exam 6

Question 1

compensation

Answer 1

covering up weaknesses by emphasizing a more desirable trait or by overachieving in a more comfortable area.
allows a person to overcome weakness and achieve success.

Question 2

denial

Answer 2

an attempt to screen or ignore unacceptable realities by refusing to acknowledge them.
temporarily isolates a person from the full impact of a traumatic situation.

Question 3

minimization

Answer 3

not acknowledging the significance of one’s behavior.
allows a person to decrease responsibility for own behavior.

Question 4

projection

Answer 4

a process in which blame is attached to others or the environment for unacceptable desires, thoughts, shortcomings, or mistakes.
allows a person to deny the existence of shortcomings and mistakes; protects self-image.

Question 5

rationalization

Answer 5

justification of certain behaviors by faulty logic and ascription of motives that are socially acceptable but did not, in fact, inspire that behavior.
helps a person cope with the inability to meet goals or certain standards.

Question 6

regression

Answer 6

resorting to an earlier, more comfortable level of functioning that is characteristically less demanding and responsible.
allows a person to return to a point in development when nurturing and dependency were needed and accepted with comfort.

Question 7

repression

Answer 7

an UNCONSCIOUS mechanism in which threatening thoughts, feelings, and desires are kept from becoming conscious; the repressed material is denied entry into consciousness.
protects a person from traumatic experience until he or she has the resources to cope.

Question 8

sublimation

Answer 8

displacement of energy associated with more primitive sexual or aggressive drives into socially acceptable activities.
protects a person from behaving in irrational, impulsive ways.

Question 9

Family Centered Communication

Answer 9

establishing rapport
availability and openness to questions
family education and empowerment
effective management of conflict
feedback from children and families
spirituality

Question 10

ABCDEs

Answer 10

Airway
breathing
Circulation
Disability (LOC)
Exposure

Question 11

Care Settings

Answer 11

Pediatric observation units
Emergency hospitalization
Outpatient and day facilities
Rehabilitative care
Med-surg unit
Intensive care unit

Question 12

children’s response to illness

Answer 12

Fear of unknown
Separation anxiety
Fear of pain/mutilation
Loss of control
Anger
Guilt
Regression

Question 13

Infant/toddler response to illness

Answer 13

separation anxiety
fear of pain or injury
loss of control

Question 14

Preschool response to illness

Answer 14

separation anxiety
fears mutilation
loss of control
guilt and shame

Question 15

school age response to illness

Answer 15

separation anxiety
fear of disability/death
loss of control

Question 16

Adolescents’ response to illness

Answer 16

unsure if they want family with them or not
fears appearance change
loss of control- no longer have independence

Question 17

Separation Anxiety Stages

Answer 17

Protest- agitation, resistance, cries, inconsolable.
Despair- hopeless and becomes quiet, withdrawn, apathetic.
Detachment- becomes interested in environment, may ignore parents return

Question 18

Pathogen transmission

Answer 18

respiratory tract
fecal matter
sexual activity
vector borne
contamination by blood

Question 19

active immunity

Answer 19

natural or vaccination

Question 20

passive immunity

Answer 20

acquiring serum antibodies

Question 21

Rubeola (measles)

Answer 21

symptoms: initially Koplik spots on buccal mucosa. Red, maculopapular rash first appear behind ears and upper neck then spread downward, fever, cough, runny nose, conjunctivitis.
Incubation: 8-12 days
Transmission: direct contact with infectious droplets

Question 22

Rubella (German measles)

Answer 22

Symptoms: Pink maculopapular rash begins on face, neck, scalp then spreads down. Fades on face as it spreads down, reddish pinpoint petechiae on soft palate (Forschheimer’s sign), rhinorrhea, diarrhea, headache, malaise, sore throat, anorexia
Incubation: 14-21 days
Transmission: airborne

Question 23

Roseola Infantum

Answer 23

Symptoms: red rash several hours-2 days post fever, macular rash may be surrounded by white ring, blanches with pressure, mostly on neck and trunk, sudden high fever, malaise, irritability
Incubation: 5-15 days
Transmission: contact secretions

Question 24

Fifth disease (erythema infectiosum)

Answer 24

Symptoms: slapped cheek rash that comes and goes, HA, rhinorrhea, mild fever, malaise
Incubation: 4-17 days
Transmission: respiratory, airborne, blood

Question 25

varicella

Answer 25

Symptoms: macular rash24-48 hours after slight fever, mild fever, itching once the rash starts, malaise, HA, anorexia
Incubation: 10-21 days
Transmission: direct, droplet, airborne

Question 26

Scarlet Fever

Answer 26

Symptoms: sudden fever, vomiting, HA, abd pain, pharyngitis, chills, rash within 24 hours usually
Incubation: 1-7 days
Transmission: airborne or direct contact

Question 27

Epstein-Barr Virus

Answer 27

Symptoms: fever, pharyngitis, sore throat, lymphadenopathy, rash, HA, malaise, fatigue, nausea, abd pain
Incubation: 4-7 weeks
Transmission: contact (saliva, intimate contact, blood)

Question 28

Chlamydia

Answer 28

most common STD, 20% of sexually active adolescents/young adults have tested positive.
Must treat all sexual partners
Must be reported

Question 29

Gonorrhea

Answer 29

transmitted perinatally, sexual abuse, voluntary sexual activity

Question 30

Herpes Simplex

Answer 30

pregnant can transmit to newborn
increased risk of transmission during first infection and active lesions

Question 31

HPV

Answer 31

most common cause of warts
direct sexual contact
increased risk from multiple partners
small papules in genital area

Question 32

bacterial vaginosis

Answer 32

profuse white, malodorus vaginal discharge that sticks to vaginal walls
treated with metronidazole

Question 33

syphilis

Answer 33

can be transmitted via placenta and sexual acts
concern for sexual abuse with pediatric populations
treated with penicillin IM

Question 34

trichomoniasis

Answer 34

males are asymptomatic usually
dysuria, vaginal itching/burning, frothy yellow/green discharge
treated with single dose metronidazole