Exam \ Flashcards
What are the 10 compositional techniques
rule of odds rule of thirds rule of space worms eye birds eye dutch angle symmetrical balance leading lines point of power framing
what is rule of odds
groups of 3,5,etc… frame subject with even number of elements
what is rule of thirds
subject is along one of the lines, horizontally or vertically
what is rule of space
leave some negative space for your subject to look, walk, run into
what is worms eye view
pic taken from below looking up– this can make the subject look powerful or threatening
what is birds eye view
pic from above looking down– this can make the subject look weak or fragile
what is dutch angle
pic taken on an angle– gives a feeling of tension or uneasiness; out of balance/unrest
what is symmetrical balance
equal distribution on either side
what is leading lines
interesting lines leading to the subject
what is point o fpower
intersecting lines from the rule of thirds
what is framing your subject
your subject needs to be “framed”… window or doorway or tree, etc.. draws attention to the subjects
what are the elements of design
line, shop/form, space, texture, value colour
what are the principles of design
dominance, balance, contrast, movement/rhythm, pattern/repetition, unity
what is aperture
your aperture opens up and lets more light into the camera sensor
what do the aperture numbers mean
f1.5 is big and has a very shallow depth of field, f16 is very small and has a very large depth of field
what is a contact sheet
a sheet made that has all the pictures you have taken displayed on it
what is cropping
reducing the size of an image to get rid of edges that are unwanted
what is a digital image
electronic snapshots taken of a scene or scanned from documents, such as photographs, manuscripts, printed texts, and artwork. The digital image is sampled and mapped as a grid of dots or picture elements (pixels)
what is exposure
exposure is the amount of light reaching a photographic film or electronic image sensor,
how do you adjust exposure
determined by shutter speed, lens aperture and scene luminance
what is a JPEG
a format for compressing image files
what is RAW
A camera raw image file contains minimally processed data from the image sensor of either a digital camera, image scanner, or motion picture film scanner. Raw files are named so because they are not yet processed and therefore are not ready to be printed or edited
what are pixles
a minute area of illumination on a display screen, one of many from which an image is composed.
what is natural lighting
lighting that comes from the sun and not artificial lighting
what is overexposure
overexposure is a term used to describe the process of exposing film to too much light, which results in the photograph being too bright. In digital photography, where there is no film, overexposure refers to a white-looking or washed-out image (overexposed image)
what is resolution
Digital cameras are identified based on their resolution, which is measured in megapixels. This term is simply a measure of how many millions of pixels the camera’s image sensor captures to produce the digital image. The more megapixels a camera captures, the more information it gathers
what is focus
when the subject is clear and not blurry
what is bokeh
aesthetic quality of the blur produced in the out-of-focus parts of an image produced by a lens. Bokeh has been defined as “the way the lens renders out-of-focus points of light”
what is noise
commonly-used term to describe visual distortion. It looks similar to grain found in film photographs, but can also look like splotches of discoloration when it’s really bad, and can ruin a photograph. Noise tends get worse when you’re shooting in low light.
how can noise be reduced
adjust ISO
what is the exposure triangle
three fundamental elements of exposure: aperture, shutter speed and ISO.
what are f-stops
The f-number of an optical system such as a camera lens is the ratio of the system’s focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil. It is a dimensionless number that is a quantitative measure of lens speed, and an important concept in photography. It is also known as the focal ratio, f-ratio, or f-stop. (aperture)
what are the parts of a camera????????????
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what is viewpoint
where the picture is being taken from
what is warm/cool
when a picture looks too warm, it means it looks to yellow/orange
when a pic looks too cool, it is too clue/purple
what is ISO
measures the sensitivity of the image sensor. The same principles apply as in film photography – the lower the number the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain. Higher ISO settings are generally used in darker situations to get faster shutter speeds
what is clarity
Emphasizing texture. The Clarity slider in the Basic panel is a global adjustment – meaning that, moving this slider affects the entire image. A small but subtle boost to Clarity can lift just about any image
what is contrast
Contrast is a tool that photographers use to direct viewers’ attention to their subject. There are two types: Tonal Contrast and Color Contrast. TC refers to the difference in tones from the lightest tone to the darkest tone, in other words, the difference in tones from white to gray to black
what are the types of lenses
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what is proximity
Principles of Design: Proximity. … Proximity in design simply means that objects near each other are seen as a unit. It really is that simple and it’s something you see every day.
what is mode dial
A mode dial or camera dial is a dial used on digital cameras to change the camera’s mode. Most digital cameras, including dSLR and SLR-like cameras, support modes, selectable either by a dial or from a menu. (top of the camera)
what is LCD panel
LCD, or Liquid Crystal Display, is the display technology used to create the screens embedded in the back of nearly all digital cameras. In a digital camera, the LCD works for reviewing photos, displaying menu options, and serving as a live viewfinder
what is a lens
A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically
what is focus ring
This is a ring on the lens body, which moves the lens elements inside the lens. By adjusting the position of the glass elements, the image produced by the lens can be brought into clear focus
what is shutter button
In photography, the shutter-release button (sometimes just shutter release or shutter button) is a push-button found on many cameras, used to take a picture. … The shutter-release button is one of the most basic features of a handheld camera.
