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416 test > Exam > Flashcards

Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Essential requirements of handover (6)

A
  • seating of Px, getting Px to look at frames etc before getting a dispenser
  • addressing the Px in the correct manner
  • introduction of colleagues
  • clarification of requirements e.g. any info about budget considerations
  • clear communication
  • farewell your patient and thank them for their time
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2
Q

When should a frame be adjusted to standard alignment? (4)

A
  • after manufacture of the frame
  • after the frames have been on display for some time
  • after glazing (unless already adjusted to Pxs face)
  • When Px’s frame has been bent out of shape
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3
Q

Process of standard alignment (9)

A

Check:

  1. contour of the frame front
  2. that the lenses are in the same plane
  3. angles of the temples
  4. that the temples are in the same plane
  5. bend of the temples
  6. conformity on a flat surface
  7. folding evenness
  8. joint screws
  9. overall alignment
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4
Q

Define temple length

A

distance from where the screw intersects the horizontal axis of the temple to the tip of the temple

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5
Q

Define length to bend

A

the distance between where the screw intersects the horizontal axis of the temple to the centre of the bend

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6
Q

Define temple width

A

the distance between the inside of the temples at the base of the fitting triangle

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7
Q

Define pantoscopic tilt

A

the angle formed by the temples and the frame front when the bottom front edge of the frame is brought towards the cheeks

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8
Q

Define let-back

A

the angle between the temples and the frame front

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9
Q

Define frontal angle

A

the angle formed by a line parallel to the rim of the frame where it rests on the nose and the perpendicular line dividing the nose in two viewed from directly in front

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10
Q

Define splay

A

the angle formed by a line parallel to the rim of the frame where it rests on the nose and the perpendicular line dividing the nose in two, viewed from above

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11
Q

Define crest

A

the surface at the apex of the bridge which sits on top of the nose

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12
Q

Define crest angle

A

the angle formed by a line parallel to the inside surface of the apex of the bridge where it rests on the nose and a line running parallel to the front of the face

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13
Q

Define crest height

A

the distance from the horizontal centre line to the crest of the frame

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14
Q

Why should let-back have an equal angle on both sides?

A

so that the lenses will sit the same distance from each eye when the frame is fitted

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15
Q

Why should temple fold angles be the same and closely parallel? (2)

A
  1. so that the frame can easily fit into a glasses case

2. if the frame has a deep shape the side that doesn’t hang down may rub the inside surface of the lens - scratching it

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16
Q

Why should you burr the dimple end of the screws? (3)

A
  1. stop the temples from becoming lose
  2. stop the screw from falling out
  3. prevent the frame from falling apart
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17
Q

define effective diameter

A

distance between the geometric centre of the lens shape and the furthest point on the lens edge multiplied by two

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18
Q

Characteristics of a good kids frame (5)

A
  1. larger crest - childs nose is flatter and bridge not properly developed
  2. larger frontal angle - childs nose is flatter and has less projection at the bridge
  3. larger splay - flat nose shape and lack of projection
  4. flatter panto - lack of projection from the face and relative projection of the cheeks
  5. ability to shorten temples - childs head is much smaller
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19
Q

How do you apply the centre of rotation rule?

A
  1. adjust frame to final fitting
  2. mark up lenses with appropriate measurements
  3. have Px tilt their head back until pantoscopic tilt is neutralised and lenses are at 90 degrees to the floor
  4. get Px to look at a target at the same height as their eyes
  5. Note where the pupils were positioned relative to the markings
  6. this will drop the optical centre position to the correct fitting height = 1mm for every 2 degrees of pantoscopic tilt
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20
Q

Name all the lenses that are occupationals with degressive design

A

Zeiss office
Essilor interview
Nikon Web
Hoya lecture

21
Q

name the occupational lenses with add or positive shift design

A

essilor digitime
shamir computer
hoya workspace

22
Q

with occupational lenses with degressive design - which IPD is measured

A

near

23
Q

with occupational lenses with add or positive shift design - which IPD is measured

A

distance

24
Q

Name the occupational lenses with a progressive design (mini progs/indoor lenses)

A

Hoya ID workstyle
Hoya desk
Nikon Presio Home and Office
Shamir smart office

25
Q

How do you verify the distance power of occupationals and mini-progs?

A

subtract the add from the reading prescription

26
Q 
What extra measurements are required for: (5)
Varilux physio f360
Varilux S Series
ID MyStyle
Shamir Autograph III
A
  1. pantoscopic tilt
  2. back vertex distance
  3. frame wrap
  4. dominant eye
  5. reading working distance
27
Q

Visual field requirement for driving?

A

minimum binocular field of 140 degrees and no significant field defect within 20 degrees of fixation

28
Q

Class 1 or 6 and/or D, T, F, R, W and DIPLOPIA?

A

should not drive until the condition has been assessed and satisfactorily treated

29
Q

Class 1 or 6 and/or D, T, F, R, W and MONOCULAR VISION?

