Exam 6

Question 1

produced by they breakdown of amino acids in the liver

Answer 1

urea

Question 2

produced by the breakdown of nucloetides

Answer 2

uric acid

Question 3

produced from muscle metabolism

Answer 3

creatinine

Question 4

functions of the urinary system

Answer 4

excretion, water-salt balance, acid-base balance, hormone secretion

Question 5

nephron

Answer 5

functional unit of the kidneys

Question 6

skeletal functions

Answer 6

framework, protection, blood cell production, calcium and phosphate storage, movement

Question 7

diaphysis

Answer 7

the shaft; yellow bone marrow

Question 8

epiphysis

Answer 8

ends of long bones; red bone marrow

Question 9

physis

Answer 9

epiphyseal plate; increase of long bone length

Question 10

osteon

Answer 10

cylindrical units that contain mineralized matrix and osteocytes; compact bone

Question 11

hyaline cartilage

Answer 11

on ends of long bones

Question 12

fibrocartilage

Answer 12

strong cartilage; menisci in the knees

Question 13

ligaments

Answer 13

bone to bone

Question 14

axial bones

Answer 14

skull, hyoid, thoracic cage, vertebral column

Question 15

Maxillae

Answer 15

upper jaw

Question 16

Mandible

Answer 16

lower jaw

Question 17

zygomatic bones

Answer 17

cheeks

Question 18

nasal bones

Answer 18

nose

Question 19

frontal

Answer 19

forehead

Question 20

temporal

Answer 20

temples

Question 21

vertebral column sections

Answer 21

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

Question 22

appendicular bones

Answer 22

pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

Question 23

synovial joints

Answer 23

moveable

Question 24

fibrous joints

Answer 24

bone to bone

Question 25

cartilagenous joints

Answer 25

ribs

Question 26

tendon

Answer 26

muscle to bone

Question 27

origin

Answer 27

point on stationary bone

Question 28

insertion

Answer 28

point on moving bone

Question 29

muscle cell

Answer 29

muscle fiber

Question 30

fascicles

Answer 30

bundles of muscle fibers

Question 31

myofibrils

Answer 31

runs the length of the fiber

Question 32

actin

Answer 32

thin filaments

Question 33

myosin

Answer 33

thick filaments

Question 34

muscle breakdown

Answer 34

muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril

Question 35

glycogen

Answer 35

polysaccharide

Question 36

myoglobin

Answer 36

red pigment, binds oxygen

Question 37

sarcomeres

Answer 37

repeating units of actin and myosin

Question 38

Anaerobic pathways

Answer 38

CP and Fermentation

Question 39

Aerobic pathway

Answer 39

Cellular respiration

Question 40

fast-twitch fibers

Answer 40

designed for 'explosive' action, anaerobic

Question 41

slow-twitch

Answer 41

designed for stamina; dark in color

Question 42

exocrine glands

Answer 42

release into ducts

Question 43

endocrine glands

Answer 43

release into bloodstream

Question 44

target cells

Answer 44

can respond to a specific hormone only

Question 45

peptide hormone

Answer 45

initiates a cascade of reactions in the cell

Question 46

steriod hormone

Answer 46

activate genes on DNA

Question 47

posterior pituitary gland

Answer 47

brain; ADH and oxytocin

Question 48

anterior pituitary gland

Answer 48

brain; TSH, ACTH, GTH (FSH and LH), PRL and GH

Question 49

pituitary dwarfism

Answer 49

too little GH produced, small stature

Question 50

giantism

Answer 50

too much GH produced, poor health

Question 51

Acromegaly

Answer 51

overproduction of GH as an adult; feet, hands and face grow

Question 52

thyroid gland

Answer 52

regulates body metabolism

Question 53

adrenal glands

Answer 53

top of kidneys; long-term stress response hormone

Question 54

pancreas

Answer 54

digestive acids; insulin and glucagon

Question 55

type 1 d

Answer 55

pancreas doesn't produce enough insulin

Question 56

type 2 d

Answer 56

cells don't respond to insulin correctly