Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Exam 6 > Exam 6 > Flashcards

Exam 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Define meiosis

A

A type of cell division that produces daughter cells with the half number of chromosomes of the original cell that divides (spermatogonia or oogonia) the resulting cells are called gametes.

These are reproductive cells called haploid cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Meiosis occurs in how many stages

A

Meiosis I and meiosis ll

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Difference between mitosis and meiosis

A

Mitosis produces 2 daughter cells

Meiosis produces 4 daughter cells and they are not all genetically identical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define spermatogenesis

A

A type of cell division in males that consists of meiosis resulting in the production of four genetically unique gamete’s called sperm cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define oogenesis

A

Out of the gamate’s that result one is functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are located-penetrating enzymes found in the sperm cell

A

The acrosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How many chromosomes do gamates have

A

23

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the function of the blood testis barrier

A

It protects developing sperm cells against its own immune system and toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the secretion of bulbourethral glands

A

Clear, alkaline, lubricating secretion prior to ejaculation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe secretion of prostate gland

A

Milky, acidic secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe secretion of seminal vesicles

A

Fructose and citric acid nourishing secretion, produces 70% of the seminal secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the final product of spermiogenesis

A

4 haploid cells called spermatozoa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What procedure removes the prepuce from the male penis

A

The prep use is a fold of loose skin that covers the glans of the penis, it is removed in a procedure called circumcision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What temperature does spermatogenisis require

A

Spermatogenesis is a temperature sensitive process; it requires a temperature lower than core body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In what structures does spermatogenesis occur?

A

Seminiferous tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List the male reproductive ducts starting with the seminiferous tubules

A

Seminiferous tubules,
Rete testis
Epididymis
Ductus (vas) deferens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define vasectomy

A

Procedure that blocks the passage of sperm from the epididymas to the urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

During which phase of meiosis does chromosomal crossover occur

A

Prophase l

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the genetic significance of chromosomal crossover

A

Crossing over occurs during prophase l of meiosis, it leads to genetic variation in the chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What reproductive organs produce sex hormones and gamates

A

Gonads ( primary sex organs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

List three functions of the hormone estrogen

A

Promotes oogenesis
Important in the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle
Produces secondary sex characteristics like; growth of breast at puberty, uterine growth, pubic hair growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Explaintwo ways in which spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ

A

Spermatogenesis begins at puberty while oogenesis begins before birth

Spermatogenesis produces four functional gametes while oogenesis produces only one functional gamete

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

List the phases of the ovarian cycle

A

Follicular phase followed by the lateral phase. Ovulation marks the transition from one phase to the other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

List the phases of the uterine (menstrual) cycle

A

Menstrual phase

Proliferative phase

Secretory phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Menstrual phase

A

The phase marked by low hormone levels causing the functional layer of the endometrium to shed (days 1-5 of the cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Proliferative phase

A

A phase marked by rebuilding of the functional layer of the endometrium, due to elevated estrogen levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Secretory phase

A

Phase where the endometrium prepares for implantation, it is driven by elevated levels of progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does thee corpus luteum form?

A

In the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle from the ruptured vesicular follicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What ovarian structure is targeted by the hormones FSH and LH after ovulation has taken place

A

The corpus luteum

30
Q

What hormone “triggers” ovulation to occur

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

31
Q

During which phase of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium prepare for implantation

A

During the secretory phase

32
Q

What combination of sex chromosomes result in the development of a biological male?

A

XY= Male

33
Q

What combination of sex chromosomes result in the development of a biological female

A

XX=female

34
Q

Which gamete determines the biological gender of their offspring

A

The males sperm carry’s either an X or Y chromosome that is important in determining sex

35
Q

What is the function of the scrotum?

