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1
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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2
Q

What does ATP do?

A

It releases energy for movement when the muscles contract when exercising

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3
Q

What is the ATP breakdown?

A

One adenosine and three phosphate

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4
Q

What is ADP?

A

Adenosine Diphosphate

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5
Q

What are the 3 energy systems?

A

Aerobic, anaerobic glycolysis, ATP-PC

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6
Q

What are the main food fuels?

A

Fats, proteins, phosphate creatine and carbohydrates

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7
Q

Yield amount of aerobic lipolysis

A

441 ATP per glucose molecule

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8
Q

Yield amount aerobic system

A

38 ATP per glucose molecule

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9
Q

Yield amount anaerobic glycolysis

A

2-3 ATP per glucose molecule

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10
Q

Yield amount ATP-PC

A

1-2 per tract

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11
Q

Primary energy source(fuels) ATP-PC

A

Phosphate creatine

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12
Q

Primary energy source(fuels) anaerobic glycolysis

A

Glycogen and blood glucose

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13
Q

Primary energy source(fuels) aerobic system

A

Glycogen, carbohydrates, fats and proteins

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14
Q

Which of the systems have the fastest rate of ATP production?

A

ATP-PC

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15
Q

Which system has the slowest rate of ATP production?

A

Aerobic system

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16
Q

What is the duration of the anaerobic system

A

10-75 seconds

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17
Q

Duration for ATP-PC

A

Up to 10 seconds

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18
Q

Duration of aerobic system

A

75 seconds and over

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19
Q

What is interplay?

A

All systems are in play all the time, it’s the level of contribution that each system makes depending on the duration and intensity of the activity

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20
Q

By products of aerobic

A

Glucose

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21
Q

By products of anaerobic

A

Lactic acid built up and hydrogen ions

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22
Q

By products of ATP-PC

A

High energy phosphates

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23
Q

Where are carbs stored in the blood

A

Glucose

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24
Q

Where are carbs stored in the muscles

A

Glycogen

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25
Q

Where are excess carbs stored

A

Liver adipose tissue

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26
Q

Where are fats stored in the blood

A

Fatty acids

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27
Q

Fats stored in the muscle?

A

Triglycerides

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28
Q

Excess fats stored

A

Adipose tissue

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29
Q

Protein in blood stored

A

Amino acids

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30
Q

Protein stored in muscle

A

Amino acids

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31
Q

Excess Protein stored

A

Adipose tissue

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32
Q

What is GI

A

Glycaemic index

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33
Q

What does Pi mean

A

Inorganic phosphate

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34
Q

Which is the preferred food source during exercise

A

Carbohydrates as they require the body to use less oxygen to produce ATP

35
Q

How does ADP become ATP again

A

The food fuels push the phosphate back to create ATP again to make another contraction.

36
Q

When are fats preferred fuel source

A

Fats are preferred during exercise as well as long amounts of exercise like 3+ hours

37
Q

What is proteins role

A

To repair the tissue and the growth of tissue. Only used as a fuel source for long duration exercise

38
Q

Which energy systems use oxygen

A

Aerobic system

39
Q

Which energy systems don’t use oxygen

A

ATP-PC and anaerobic glycolysis systems

40
Q

Sporting examples of ATP-PC

A

Weight lifting, 100m run, high jump

41
Q

Sporting examples of anaerobic glycolysis

A

400m run, 200m swim and repeated efforts

42
Q

Sporting examples of aerobic

A

Marathons, afl midfielders, triathlons, rowing 2000m

43
Q

What are the types of training to improve energy systems?

A

Speed, long interval, medium interval, short interval, continuous, fartlek, circuit, resistance and plyometric

44
Q

How can CHO be measured?

A

By the GI
Low GI- 55 or less
Medium GI- 56-69
High GI- 70 or more

45
Q

What makes an elite athlete?

A

Genetics, fitness, determination, dietary etc

46
Q

What are the 6 skill components

A 
Muscular power
Speed
Agility
Coordination
Reaction time
Balance
47
Q

What are the 6 health components

A 
Muscular endurance
Aerobic capacity
Anaerobic capacity
Flexibility
Body composition
Muscular strength
48
Q

Aerobic capacity define, example and test

A

Ability of the heart, blood vessels and respiratory systems to supply nutrients and oxygenated blood to the muscles.
Marathons, cross country skiing
20m shuttle run, coopers 12 min run

49
Q

Body composition define, example, tests

A

Proportion of bone, muscle and fat in an athlete.
BMI, skinfolds, somatotyping
BMI, skinfolds.