what is memory cards (SD, CF)
Compact Flash (CF) or a Secure Digital (SD) cards to store your images. CompactFlash is a much larger card than Secure Digital, so the smaller camera form factor forces CF out (in favour of SD and the rest) earlier. … They offer the same storage and speed capacities, but CF cards are said to be more durable, and less flimsier than the smaller SD cards
what is background
the back of a picture behind the subject
what is shutter speed
Shutter Speed. … The faster the shutter speed, the shorter the time the image sensor is exposed to light; the slower the shutter speed, the longer the time the image sensor is exposed to light. If you are photographing a subject that is in motion, you will get different effects at different shutter speeds
what is white balance
White balance (WB) is the process of removing unrealistic color casts, so that objects which appear white in person are rendered white in your photo. Proper camera white balance has to take into account the “color temperature” of a light source, which refers to the relative warmth or coolness of white light.
what is sensor
An image sensor is a solid-state device, the part of the camera’s hardware that captures light and converts what you see through a viewfinder or LCD monitor into an image.
what is depth of field
In optics, particularly as it relates to film and photography, depth of field (DOF), also called focus range or effective focus range, is the distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image
what is viewfinder
In photography, a viewfinder is what the photographer looks through to compose, and, in many cases, to focus the picture. Most viewfinders are separate, and suffer parallax, while the single-lens reflex camera lets the viewfinder use the main optical system.
what is saturation
In graphics and imaging, color saturation is used to describe the intensity of color in the image. A saturated image has overly bright colors. Using a graphics editing programyou can increase saturation on under-exposed images, or vise versa.
what is hue
Hue & Saturation Settings. Hue: Hue is the aspect of color which is described as “red” or “yellow” etc. It is one of the three main attributes of perceived color. The other two are saturation and brightness. Saturation: purity or strength of color, due to the absence of black, white or gray
what is composition
Composition, the act of composing the image in the viewfinder, is a visual process of organizing the elements and individual details of a scene into a balanced and pleasing arrangement
what is motion blur
Motion blur is the apparent streaking of rapidly moving objects in a still image or a sequence of images such as a movie or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, either due to rapid movement or long exposure
what is time-lapse
Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much lower than that used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster and thus lapsing
what is masking
If you can relate the word masking with the mask, it may make some sense. Why do we use a mask, to cover the face, right? So why would we use masking on a layer, to cover or uncover the content of any layer. With a mask you can control the transparency of a layer. But that is what opacity and fill is for, right? Yes, opacity and fill do control the transparency, but it works for whole layer. What if you would like to have only the right part to be transparent and the left part to be completely visible? That’s when masking comes into play.
what is adjustment layers
The Adjustment Layers in Photoshop are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels. With the adjustment layers, you can edit and discard your adjustments or restore your original image at any time
what is brushes
The Brush tool is a basic painting tool. It works like a traditional drawing tool by applying the color using strokes. It’s located in the standard Tool Bar and its default shortcut is the letter B. … Photoshop includes several built-in presets, that are in fact pre-made brushes ready to use
what is opacity
refers to the opaqueness of an object. In computing, opacity is often used in graphics software to define how “nontransparent” an image is. In other words, the more transparent an image or image layer is, the lower its opacity
what is ACR– Adobe Camera Raw
a pre-photoshop application that allows for basic editing
what is panning
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what is double exposure
combination of two or more exposures to create a single image
what are the types of lighting
split, Rembrandt, butterfly, loop, broad, short
what is split lighting
Split lighting is a technique that produces a sense of drama to a portrait. This form of lighting is when half of the subject’s face is lit, while the other half is left dark. The light is evenly divided over the subject
what is Rembrandt lighting
Rembrandt lighting is a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography. It can be achieved using one light and a reflector, or two lights, and is popular because it is capable of producing images which appear both natural and compelling with a minimum of equipment
what is butterfly lighting
Butterfly lighting is one of the oldest techniques for lighting a subject. Named for the butterfly-shaped shadow that forms underneath the subject’s nose, this setup is a proven method to ensure your subject is well-lit in a pleasing manner.
what is loop lighting
Loop lighting is one of the most popular lighting techniques due to its simplicity and suitability to almost all types of subject. The name ‘loop’ comes from the appearance of the shadow this type of lighting creates under the subject’s nose, shaped like a loop.
what is broad lighting
Broad light is just the opposite of Short light. In the Broad Light setup, THe side that is getting the most light is the side turning towards the camera. This setup is less commonly used for portraits as it tends to make people look chubby
what is short lighting
refers to when the main light illuminates the side of the face that is turned away from the camera. This lets light fall on the narrow side of the face leaving a shadow on the broad side of the face, which is facing the camera
what is vignette
reduction of an image’s brightness or saturation at the periphery compared to the image center
what is flare
When a bright light source is shining on the lens but not in its field of view, lens flare appears as a haze that washes out the image and reduces contrast. This can be avoided by shading the lens using a lens hoods
what is dodge
manipulates exposure– brings it up
what is burn
manipulates exposure– brings it down
what are the types of cameras
SLR, point and shoot mirrorless
