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BIO 101 > Exam 6 > Flashcards

Exam 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

produced by they breakdown of amino acids in the liver

A

urea

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2
Q

produced by the breakdown of nucloetides

A

uric acid

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3
Q

produced from muscle metabolism

A

creatinine

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4
Q

functions of the urinary system

A

excretion, water-salt balance, acid-base balance, hormone secretion

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5
Q

nephron

A

functional unit of the kidneys

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6
Q

skeletal functions

A

framework, protection, blood cell production, calcium and phosphate storage, movement

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7
Q

diaphysis

A

the shaft; yellow bone marrow

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8
Q

epiphysis

A

ends of long bones; red bone marrow

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9
Q

physis

A

epiphyseal plate; increase of long bone length

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10
Q

osteon

A

cylindrical units that contain mineralized matrix and osteocytes; compact bone

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11
Q

hyaline cartilage

A

on ends of long bones

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12
Q

fibrocartilage

A

strong cartilage; menisci in the knees

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13
Q

ligaments

A

bone to bone

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14
Q

axial bones

A

skull, hyoid, thoracic cage, vertebral column

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15
Q

Maxillae

A

upper jaw

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16
Q

Mandible

A

lower jaw

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17
Q

zygomatic bones

A

cheeks

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18
Q

nasal bones

A

nose

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19
Q

frontal

A

forehead

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20
Q

temporal

A

temples

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21
Q

vertebral column sections

A

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx

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22
Q

appendicular bones

A

pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle

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23
Q

synovial joints

A

moveable

24
Q

fibrous joints

A

bone to bone

25
Q

cartilagenous joints

A

ribs

26
Q

tendon

A

muscle to bone

27
Q

origin

A

point on stationary bone

28
Q

insertion

A

point on moving bone

29
Q

muscle cell

A

muscle fiber

30
Q

fascicles

A

bundles of muscle fibers

31
Q

myofibrils

A

runs the length of the fiber

32
Q

actin

A

thin filaments

33
Q

myosin

A

thick filaments

34
Q

muscle breakdown

A

muscle, fascicle, muscle fiber, myofibril

35
Q

glycogen

A

polysaccharide

36
Q

myoglobin

A

red pigment, binds oxygen

37
Q

sarcomeres

A

repeating units of actin and myosin

38
Q

Anaerobic pathways

A

CP and Fermentation

39
Q

Aerobic pathway

A

Cellular respiration

40
Q

fast-twitch fibers

A

designed for ‘explosive’ action, anaerobic

41
Q

slow-twitch

A

designed for stamina; dark in color

42
Q

exocrine glands

A

release into ducts

43
Q

endocrine glands

A

release into bloodstream

44
Q

target cells

A

can respond to a specific hormone only

45
Q

peptide hormone

A

initiates a cascade of reactions in the cell

46
Q

steriod hormone

A

activate genes on DNA

47
Q

posterior pituitary gland

A

brain; ADH and oxytocin

48
Q

anterior pituitary gland

A

brain; TSH, ACTH, GTH (FSH and LH), PRL and GH

49
Q

pituitary dwarfism

A

too little GH produced, small stature

50
Q

giantism

A

too much GH produced, poor health

51
Q

Acromegaly

A

overproduction of GH as an adult; feet, hands and face grow

52
Q

thyroid gland

A

regulates body metabolism

53
Q

adrenal glands

A

top of kidneys; long-term stress response hormone

54
Q

pancreas

A

digestive acids; insulin and glucagon

55
Q

type 1 d

A

pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin

56
Q

type 2 d

A

cells don’t respond to insulin correctly

BIO 101 (3 decks)

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