Exam

Question 1

Franz Schubert’s personality

Answer 1

Was shy/modest but still had many friends

Question 2

Franz Schubert’s style

Answer 2

Focused on small scale lieder/arts art songs

Question 3

Schubert’s music

Answer 3

Poems as songs
Homophonic texture
Program music

Question 4

Fanny Mendelssohn’s career

Answer 4

Female composers were considered amateurs

Published her music under Felix’s name

Question 5

Fanny’s Music

Answer 5

Inspired by poems
Memorable melodies
Reflective

Question 6

Robert and Clara Schumann’s relationship

Answer 6

Father opposed of their relationship so they wrote secret love letters to each other
Robert injured his hand so he couldn’t play anymore - so he became a critisist

Question 7

Clara’s Lieder year

Answer 7

1840 - a lot of songs were made

Question 8

Schumann’s Music

Answer 8

Literary references
Programatic
Piano pieces
Grouped together

Question 9

Fryderek Chopin’s Skill

Answer 9

Piano Virtuoso
Collected folk music
Moved to Paris for the arts scene

Question 10

Chopin’s Music

Answer 10

Short pieces

Waltz: ballroom

Question 11

Chopin’s Left/Right

Answer 11

Left hand: varied and expressive

Right hand: technical with ornamentation

Question 12

Franz Liszt

Answer 12

Piano virtuoso
Long and thin fingers - spanned 10 or more notes
Runs

Question 13

Liszt’s career

Answer 13

Father worked at Esterhazy
Moved to Paris
Born: Hungary

Question 14

Liszt’s Music

Answer 14

Experimentation with harmony
Technically difficult
Uses whole keyboard

Question 15

Giuseppe Verdi’s life

Answer 15

Poor village
Wife and children all died
Nabucco - start of his career
15 operas over 11 years

Question 16

Richard Wagner Career

Answer 16

Wrote his own liberettos
Human beings = grand ideas
Father of film music
Leitmotif

Question 17

Johannes Brahms Career

Answer 17

Child prodigy
Folk music
Friends with Clara Schumann

Question 18

Giacomo Puccini Career

Answer 18

Early modern, with elements from Romantic with Expressionism
Themes of realism
Western Themes

Question 19

Igor Stravinsky

Answer 19

Teacher was Rimsky Korsakov
Music had violent and sexual nature
Bold, daring, dissonant, atonal

Question 20

Arnold Schoenberg

Answer 20

Felt that tonality had been outlived
Invented atonality - a system without key
12 tone row - strict specific order

Question 21

Alban Berg

Answer 21

Pupil of Schoenberg
Atonal
Lyrical
Still emotional (romantic)

Question 22

Anton Weburn

Answer 22

Pupil of Schoenberg

Post WW1

Question 23

Berg’s Music

Answer 23

Sparse
No extra notes
Use of silence
Variety of timbres
Wide range of dynamics

Question 24

Bela Bartok

Answer 24

Nationalist composer

Ethnomusicology: immersed in a culture to study the music

Question 25

Bartok’s Music

Answer 25

Strict sonata form, with experimentation
Tonal and atonal
Small ensemble with small intruments

Question 26

Charles Ives

Answer 26

American nationalism

Invented Aural Collage: contrasting sounds/timbres and textures/layers overlapping

Question 27

Aaron Copland

Answer 27

American nationalism
Jazz
Rural American themes
Landscapes
Patriotic

Question 28

John Cage

Answer 28

Post war Avant-Garde
Chance & electroacoustic music
Non-standard instruments like prepared piano

Question 29

John Cage: Characteristics

Answer 29

Musical Happening

Tape Looping

Question 30

Philip Glass

Answer 30

Minimalism
Concert and film composer
Wall-to-wall film music
Extreme repetition

Question 31

Virtuosic Piano Technique

Answer 31

To be extremely skilled with piano

Octave stretches, runs, whole keyboard

Question 32

Virtuosic Piano Technique: EXAMPLE

Answer 32

Trancendental Étude - Liszt

Question 33

Gesamtkunkswerk

Answer 33

The total artwork

Not sacrificing the musical flow

Question 34

Gesamtkuntswerk: EXAMPLE

Answer 34

The Ring Cycle - Wagner

Question 35

Total Serialism

Answer 35

Complete control

Attacks/dynamics, duration/length added to every note

Question 36

Total Serialism: EXAMPLE

Answer 36

Structures - Boulez

Question 37

Musical Happening

Answer 37

All of the sounds surrounding us are part of the musical experience

Question 38

Musical Happening: EXAMPLE

Answer 38

Sonata 3 - John Cage

Question 39

Tape Loop

Answer 39

Alteration of tape recording

Usually consists of speech/dialogue, spoken by chance (newspaper)

Question 40

Tape Loop: EXAMPLE

Answer 40

Bird Cage - Cage

Question 41

Minimalism

Answer 41

Return of tonality
Extreme repetition
Use of synthesizers

Question 42

Minimalism: EXAMPLE

Answer 42

Koyaanisqatsi - Glass

Question 43

Industrial Revolution: Increased Efficiency

Answer 43

Agriculture: fertilizers, milk pasteurization

Mining: iron, steel, railways

Technology: telegraph, telephone, postal system, electricity

Question 44

Industrial Living: Life at the time

Answer 44

Increased standards of living
More people were moving to the city for work
- made the cities overcrowded
- London, England = dirty and polluted

Question 45

Industrial Revolution: The Music

Answer 45

Based on nature, exotic and foreign, nationalism (folk songs)

Question 46

Industrial Revolution: The Instruments

Answer 46

Piano: introduced iron, over stringing, increased volume

Question 47

Industrial Revolution: Themes in Music

Answer 47

Return to emotionalism
Complexity and faith
God and nature over reason and science

Question 48

Ives’ Aural Collage - Putnam’s Camp

Answer 48

Contrasting sounds/timbres and textures/layers overlapping each other

2 marching bands passing each other, playing different tunes

Question 49

Aural Collage: QUOTES FROM TEXTBOOK

Answer 49

“Flutes and trumpets play competing melodies”
“A swirl of melodies & rhythms”
“Yankee doodle”
“Conventional harmonies contrast with harsh introduction”