A
  • NZTA will probably impose a licence condition that any vehicle the individual drives should be fitted with external rear view mirrors on both sides - we should recommend this condition
  • recommend thorough eye examination of better eye for any pathology
  • generally no restrictions once adaptation achieved
30
Q

Class 1 or 6 and/or D, T, F, R, W and CATARACTS/APHAKIA

A

driving restrictions may be necessary if difficulties with glare intolerance or vision occur e.g. daytime driving only

31
Q

Class 1 or 6 and/or D, T, F, R, W and DISABILITY GLARE

A

practitioners should take appropriate action e.g. recommending condition of daytime driving only

32
Q

Class 1 or 6 and/or D, T, F, R, W and NIGHT BLINDESS

A

a licence may be issued subject to only driving within daylight hours

33
Q

What are the requirements from NZTA for testing VA

A
  • each eye separately and together
  • smallest line read with no more than one error gives VA
  • should be tested with (i) Standard snellen wall chart or projector and screen. Chart needs to be minimum 500 lux at the surface and at eye height. Chart should be viewed from 6m (ii) or an equivalent test approved by NZTA
34
Q

Class 2, 3, 4, 5 and/or V, I, P, O endorsement and MONOCULAR VISION

A

generally considered unfit to drive. However NZTA may grant licences in exceptional circumstances
- an eye examination including the better eye for pathology should be undertaken

35
Q

Class 2, 3, 4, 5 and/or V, I, P, O endorsement and DIPLOPIA

A

generally considered unfit to drive. In exceptional circumstances NZTA may consider granting a licence if the application is supported by an optometrist or ophthal report

36
Q

Class 2, 3, 4, 5 and/or V, I, P, O endorsement and CATARACTS/APHAKIA

A

driving restrictions may be necessary if difficulties with glare intolerance or vision occur e.g. daytime driving only

37
Q

Class 2, 3, 4, 5 and/or V, I, P, O endorsement and NIGHT BLINDNESS

A

a licence is unlikely to be granted. In exceptional circumstances NZTA may consider granting a licence if the application is supported by an optom or ophthal report

38
Q

Class 2, 3, 4, 5 and/or V, I, P, O endorsement and DISABILITY GLARE

A

practitioners should take appropriate action e.g. recommending condition of daytime driving only

39
Q

Class 2, 3, 4, 5 and/or V, I, P, O endorsement and colour blindess

A

usually no driving restrictions. However, individuals should be warned of the potential hazards

40
Q

What are the 5 ODOB standards of cultural competency?

A
  1. demonstrates safe cultural practice
  2. adapts own practice and values to positively impact on patients cultural safety
  3. continues professional development in terms of cultural competency
  4. continues to build on cultural competence in a broad sense for improved health outcomes for all New Zealanders
  5. demonstrates the ability to apply the principles of the ToW
41
Q

Define ergonomics

A

the scientific discipline concerned with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system and the profession that applies, theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimise human well-being and overall system performance

42
Q

What are the purposes of vision screening (3)

A
  1. early detection of vision problems
  2. to aid in health promotion and education programmes
  3. to select personnel for a particular visual performance attribute
43
Q

What are the differences between vision screening and a clinical vision examination?

A
  • a professional visual examination is designed to investigate fully the vision of an individual using a large battery of tests and equipment available
  • a vision screening program is designed to give information rapidly and economically on a large population. Tests are conducted on an “as is” basis regardless of whether symptoms are present or not
  • Mx is individual and tailored to symptoms and signs for CEE whereas for vision screening Mx is either referral or non-referral
44
Q

What are the vision screening protocols (6)

A
  1. acuity testing alone
  2. acuity testing and limited additional tests
  3. modified clinical technique (MCT) - tests chosen from a normal visual exam based on screening situation
  4. variations on the MCT
  5. instrument screeners e.g. Brewster stereoscope
  6. eye health screening
45
Q

For convergence insufficiency comment on the deviation, AC/A ratio, NPC, BI/BO, NRA/PRA, facility, MEM

A
  • high exo at near
  • low AC/A
  • low NPC
  • low BO (PFV)
  • low NRA
  • fails to clear plus
  • low lead
46
Q

For divergence insufficiency comment on the deviation, AC/A, BI/BO

A
  • high eso at distance
  • low AC/A
  • low BI at distance (NFV)
47
Q

For convergence excess comment on the deviation, AC/A, BI/BO, NRA/PRA, facility, MEM

A
  • high eso at near
  • high AC/A
  • low BI (NFV)
  • fails to clear minus
  • lag
48
Q

For divergence excess comment on the deviation, AC/A, BI/BO

A
  • high exo at distance
  • AC/A high
  • low BO at distance
  • low BI at near
49
Q

How can you test associative disparities?

A

Mallet unit (dist and near)

416 test (3 decks)

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