50
Q

Muscular strength define, example, tests

A

The force or tensions muscle or muscle group can exert against a resistance in one contraction
Weightlifting, rugby and tackling

51
Q

Muscular endurance define, example, tests

A

Ability of a muscle or common foul of muscle to continue sustained contractions in fatigue.
Last push in a 60 sec test
Timed sit-ups and push-ups.

52
Q

Flexibility define, example, tests

A

Capacity of a joint to move through its full range of motion and the muscles to stretch.
Splits, dancing
Sit and reach test

53
Q

Anaerobic capacity define, example, tests

A

Ability of the body to produce energy without oxygen
All athletic field events
Phosphate recovery test

54
Q

Muscular power define, example, tests

A

Ability to exert s maximal contraction in one effort
Field events
Vertical jump test, basketball throw

55
Q

Speed define, example, tests

A

How fast your body can move from one point to another.
Long jump run, speed skating
35 metre sprint, 50 metre sprint

56
Q

Agility define, examples, tests

A

Ability to change body positions or directions accurately while maintaining balance.
Netball or football
SEMO agility test, Illinois agility tests

57
Q

Coordination define, example, test

A

Ability to use the body’s senses to execute the motor skills smooth and accurate.
Tennis serve, soccer
Alternate hand wall toss

58
Q

Reaction time define, examples, tests

A

Time from the presentation of a stimulus to the onset of a response
Wicket keeper
Ruler drop

59
Q

Balance define, example, tests

A

Ability to maintain equilibrium while stationary or moving

Held position on a beam or parallel bars

60
Q

What is the phosphate that break off ATP called?

A

An inorganic phosphate (Pi)

61
Q

How does the inorganic phosphate rebuild onto ATP again

A

By food fuels

62
Q

What are the food fuels that resynthesises ATP?

A

Fats
Carbs
Protein
PC- phosphate creatine

63
Q

What is GI

A

Glycemic Index

64
Q

How is GI measured

A

Is a relative ranking of carbs in food according to how they affect blood glucose levels

65
Q

What is the difference between high gi and low Gi foods

A

High GI are rapidly digested and absorbed whereas low GI foods are digested more slowly and provide long lasting energy

66
Q

Where are carbs found in blood

A

Glucose

67
Q

Where are carbs found in the muscle

A

Glycogen

68
Q

Where are carbs found in excess

A

Liver adipose tissue

69
Q

Where are fats found in blood

A

Fatty acids

70
Q

Where are fats found in the muscle

A

Triglycerides

71
Q

Where are fats in excess

A

Adipose tissue

72
Q

Where is protein found in blood

A

Amino acids

73
Q

Where is protein found in muscle

A

Amino acids

74
Q

Where is protein found in excess

A

Adipose tissue

75
Q

What food source is preferred during exercise

A

Carbohydrates as they required less oxygen to produce ATP

76
Q

What is the preferred food source during rest

A

Fats as they have the ability to produce more ATP then carbs but the oxygen makes them less sufficient

77
Q

What is proteins role

A

Is to maintain growth and repair of tissue and muscle. Only used a food source in long duration exercise

78
Q

What are the 9 types of training

A 
Speed training 
Long interval
Medium interval
Short interval
Continuous
Fartlek 
Resistance
Circuit
Plyometric
79
Q

What is fatigue

A

The inability to sustain a required exercise intensity. Body is unable to function at optimal.

80
Q

What causes muscular fatigue?

A

Fuel depletion
Accumulation of metabolic byproducts
Increase in body temp; dehydration

81
Q

What is the aim of recovery

A

To enhance the restoration of the performer to pre-exercise levels ASAP

82
Q

Why do we recover?

A

It allows the athlete to perform at the highest level possible, provides competitive edge, reduces pain

83
Q

What does recovery assist with

A 
Repair of muscle fibres 
Rebuilding and strengthening 
Replenishing ATP and PC stores
Breakdown lactic acids
Replenishi food stores
Rehydration
84
Q

What are the recovery techniques

A

Active
Passive
Water therapy

Sport Exercise Science (1 decks)

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