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Tourism > Exam > Flashcards

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1
Q

Tourism

A

the short term movement of people to places away from normal residence for no more that 1 consecutive year

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2
Q

Hospitality

A

provision of food, beverages and accommodation away from home

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3
Q

Tourism and hospitality interrelation

A

transport, food-services, lodging, recreation etc

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4
Q

Traveller vs tourist

A

travellers aren’t necessarily tourists but tourists ARE travellers

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5
Q

The tourist…

A

travels >80km from home
utilises accommodation
>24hrs <1year

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6
Q

Sumarians/Baylonians input ($)

A

developed trade 4000BC
invented money and the wheel
founders of travel business

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7
Q

Egypt input (attraction)

A

developer of the first tourist attraction GIZA

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8
Q

Roman empire (roads)

A

built roads (150BC)
enables travel
olympic games

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9
Q

Post - roman empire 4th and 5th century (passport)

A

“dark ages”
travel became dangerous
King Richard III = TRAVEL PERMIT

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10
Q

“Grand tour” 17th and 18th century

A

educational became pleasure travel

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11
Q

Industrial revolution (began 1830) (travel)

A

rail, steamships, automobiles, air first paying passengers

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12
Q

% of GDP

A

9%

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13
Q

how many jobs?

A

1/11

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14
Q

percentage of service exports

A

30%

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15
Q

world exports

A

6%

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16
Q

how many people travel internationally

A

1.2 billion

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17
Q

revenue from tourists

A

$36 billion

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18
Q

how many people travel from abroad?

A

7 million

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19
Q

international arrivals expectations

A

will increase by 3%/year and 1.8 billion people will travel by by 2030

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20
Q

Classifications of tourists (4)

A

domestic, international, inbound, outbound

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21
Q

economic importance of tourism

A

largest service-based industry

sector accounts for: 40-50% GDP in developing and 70-80% in developed

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22
Q

how do we measure economic impact?

A

visitor arrivals: volume, origin, purpose

currency exchange info, expenditure

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23
Q

Economic impact

A

not the same a tourist receipts, consider - leakages, direct, indirect and induced effects, displacement and opportunity costs

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24
Q

countries with positive tourist balance sheets

A

USA, italy, france and australia

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25
Q

countries with negative tourist balance sheets

A

china, japan, canada, germany, UK

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26
Q

What do tourist satellite accounts measure?

A

tourism expenditure
GVA and GDP
employment, investment and gov consumption

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27
Q

positives for tourism

A

economic, new employment, infrastructure etc

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28
Q

negatives for tourism

A

seasonal employment, pollution, pollution, increased taxes

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29
Q

multiplier concept

A

how far $1 goes in the economy

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30
Q

direct effect

A

pay for hotel

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31
Q

indirect effect

A

hotel pays cleaner

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32
Q

induced effect

A

cleaner pays for cleaning products

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33
Q

displacement cost

A

moving people to create infrastructure associated with tourism

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34
Q

opportunity cost

A

costa rice cutting down on coffee production for tourism

35
Q

what is a visa?

A

limits duration of stay
may be revoked at any time
TRANSIT, TOURIST OR BUSINESS

36
Q

What is the customs form?

A

collecting tariffs and taxes

controlling flow of goods in and out of country

37
Q

what does travel insurance cover?

A

medical, death, loss of luggage, delay

38
Q

types of tourism

A

recreational, cultural, nature, pleasure, sports, religious, adventure, medical

39
Q

how visitors perceive

A

satisfied felt needs
bundles of benefits
fits with self-image

40
Q

elements of the tourism system (3)

A

tourist
tourism sector
destination

41
Q

transit route region

A

intermediate zone, stopover flights, activity, distinct from actual visit

42
Q

factors contributing to TRR

A

access, cost, attractions, reliability, comfort

43
Q

the destination mix (5)

A

attractions, facilities, transport, infrastructure, hospitality resources (intangible)

44
Q

facilities…

A

support rather than induce tourism, mere presence wont bring tourism

45
Q

what accounts for largest share of visitor spending?

A

food and beverage

46
Q

hierarchy of markets (life-cycle)

A

virgin > emergent > defined > mature > dense > saturated

47
Q

Leipers tourist system

A

enables us to know who to target KNOW PROCESS

48
Q

cohens modes

A

recreational > diversionary > experiential > experimental > existential

49
Q

psychocentric to allocentric

A

amusement > change > interest > rapture > dedication

50
Q

Doxeys irridex (reactions)

A

euphoria, apathy, annoyance, antagonism

51
Q

Triple bottom line

A

economic, social and environmental

52
Q

positive social impact from tourism

A

local pride, education, awareness, shared infrastructure

53
Q

negative social impacts from tourism

A

crime, staged authenticity, commodification, economic imbalance

54
Q

sustainability

A

meeting the needs of the current generation without compromising the ability of future destinations to meet own needs

55
Q

positive environmental impacts

A

preservation, maintenance

56
Q

negative environmental impacts

A

hunting, destroyed vegatation

57
Q

moments of truth

A

all encounters between people, products and the system

58
Q

intangibility

A

the products cannot be touched - insurance

59
Q

tangibility

A

product can be touched - meal

60
Q

heterogeneity

A

service quality depends on who provides the service

61
Q

perishability

A

the service cannot be stored - e.g. plane tickets cannot be reused

62
Q

Disneys SERVICE acronym

A

smile, eye contact, respect, value, initiate contact, creative solutions, end with a “thank you”

63
Q

customer, company, service provided triangle

A

company vs customers - external marketing
company vs provider - internal marketing
provider vs customers - interactive marketing

64
Q

why should we care what customers think?

A

feedback, loyalty, turnover, recruiting/keeping customers

65
Q

2 types of customers

A

external - guests

internal - service providers

66
Q

service recovery

A

think - pair - share

67
Q

7 sins of service ABCCRRR

A

apath, brush off, coldness, condescension, robotics, run-around, rules ABCCRRR

68
Q

the hospitality continuum

A

unconditional (need to provide) > negotiated (secondary need) > commodified (focus)

69
Q

mergers and acquisitions

A

either buying into another company through shares or joining
Steve Wynn - mirage and bellagio

70
Q

ownership (5)

A

SME (small, medium enterprises) local, regional, multinational, private

71
Q

management (3)

A

owner operated - fam business
management contracts - marriott
franchise - mcdonalds

72
Q

FIT

A

free independent traveller

73
Q

VFR

A

visiting friends and relatives

74
Q

segmentation groups

A

geographical, demographical , psychographic, behavioural

75
Q

ADR

A

average daily rate

total room rev/total rooms sold

76
Q

RevPAR

A

revenue/total available rooms OR ADR x occupancy %

77
Q

Occupancy %

A

total rooms sold/total rooms available

78
Q

managing occupancy

A

CTA (close to arrival)
overbooking (schoolies)
walking (alternatives)

79
Q

MICE

A

meetings, incentive travel, conventions, exhibitions/events

80
Q

key stakeholders in MICE

A

CVBs - convention and visitors bureaus
DMOs - destination marketing organisations
associations
venues

81
Q

MICE sponsors (organisers)

A

associations
corporations
government
SMERFS

82
Q

SMERFS

A

social, military, educational, religious, fraternal

83
Q

types of events (4)

A

leisure, personal, cultural, organisational

84
Q

host motivation for tourism

A

boosts economic activity
increased tourism
destination marketing

Tourism (1 decks)

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