Exam Flashcards
1
Q
Myths
A
Stories with a religious content; they explained our relationship to forces beyond our control
2
Q
Homer
A
- the Iliad and Odyssey
3
Q
Hesiod
A
Theogony
4
Q
Who were the Titans:
A
- pre gods, offspring of Gaia (earth) and Uranus (sky)
5
Q
Greek Gods
A
- primal, self created Gods
- they did not create humankind
- did not produce canonical texts like the Bible
- did not forbid or punish the pursuit of knowledge
- they influenced human action by sending messages via oracles, dreams, and prophets
6
Q
Ancient Greece and its Early Diasporas
A
- starting around 750 BCE Greek peoples travelled across Mediterranean and black seas
- at first established temporary settlement or homes away from homes
- later in accord or competitions ith other people they established permanent settlements or colonies in the hundreds
- travelled to secure materials, slaves, and land
- merchants: barley, wine, oil, ..
- borrowed alphabet from Phoenicians, math from Babylonians, and coinage for lydians
7
Q
Knossos: Minoan and Palatial
A
- foundation myth
- minis likely an snack
- palaces and Palatial periods
- agrarian societies run like fiefdom
- Kythira and Akrotir
- seafarers and great sailors
- Mycenaean presence before Mycenaean conquest
- end of Knossos: Mycenaean and tsunami
8
Q
Miletus
A
- founding myth: Nereus killed all local carina males in order to marry and breed their widows, refused to speak their husbands names or share meals with them
- found many settlements up and down Ionia: eastern Aegean all the way up Black Sea
- bought grains, fish, slaves and sold oil and pottery
- political tyranny
- fell to Persians
- 500 BCE Ionian revolt; Persian empire destroyed Miletus; rebuilt afterwards
9
Q
Miletus people
A
- Aspasia, partner to Periklis and later Lycicles, both Athenian politicians
- Thales: mini- leonard
- Anaximander: natural philosopher
- Anaximenes: natural philosopher
- Hoppodamus: created if the grid plan used in city planning
10
Q
Massalia “settlement”
A
- Greek colony in south if today’s France
- governed by benevolent, self regulatory aristocracy took advantage of physical setting
- two foundation myths: one sunny involving marriage and one dark involving spartan incasuob
- became gateway to the rest of Western Europe for wine and viticulture
11
Q
Syracuse
A
- part of the “golden” west
- regions of unusual wealth, fertility, and prosperity
- foundation myth: the rives Alpheios fancied water nymph, she did not like his advanced and fled to Syracuse, creating flow of non salt water followed by first settlers
- first settler fame from Corinth (well organized and wealthy pjs)
- many others settled from Africa and Spain
- brothers; Gela, Gelon and Horton played important role in history
- politically Syracuse and Sthens went opposite directions: Syracuse more democratic
- late in 5th century Dionysius installed monarchical regime
12
Q
Alexandria
A
Alexander III (the Great) son of Phillip of Macedonia and Olympiad
- Olympias most likely had role in Phillips assaination gaurantee her sons right to empire
- became champion of Hellenism shading Persian empire; destruction Thebes
- became capital of sciences and arts
13
Q
Hellenic
A
Greek
14
Q
Hellenistic
A
Greek in culture and administration with a strong native influence
15
Q
Greek origins
A
- first culture are Mycenaeans, centred at Mycenae in the Argolid
- Greek language script is Linear B
- flourished from about 1600-1050 BCE
- after collapse of Mycenae the “Dark Age”
16
Q
Greco- Roman?
A
- 8th century BCE Rome founded and Greeks began to establish colonies in Italy
- reference history of Greece and Rome
- but Greek refers to those who spoke Greek whereas Roman refers to those who lived in the Roman Empire
17
Q
Who were the Greeks?
A
- Greeks themselves traced their ancestry to mythical figure called Hellen, patriarch if the Hellenic race
- divided themselves into Ionians and Dorians
- Greek identity began to take shape as political idea around Persian invasion, 480s BCE
- Mycenaeans defendants if Indo- European migrants
- dominated culture around 15th century BCE
- after dark ages writing not reintroduced until 8th century, makes reference to Mycenaeans cities and hence indicates cultural continuity
18
Q
City state
A
- in dark ages most life spent farming villages
- began to evolve, built into marketplace, Central netting place, some sort of constitution, led to the polis
- at one point 1500 city states
19
Q
Polis
A
- Poleu agricultural communities, as they grew so did need for farm land
- colonization ensued
20
Q
Athens
A
- know must because records and writing
- firsts ettled at least 7000-5000 BCE in area of Acropolis and Agora
- Athens Mycenaean city
- became trading centre thorough its port at Piraeus
- originally controlled by wealth aristocrats
- poor land wonders became indebted to wealthy
- ## Draco rewrote laws but were seen as too hardSolon rewrote and laid foundations of democracy
- Hippias (son of Solon) instituted reign of terror, overthrow in government
- Clesthenes appointed reform government and law provided foundation for secondary (participatory democracy for males)
- under Pericles Athens entered golden age
21
Q
Athenians defeated Persians in
A
A) battle of marathon
B) battle of Salamis
C) battle of Platea
22
Q
Peloponnesian War
A
- not just a war between Athens and Sparta, war involved all of Greece
- not a continuous war rather a long series of skirmishes, attacks and invasions
- even after war Athens recovered somewhat and regained some influence until defeat by Macedonian forces of Phillip II
- turn defeated by Eomans
- consequence of Peloponnesian war is the plague
23
Q
Egypt is divided up:
A
East and west by Nile river , meant no invasions
24
Q
Egyptian Medicine
A
- Graeco- Roman medicine is origin of clinical practice (known because of Hippocrates school and Galen)
- knowledge of Egyptian scripts was lost to us until 1822.
- monuments, Lois language and historical isolation means we treat Egyptian medicine as something strange
- papyrus
25
Q
Edwin Smith Papyrus
A
- unique, no duplication in other texts
- has elements of examination, diagnosis, and prognosis
- collection of texts run together in no particular order
- various unidentifiable diseases as well as known diseases and disorders
- includes a surgical case
26
Q
Jouanna
A
- noted the presence of a manuscript in the Galenic tradition
- written by Greeksoctor living in Egypt
- noted that modern scholars have noted all along, the embalming techniques gave Egyptians a unique understanding of the body
- reinsertion of Egyptian medicine into the history of medicine in antiquity itsel
- noted the complexity of the problem
27
Q
Origins of “psyche” in Ancient Egypt
A
- preoccupation with nature and attributes of “soul”
- illness, death/ dr and
28
Q
Ancient Egypt burial practices
A
- allow for particular kinds of rituals (embalming) & observations of the dead
- old kingdom: concepts from ‘book of the dead’ to bring dead back to life in western world
- Ren = whole person
29
Q
Persons soul or essence is made up of several processes that break up at death
A
Yb: heart as centr of process
Ka: double or spiritual double
Akh: spiritualized person in western world
BA: communicates between ankh and dead person
