from inhaling bad smells from filth
Germ theory: disease resulted from pathogens
Influenced by communicable diseases eg. Cholera and typhoid
Idiologies and policies of colonial era
Focus on environmental conditions for example control of infectious diseases and epidermic’s such as plague and typhoid
protect public health through reduction of overcrowding and provision of clean water, waste disposal, nutrition security and safe living and working conditions
Intervention models of colonial era
Legislation
- quarantine acts
- public health acts
- sanitary inspections of houses
- Focus on improving working conditions
- vaccines and immunisations
Nation building era
Strengthening the nation through improving the health and fitness of Australia’s whit population
Ideologies : nation building era
Citizens duty for health
- eugenics played a key role
- creation of pure race
- sterilisation of people with intellectual disabilities
- Aus first people expected to die out
Intervention models nationbuilding era
Public health services for mothers, infants and children
Affluence, medicine and infrastructure
Education services expanded social housing introduced improved provisions of health services decreasing infectious diseases clean water and sewage available to nearly all Australians
Ideologies affluence med infrastructure
Moved from social to medical approach to public health due to major achievements in clinical medicine this resulted in the belief that medicine have the power to Conquer all disease
Lifestyle era
Industrialised countries had contained the environmental threat
Disease p change because of affluence health service budgets expanded
noncommunicable diseases
Ideologies lifestyle era
Medicine confirmed as central
disease linked to individual behaviour
Determinant of health
A factor or characteristic that brings about a change in health either for the better or the worse
Social determinants
Education income Gender ethnicity religion sexuality Occupation
Education and health
Knowledge skills income
- Employment closely linked to education level -education correlates highly with health status
- groups least likely to enter education most likely deterred by fees are those with lower income
Economics and health
Availability in affordability of food
- housing and roads Services such as water supply sanitation public transport
- health services -hospitals community groups
Physical Environment in health
Working environments
Living environments
Bike paths Parks Fast food availability 24hr drinking availability Cars capable of unsafe speeds
Culture and health
System of values, beliefs and meanings that sets framework for behaviour and understanding
Promotes certain behaviours eg smoking, drinking, diet, parenting
Informs action- visiting doctor
Individual determinants of health
Genetics, race, gender
Various influences and interconnected with:
Human behaviours
Environments
Health services determinants
- lack of availability to medical services
- inappropriate health services
- focus on curative rather than preventative
- high cost
- lack of insurance coverage
- limited language access
Healthy public policy
Aims to create supportive environments to enable people to lead healthy lives and the building of policies particularly in non-health sectors, to support health
They should be ecological in perspective, multisectoral in scope and participatory in strategy
Health belief model
Only take action if
- They perceive themselves to be susceptible to acondition of problem
- they believe that it will have potentially serious consequences
- action is available I will reduce their susceptibility
- they believe that the benefits of taking action will outweigh the cost barriers
Setting approach to health
The place of social context in which people engage in daily activities in which environmental organisational and personal factors interact to affect health and well-being