A

It contains the testes and regulates their temperature

36
Q

What is the function of the uterus

A

It is the site of implantation and where the embryo is nourished and protected during its development

37
Q

What cells produce testosterone

A

Leading cells (interstitial cells

38
Q

Name two hormones produced by the ovaries

A

Estrogen and progesterone

39
Q

Where are sperm stored after they are produced

A

After sperm are produced, they enter the epididymis

40
Q

During which phase of the uterine cycle are hormone levels at their lowest

A

At the start of the menstrual phase

41
Q

Which phase of the uterine cycle is driven by elevated levels of estrogen

A

During the proliferative phase

42
Q

During which part of the uterine cycle has ovulation taken place

A

At the end of Proliferative phase

43
Q

Which phase of the uterine cycle is driven by elevated levels of progesterone

A

During the secretory phase

44
Q

Which layer of the endometrium sheds in the menstrual phase of the uterine cycle

A

The functional layer ( stratum functionalis

45
Q

Define vesicular follicle

A

A mature follicle that has an egg that is ovulated

46
Q

How does the secondary oocyte that has been ovulated move through the uterine tube on its way to the uterus

A

It is moved by by cilia located on the cells lining the uterine tube

47
Q

List the three layers of the uterine wall

A

Endometrium
Myometrium (smooth muscle )
Perimetrium

48
Q

List the three regions of the uterine tube in in order from lateral to medial

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
Uterus

49
Q

In which layer of the endometrium does implantation occur

A

Stratum functionalis of the endometrium

50
Q

What is the usual site of fertilization

A

Uterine tube

51
Q

In what region of the ovary do ovarian follicles develop

A

In the cortex of the ovary.

Within each ovary, immature eggs develop in structures called ovarian follicles

52
Q

Where are spermatogonia located within the seminiferous tubules

A

Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules from cells called spermatogonia located close to the outer edge of the tubules

53
Q

What is the function of sustentocytes

A

Produce androgen-binding protein and nourish the developing spermatic as they grow into sperm cells

54
Q

What is the difference between the corpus luteum and the corpus albicans

A

The corpus luteum secretes estrogen and progesterone

The corpus albicans does not secrete hormones

55
Q

What is the tissue that surrounds the spongy urethra called

A

Corpus spongiosum

56
Q

Where are interstitial cells located in the testes

A

They are located between (outside ) the seminiferous tubules

57
Q

List two functions of the male urethra

A

Transports urine and sperm out of the body

58
Q

List the three regions of the male urethra from proximal to distal

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous ( intermediate ) urethra
Spongy urethra

59
Q

What structure secretes estrogen and progesterone immediately after ovulation

A

Corpus luteum

60
Q

What cells in the male gonads does FSH target

A

FSH targets the sustentocytes/Sertoli cells

61
Q

What is the effect of FSH on sustentacular cells?

A

Sustentacular cells will secrete androgen-binding protein

(ABP) which is important for spermatogenesis

62
Q

What is the effect of LH on interstitial cells?

A

Intestinal cells will secrete testosterone

63
Q

What is a haploid cell?

A

Contains only one set of chromosomes (23 chromosomes)

64
Q

What is a diploid cell?

A

A cell with two sets of chromosomes (one maternal, one
paternal), they have a total of 46 chromosomes. Somatic
cells are diploid.

65
Q

What is the function of the ejaculatory duct?

A

Receives sperm from the ductus deferens and secretions

from the seminal glands

66
Q

During what phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate?

A

Anaphase Il of meiosis I!

67
Q

List the structures of the vulva.

A

Labia minora, labia majora, clitoris, mons pubis

68
Q

In what phase of meiosis is the secondary oocyte arrested in

when it’s ovulated?

A

An ovulated oocyte is arrested in metaphase I and will ript

complete meiosis Il until after it is fertilized

69
Q

What are polar bodies?

A

Three small cells that result from unequal divisions of cytoplasm in oogenesis, the one large egg cell has ample nutrients for its journey into the uterus

70
Q

What is the Ph of the vagina

A

It is acidic

Exam 6 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions